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1.
The flow behavior of water and oil near well bore zones in oil reservoir is radial flow. Based on the fluid displacement experiments in radial systems, the equation describing radial flow is investigated and analytical solution about the relationship between relative permeability ratio and saturation is obtained. The analytical solution is used to treat the experiment results and the two phase flow behavior of water and oil is characterized. The results show that the analytical solution can characterize the actual flow of water and oil near well bore zone. According to the radial experiments, the saturation scope in which the relative permeability ratio and saturation is linear is smaller. The flow behavior of water and oil near well bore zones is complex and nonlinear. 相似文献
2.
Summary Within-plant variation was studied in seed samples of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Central and lateral capsules were sampled in three entries. Three capsule postions-basal (nodes 16 to 20), intermediate (nodes 21 to 25), and apical (nodes 26 to 30)-were sampled in four other entries. Nuclear magnetic resonance and gas liquid chromatography were used to characterize within-and among-plants variation in the same genotype for oil content and its fatty acid composition, respectively.Central capsules had heavier seeds, and their oil had more palmitic and oleic acids than had seeds from the two lateral capsules. However, central capsules had seeds with less oil content, and the oil had less stearic, linoleic, and arachidic acids than seeds from lateral capsules. Seed weight and arachidic acid were found to be constant in seeds from capsules located at different nodes along the plant. Oil content had a significant variation with capsule position along the plant in only one entry. Percentages of palmitic and linoleic acids were lower, and those of stearic, oleic, and linolenic acids were higher in seeds from the apical capsules. In almost all cases, capsules located in the intermediate and basal sections had a similar oil composition. However, there was a lack of consistency in the within-plant variation from plant to plant for the different traits studied. It was concluded that within-plant variation need be taken into account only if the experiment was set up to detect small differences between treatments. Among-plants variation was found to be influenced by plant genotype. 相似文献
3.
Tocopherols are one of the most important bioactive compounds in vegetable oils. It is known that these antioxidants present a dilution like relationship with oil weight per grain but the mechanism underlying this relationship are unknown. The aim of this work was to analyze the dynamics of tocopherol accumulation in sunflower grains, its relationship with oil accumulation and its effects on final oil quality in genotypes with different fatty acid composition. Three field experiments were conducted with genotypes with different potential fatty acid composition (a traditional, a high oleic and a high stearic−high oleic) and treatments with different source (intercepted solar radiation) or sink (grains) during grain filling to obtain varied grain filling conditions and grains with different oil concentration and oil unsaturation. Intercepted solar radiation modified oil per grain but did not affect tocopherol per grain. The rate of accumulation explained 79% and 74% of the oil and tocopherol per grain variation, respectively. When intercepted solar radiation increased, the duration of the period of oil and tocopherols accumulation increased, being the first the most responsive. These differences in the duration of accumulation periods are reflected in a larger relative increase in oil than tocopherols per grain and thus a dilution of the latter in the oil. These differences in the dynamics of oil and tocopherol accumulation are common to genotypes with different level of unsaturation. These results help to understand the mechanism associated with the dilution curve of oil tocopherol concentration reported in the literature. 相似文献
4.
Development model of emulsified oil jet and micro-explosion properties of water drops are analyzed,cavitation effect can change the jet atomizing angle,therefore,an important guideline to describe oil jet atomization is atomizing angle. Absolute diesel fuel and different moisture content emulsified diesel fuels are researched by high-speed camera system from the experiment for studying the atomizing properties of water drops when high-voltage impulse injects the gas medium. The theory and experimental results show that lots of water drops of emulsified oil reduce jet dynamic strength when the jet unloads,so it has stronger dispersed properties. Emulsified diesel fuel can spray more capacity than absolute diesel fuel,the width of jet is greater and the spraying atomizing angle increases. When the moisture percent of emulsified oil is 10%,the atomizing angle can get to the maximum. 相似文献
5.
