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1.
Two commonly-used composts from dairy cow manure that are used to improve poor structure and fertility of desert soils have inhibitory effects on wheat seed germination, probably as a result of their high levels of humic acids. Inoculation of wheat seeds with two species of the plant growth-promoting bacteria Azospirillum brasilense Cd and A. lipoferum JA4 (separately) prior to sowing in these amended soils improved germination, similar to the natural level of germination of seeds in desert soil without compost amendment. Both compost amendments increased height of wheat seedlings in the range of 20–25%, increased shoot dry weight by 15–19%, but severely decreased (51–54% less) root dry weight. Inoculation of wheat seeds with A. brasilense Cd, but not with A. lipoferum JA4, significantly increased plant growth parameters (height, shoot and root dry weight) over control plants grown in soil-compost mixtures. This bacterial species could survive for a period of 20 days in compost humic acid solution, could increase its population when the humic acids served as the sole carbon source, and may change the composition of humic acids in which it grows. We suggest that inoculation with A. brasilense may alleviate noxious effects on germinating seeds caused by compost application by possibly transforming the composition of humic acids in the compost.  相似文献   

2.
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.  相似文献   

3.
This study examined the interactions between the inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, namely, Glomus intraradices, Glomus deserticola and Glomus mosseae, and the addition of a liquid organic amendment at different rates (0, 50, 100 or 300 mg C of liquid amendment per kilogram soil) obtained by alkaline extraction of composted dry olive residue with respect to their effects on growth of Retama sphaerocarpa seedlings and on some microbiological and physical properties of soil. One year after planting, both mycorrhizal inoculation treatments and the addition of amendment had increased plant growth and dehydrogenase, urease and benzoyl argininamide hydrolysing activities. The inoculation with G. mosseae increased plant growth to a greater extent than the addition of the amendment (about 35% greater than plants grown in the amended soil and about 79% greater than control plants) and both treatments produced similar increases in soil aggregate stability (about 31% higher than control soil). The organic amendment produced a very significant decrease in the levels of microbial biomass C and a strong increase in soil dehydrogenase and urease activities, which were proportional to the amendment rate. Only the combined treatment involving the addition of a medium dose of amendment (100 mg C kg−1 soil) and the mycorrhizal inoculation with G. intraradices or G. deserticola produced an additive effect on the plant growth with respect to the treatments applied individually (about 77% greater than plants grown in the amended soil and about 63% greater than inoculated plants).  相似文献   

4.
The objectives of this work were to (a) investigate the short-term effects of applications of mineral fertilizer, municipal solid waste (MSW) compost, and two sewage sludges (SSs) subjected to different treatments (composting and thermal drying) on microbial biomass and activity of soil by measuring microbial biomass C, adenosine 5′-triphosphate content, basal respiration, and dehydrogenase, catalase, urease, phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and N-α-benzoyl-l-argininamide-hydrolyzing activities and (b) explore the relationships between soil microbiological, biochemical, and chemical properties and wheat yields under semiarid field conditions by principal component analysis. The additions of MSW compost, SS compost, and thermally dried SS did not affect significantly soil microbial biomass, as compared to mineral fertilization and no amendment. However, microbial activity increased in organically amended soils, probably due to the stimulating effect of the added decomposing organic matter. Changes in soil microbiological and biochemical properties showed no significant relationships with wheat yields, probably because plant growth was primarily water-limited, as typically occurs in semiarid regions.  相似文献   

5.
Yang  Zhaoxue  Liang  Jie  Tang  Lin  Zeng  Guangming  Yu  Man  Li  Xiaodong  Li  Xuemei  Qian  Yingying  Wu  Haipeng  Luo  Yuan  Mo  Dan 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(4):1530-1539
Purpose

Heavy metal pollution in soils has become a global environmental concern. The combination of biochar and compost has already been proved to be an attractive method in contaminated soil. The objective was to study the sorption-desorption characteristics of Cd, Cu, and Zn onto soil amended with combined biochar-compost.