以58份不同类型(野生、半野生和栽培)大豆种质为材料,利用32对SSR标记分析大豆种质间的遗传多样性和进化关系,采用NIRS和GC方法分别分析大豆脂肪含量和脂肪酸组分含量,研究不同类型大豆种质油脂组成特点及其与演化的关系。结果显示,野生大豆和栽培大豆的油脂组成存在显著差异,栽培大豆脂肪含量(平均20.8%)显著高于野生大豆(平均10.49%),油酸含量(平均28.5%)显著高于野生大豆(平均14.37%),而亚麻酸含量却显著低于野生大豆;由相关性分析可知,大豆种子中的脂肪与油酸含量显著正相关(r=0.85**),而与其他脂肪酸组分极显著负相关;油酸与所有其他脂肪酸组分均负相关,特别是与亚麻酸和亚油酸呈极显著负相关(r=?0.90**和?0.89**);油脂组成和SSR标记对不同类型大豆种质的聚类和主成分分析表明,2种分类结果基本一致,可分为栽培和野生2个亚群,半野生大豆则分布于2个亚群中。由此可见,大豆油脂组成与大豆种质的驯化程度有关,脂肪含量和亚麻酸含量可以作为大豆演化分类的参考指标。 相似文献
6.
青海省位于青藏高原的东北部，寒冷干燥、夏短冬长昼夜温度比较大，有利于作物油脂的积累。近几年随着油料作物的不断增长，以及工业、农业和外贸事业的发展．人们的生活水平不断提高．对作物油脂和脂肪酸品种及品质要求日益提高和增加．现有的几种油料作物远远不能满足社会发展的需要．这就为特种油料作物开辟了广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
7.
Breeding for oil yield and short oil palms in the second cycle of selection at La Dibamba (Cameroon)
Breeding in oil palm aims mainly at improving palm oil yield. Short palms are also desired because they are easy to harvest
and increase the economic life of the plantation. A total of 23 progenies from Deli × La Mé and Deli × PO 1097 P (Yangambi)
crosses were field tested at La Dibamba Oil Palm Research Centre in Cameroon from 1988 to 1998. Oil yield components were
measured on per palm basis from 3 to 9 years after planting, and the vertical growth at 6 years after planting. The mean oil
yield of the trial was average, representing 102% of the control (3.515 t/ha), and the mean height 6 years after planting
was 101% that of the control (88.0 cm). The analysis of variance detected differences among progenies for various yield parameters
and vertical growth. The comparison of means showed clear separation of groups of progenies for oil yield at the juvenile
period (3–5 years after planting). At maturity (6–9 years after planting), the groups of progenies were overlapping indicating
that progenies were comparable each other. However, four precocious progenies and high oil yielding at maturity (119–122%
of the control) in absolute values can be released to planters. Though their vertical growth represented 116–127% of that
of the control, short pisifera palm are expected from parental selfs or crosses given the intrinsic heterozygosity of oil palm. 相似文献
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9.
R. W. Jugenheimer 《Euphytica》1961,10(2):152-156
Three newly-developed maize hybrids, Illinois 6021, Illinois 6052, and Illinois 6001 yield about 30% more oil, and 10% more protein than present commercial hybrids. In addition they are similar to standard hybrids in other agronomic traits.In order to make the results of high-oil research available to the public, the University of Illinois has released nine inbred lines with high-oil or protein content. 相似文献
10.
Abdullah A. Jaradat 《Euphytica》2017,213(9):210
Oil content and composition of Cuphea seed are of special economic value as raw materials for industrial and food applications. The inherent unpredictability in determining and predicting Cuphea’s oil yield is attributed, in part, to the indeterminate growth habit and the persistence of the domestication syndrome of this semi-domesticated potential oilseed crop. Meta-analysis using multivariate statistical modeling, computer simulations, and custom profiling was carried out on a database collated from several studies carried out in growth chamber, greenhouse and field experiments. Meta-analyses identified the importance of, and quantified direct and indirect relationships and tradeoffs between and within functional traits classified within five interrelated plant modules. Several multivariate statistical analyses procedures were employed in predicting oil content and oil yield, as performance measures of Cuphea at the plant and population levels of integration. The most parsimonious partial least squares regression model identified plant-, capsule-, and seed-based traits that can be used in reconstructing the best configuration needed for high agronomic performance at the individual plant and population levels. Variance-based structural equation modeling suggested that the variation in relative growth rate was strongly linked to differences in specific leaf area and leaf mass ratio; both traits expressed large positive direct and indirect effects on oil yield, but not oil content. Results of custom profiling suggested that seed yield, oil% and oil yield can be optimized by trait adjustments within the phenotypic and metabolic modules. Adjustments to thousand-seed weight and protein content would influence seed yield, oil yield and oil%, in a decreasing order. Improvements in eco-physiological traits, nutrient ratios and structural traits would lead to a slightly higher oil% and eventually higher oil yield. 相似文献
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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is the principal oilseed crop in the world. Soybean oil has various industrial and food applications. The quality of soybean oil is determined by its fatty acid composition. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic are the predominant fatty acids in soybean oil. The objective of this study was to determine the associations of simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers with minor differences in fatty acids in soybean oil thereby detecting modifier quantitative trait loci (QTL) which could further improve soybean oil quality. To achieve this objective, 101 F6-derived recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from a population whose parents did not contain major mutant fatty acid alleles were developed from a cross of N87-984-16 × TN93-99. Fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. Heritability estimates on an entry mean basis for fatty acids ranged from 65.8 to 77.3% for palmitic and linoleic acids, respectively. Molecular marker Satt537 located on molecular linkage group (MLG) D1b was associated with palmitic acid and Satt168 and Satt249 located on MLG B2 and J, respectively were associated with stearic acid. Molecular markers Satt185 or Satt268 (which are within 0.6 cM of each other) located on MLG E were consistently associated with oleic and linoleic acid, and Satt263 and Satt235 located on MLG E and G, respectively were associated with linolenic acid. The lack of markers associated with multiple fatty acids suggests the possibility of independently changing fatty acid levels to achieve a desirable composition, except for regions common to all saturated fatty acids. Phenotypic variation explained by the fatty acids modifier QTL ranged from 10 to 22.5%. These modifier QTL may be useful in making minor improvements to further enhance the quality of soybean oil. 相似文献
13.
Eduardo R. Trentacoste Carlos M. Puertas Víctor O. Sadras 《European Journal of Agronomy》2010,32(4):249-254
Olive oil yield and its components (fruit number, average fruit weight and fruit oil concentration) depend on crop load and source–sink ratios as affected by environmental conditions, management and the alternate bearing typical of the species. The aims of this work were to: (i) establish quantitative relationships between oil yield and its components as affected by fruit load in a high-yielding production system, (ii) analyse the dynamics of fruit weight and fruit oil concentration in terms of rates and durations, and (iii) explore the relationships between the dynamics of oil and water in fruit. In a fully irrigated olive orchard in Mendoza (32° S), Argentina, cv. Arbequina trees with similar crown volume and three fruit loads (3-fold range) were monitored during two seasons. Oil yield was positively associated with both fruit number and fruit fresh weight, but not with fruit oil concentration. Across seasons and fruit loads, fruit yield increased linearly with fruit number at ～1.5 kg per thousand fruit and reached a maximum ～60 kg tree?1 (or 25 t ha?1) at a fruit load of 32,700 fruit tree?1. The fruit filling rate was affected by fruit load, while the duration of fruit growth and the dynamics of oil and water concentration were unaffected by fruit load. Fruit water concentration reached a minimum at the onset of Stage III of fruit growth, which was marked by a rapid increase in oil concentration. Fruit fresh weight and oil weight increased with source–sink ratio from ～0.5 up to a threshold ～2 m3 crown per thousand fruit. In contrast, a 8-fold range of source–sink ratio did not affect fruit oil concentration. 相似文献
14.
Somaclonal variation for plant height, plant spread, leaf shape, leaf size, leaf form, herb yield, essential oil content and 10 important constituents of the essential oil was studied in an Indian cultivar, ‘Bourbon’ of rose‐scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Significantly larger variance was observed among in vitro‐regenerated plants of the SC1 generation (first generation following an in vitro phase) than among parental plants raised from stem cuttings for herb yield, plant height, leaf size, essential oil content, and for the contents of cis‐rose oxide, trans‐rose oxide, isomenthone and 10‐epi‐γ‐eudesmol in the essential oil. Plants of the SC1 generation showing values beyond the higher or lower limit (depending on the trait) of the range observed among parental plants for different traits were developed into clones by their multiplication through stem cuttings, and evaluated again in the SC2 generation (second generation following the in vitro phase). Somaclones selected for plant spread, and for the contents of linalool and trans‐rose oxide in their essential oils did not breed true in the SC2 generation. However, for the remaining traits studied, 13–100% of the selected clones retained their selected traits in the SC2 generation, suggesting that the changes in these somaclones were due to genetic causes. 相似文献
15.