Materials and methods

In this study, the soil was amended with combinations of biochar and compost with different ratios at 10% (w/w). To determine the sorption-desorption behaviors of heavy metals by biochar-compost amendment with different ratios, we determine the effects of different ratios on soil properties and use batch experiments to investigate sorption-desorption behaviors of Cd, Cu, and Zn.

Results and discussion

The results show that the Langmuir and Freundlich model can well describe the adsorption isotherm of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the soils with or without biochar-compost combinations. The incorporation of amendment combinations into soil significantly promotes the sorption affinity of soil on metals. The sorption capacity of Cd and Zn was improved as the compost percentage rose in biochar-compost more likely due to the increase of organic matter and available phosphorus, while that of Cu was stronger with 10 and 20% biochar addition in biochar-compost combinations likely as the result of the formation of new specific adsorption sites and the mobile Cu adsorption in compost after adding a certain amount of biochar in amendment mixtures. Additionally, a certain proportion of biochar applied into amendment mixtures could suppress desorption of Cd and Cu by pH change, and the Zn desorption rate gradually decreased as the compost ratio increased in amendment mixtures.

Conclusions

The results indicated that the various ratios between biochar and compost have a significant effect on sorption-desorption of metals in soil, which helps us consider the effective combination of biochar and compost in soil.

  相似文献   

6.
Residues from some tree species may contain allelopathic chemicals that have the potential to inhibit plant growth and symbiotic N2-fixing microorganisms. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] was grown in pots to compare nodulation and N2-fixation responses of the following soil amendments: control soil, leaf compost, red oak (Quercus rubra L.) leaves, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) leaves, sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) leaves, black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) leaves, rye (Secale cereale L.) straw, and corn (Zea mays L.) stover. Freshly fallen leaves were collected from urban shade trees. Soil was amended with 20 g kg-1 air-dried, ground plant materials. Nodulating and nonnodulating isolines of Clark soybean were grown to the R2 stage to determine N2-fixation by the difference method. Although nodulation was not adversely affected, soybean grown on leaf-amended soil exhibited temporary N deficiency until nodulation. Nodule number was increased by more than 40% for soybean grown on amended soil, but nodule dry matter per plant generally was not changed compared with control soil. Nonnodulating plants were severely N deficient and stunted as a consequence of N immobilization. Nodulating soybean plants grown on leaf or crop residue amended soil were more dependent on symbiotically fixed N and had lower dry matter yields than the controls. When leaves were composted, the problem of N immobilization was avoided and dry matter yield was not reduced. No indication of an allelopathic inhibition on nodulation or N2-fixation from heavy application of oak, maple, sycamore, or walnut leaves to soil was observed.  相似文献   

7.
通过温室土培盆栽试验,研究了重金属镉污染土壤上连作油菜及施用堆肥对土壤中镉赋存形态及生物有效性的影响。结果表明：（1）在油菜连作体系下,施用堆肥显著降低油菜地上部镉含量。施用堆肥改变了土壤镉赋存形态,显著降低土壤易溶态和碳酸盐结合态镉含量而增加土壤铁锰氧化物结合态镉含量,从而降低土壤镉的生物有效性。（2）在相同堆肥处理下,种植两茬油菜后的土壤易溶态和碳酸盐结合态镉含量与不种植油菜的处理相比显著降低;而土壤硫化物及有机结合态镉含量较对照有所上升,种植油菜对土壤铁锰氧化物结合态镉和残渣态含量影响不显著,但是不同积累镉能力油菜朱苍花籽和川油Ⅱ-93之间对土壤镉形态的影响差异不显著。  相似文献   