The effects of inbreeding were studied in three oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) trials in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Congo). In selfings, marked inbreeding depression was observed for yield of fruit bunches, mean bunch weight and bunch number, but there was little effect on bunch composition. Most vegetative measurements were significantly affected by selfing, but leaf production rate and leaf area ratio were unaffected. Sib-crossing had less depressive effect than selfing, and in some families sib-crosses were superior to outcrosses. Where selection needs to be done within inbred families, our study suggests that leaf area ratio and bunch composition would be useful criteria. 相似文献
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17.
高油花生育种的前景与发展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
提高花生含油量的潜力很大,选育和推广高油分品种对提高单位面积产油量有着重大意义.选育适于特定生态条件下的高油分品种,是提高单位面积产油量的重要手段.应用和推广高油分品种必须制定合理的价格政策,实行优质优价,建立优质良种繁育基地,实现集中连片种植. 相似文献
18.
Rapeseed oil is rich in alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3) and has a low content in saturated fatty acids. It is therefore considered as a very healthy edible oil. However, its high polyunsaturated fatty acid content makes it sensitive to temperature oxidation and therefore not suitable for deep-frying. Low-linolenic varieties with C18:3 content lower than 3.5% have been bred, but a large variability of alpha-linolenic acid content has been often observed in agricultural production of these new lines. Identifying factors affecting the fatty acid profile of oilseed rape should make it possible to produce rapeseed with alpha-linolenic acid content lower than 2.5% and therefore more suitable for frying and other uses in the food industry.Fatty acid composition is affected by environmental conditions, temperature being the main factor. Previous works showed that for conventional double-low rapeseed varieties, low minimal temperatures during the 60 days following the onset of flowering were related to higher alpha-linolenic acid contents.Monitoring the fatty acid profile in low-linolenic varieties from the beginning of seed filling to full maturity showed that alpha-linolenic acid synthesis occurred mainly between 550 and 850 degree-days (base 0 °C) after the onset of flowering, that is during the 20 first days of seed filling in Swiss conditions, i.e. 41–60 days after the onset of flowering. During this period, the determination coefficient of a second order regression between final alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3) content and minimal daily temperature was even better, with R2 = 0.87. A significant positive relation was also found for the regression between minimal temperature and oleic acid (C18:1) content for the cultivar Splendor (R2 = 0.77) but no correlation could evidence a relation between temperature and linoleic acid (C18:2) content.An easier way to show the relationship between linolenic acid content and minimal temperatures is based on the assumption that fatty acid desaturases regulated by temperature are active at low temperatures only. It consists in counting how many times during this period daily minimal temperature reaches a minimal threshold temperature of 13 °C. The relationship between final alpha-linolenic acid content and the number of days with minimal temperature below 13 °C is as good as the one presented before, i.e. with a determination coefficient, R2 = 0.85. This simple model could be used to determine the growing areas with low linolenic acid content. 相似文献
19.
植物种子油脂的生物合成及代谢基础研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
植物种子油脂是由脂肪酸和甘油合成的高级脂肪酸甘油酯.以三酰甘油的形式储存于种子中.在种子发育过程中首先在质体中合成16或18碳饱和脂肪酸及油酸(C 18:1),接着这些脂肪酸进入内质网,脂肪酸碳链可延伸生成超长链脂肪酸或在脱饱和酶的催化下继续脱饱和生成多不饱和脂肪酸,最后各种脂肪酸与3-磷酸甘油结合生成三酰甘油.油脂合成和蛋白质合成所需的原料均来源于糖类物质的分解.油脂代谢与蛋白质代谢是否存在底物竞争及两者能否相互转化依种子的类型而定.此外,光照可以促进绿色油料种子中油脂的积累. 相似文献