8.
Four cultural amendments; spent mushroom compost, straw mulch, both compost and straw mulch, or neither, were applied to soils that were either fumigated or not fumigated in a field of potatoes subject to early dying and Colorado potato beetle defoliation. Two plant samples were harvested at two week intervals to measure shoot and tuber growth and mineral nutrition, and two rows were harvested for yield at maturity. Amending the soil with compost increased vegetative growth and shoot weight more than final yield of tubers. Compost amendment delayed tuber filling by several days. Fumigation partly controlled the loss of leaf area due to early dying, but it did not increase tuber yields, and in 1994 fumigation reduced tuber yield in compost amended soils. The effects of compost and straw mulch on tuber yield were related to the concentrations of N and P in leaves. The potato crop did not benefit from compost amendment combined with fumigation, because in fumigated soil there was no improvement in plant nutrition due to compost.  相似文献   

9.
Aims : The aim of this study was to explore interactive effects between quality (types) and quantity (application rates) of biochar as well as of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis on the growth of potato plants. Methods : A low P sandy loam soil was amended with 0%, 1.5%, or 2.5% (w/w) of either of 4 types of biochar, which were produced from wheat straw pellets (WSP) or miscanthus straw pellets (MSP) pyrolyzed at temperatures of either 550°C or 700°C. Potato plants grown in pots containing the soils or soil biochar mixture were inoculated with or without AM fungus (AMF), Rhizophagus irregularis. The experiment was carried out under fully irrigated semi‐field conditions and plants were harvested 101 days after planting. Results : Application of high temperature biochar decreased growth, biomass and tuber yield of potato plants, while the low temperature biochar had a similar effect on yield as plants grown without biochar amendment. Total biomass of potato plants were decreased with the increasing rate of biochar. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculation stimulated the growth of potato plants in all organs, increased tuber biomass significantly in 1.5% MSP700 amended plants, and to a lesser degree for WSP700, MSP550, and WSP550. In addition, plant biomass gain was linearly related to N, P, and K uptake, the ratio of P to N in the leaf of plants indicated that all treatments were mainly P‐limited. A multiple linear regression using P uptake and biochar rate as independent variables explained 91% of the variation in total biomass. The single effect of AMF inoculation, type and rate of biochar affected plant N, P and K uptake similarly. While AMF inoculation significantly increased P uptake in potato plants grown in soil with WSP700 or MSP700 despite of the rate of biochar. In general, application of biochar significantly increased AMF root colonization of potato plants. Conclusions : The application of MSP550 at 1.5% combined with AMF stimulated growth of potato the most. Furthermore, the results indicated that the interactive effect of AMF inoculation, biochar type and application rate on potato growth to a large extent could be explained by effects on plant nutrient uptake.  相似文献   

10.
Aspergillus niger-treated dry olive cake (DryOC) can be used as a soil organic amendment and the aim of this work was to study the effectiveness of this amendment and a Cd-adapted arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus in improving Trifolium repens growth and nutrition in Cd-contaminated soil. In a compartmentalized growth system, consisting of a root compartment (RC) and two hyphal compartments (HCs), we investigated the influence of the amendment on intraradical and extraradical AM fungi development. In addition, we studied the viability and infectivity of the detached extraradical mycelium in plants, designated as receptor plants, grown in the HC after removal of the RC. Both the amendment and the AM fungus increased shoot and root biomass and nodulation in both the non-contaminated and Cd-contaminated soils. The positive interaction between the microbiologically treated DryOC and the AM fungus resulted in the highest plant yield, which can be explained by enhanced nutrient acquisition and arbuscular richness as well as by the immobilisation of Cd in amended soils. However, A. niger-treated DryOC had no effect on the extraradical mycorrhizal mycelium development. Although Cd decreased AM hyphal length density, symbiotic infectivity was similar in receptor plants grown in non-contaminated and contaminated soil, thus confirming the AM fungal inoculum potential.The combination of the AM fungus and A. niger-treated DryOC increased plant tolerance to Cd in terms of plant growth and nutrition and can be regarded as an important strategy for reclaiming Cd-contaminated soils.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

The effect of organic amendment with sewage sludge composts of varying heavy metal content on the organic matter content and enzymatic activity of an agricultural soil supporting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crops was studied. The organic amendments did not improved lettuce growth, the contaminated composts having a negative effect on yield. However, all organic amendments improved barley straw yields although they did not affect grain yields. The addition of the organic materials increased the total carbohydrate content of the soil although this content decreased with cultivation. There was a clearly observed effect of crop type and the degree of heavy metal contamination of the amendment on the most labile carbon (C) fractions (water‐soluble C, carbohydrates, and polyphenolics). In general, soil enzymatic activities were stimulated by addition of sewage sludge compost with low heavy metal content. The compost containing high level of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) inhibited protease‐BAA activity with respect to the other composts. After cultivation, urease activity increased in soil amended with the high dose of composts, regardless their degree of metallic contamination. Both crop type and metallic contamination contained in the organic materials added influenced phosphatase and ß‐glucosidase activity.  相似文献   

12.
Azolla microphylla Kaulf. (Azolla) biomass was composted to create a high nitrogen (N) organic matter amendment (Azolla compost). We examined the effect of this Azolla compost on carbon (C) and N mineralization and the production of biogenic gases, nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), in a soil incubation experiment. A pot experiment with upland kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) examined plant growth in silt loam soil treated with three levels of Azolla compost. The results showed that N2O production from soil increased with urea amendment, but not with Azolla compost treatments. The Azolla-amended soil showed enhanced CO2 production throughout the 4-week incubation. The Azolla-treated soils showed a 98% lower global warming potential compared to urea treatment over the 4-week incubation. However, Azolla-amended soil had higher nitrate (NO3–) levels compared to urea-fertilized soil at 1 week of incubation, and these were maintained until the fourth week. Soils amended with Azolla compost showed lower ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) levels than those in the urea-fertilized soils. The height and dry weight of upland kangkong fertilized with Azolla compost were similar to plants receiving urea fertilization. Therefore, the use of Azolla compost as a substitute for urea fertilizer would be beneficial for reducing the production of N2O while maintaining plant growth.  相似文献   

13.
This work evaluates the mid-term impact of the addition of large amounts of an organic amendment on the recovery of the physical, chemical and, particularly, the microbiological properties of a marginal semiarid degraded soil and on increasing the soil organic C pool. In order to perform this study, a semiarid degraded soil was treated with composted urban waste at doses equivalent to the addition of 1% (S + CCD1) and 3% (S + CCD2) of organic C (Corg). Changes in soil characteristics in the amended soils were evaluated with respect to a control soil without organic amendment for a period of 5 years after the organic amendment was applied. A spontaneous vegetal cover developed on both amended and unamended soils 3–4 months after the organic amendments were added, yet the level of vegetal biodiversity was lower in the amended plots. Compost-amended soils showed higher concentrations of Corg, water-soluble C and water-soluble carbohydrates than the control soil throughout the experimental period. Furthermore, all of these C fractions were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in S + CCD2 than in S + CCD1 and the control soil. However, compost addition also increased soil electrical conductivity and nitrate content, particularly at the higher dose. Likewise, compost addition produced a 4- to 10-fold increase in soil heavy metal concentrations, although the levels of heavy metal were under the limits allowed in soils. Five years after the organic amendment was added, the soil water holding capacity, stable aggregate percentage, porosity and nutrient and humic substance and humic acid content were greater in amended soils than in control soil, and the higher dose produced greater increases than the lower dose. Soils receiving the highest dose of compost also showed the highest values of basal respiration, dehydrogenase activity and β-glucosidase and phosphatase activity, as well as a greater abundance of total PLFAs, bacterial and fungal PLFAs, and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. A greater level of functional diversity was also observed in amended soils, particularly in the soil receiving the higher dose of compost. It can be concluded that the addition of high doses of compost can be a suitable strategy for restoring semiarid degraded soils and for fixing C in these soils, provided that the organic material is of high quality and has a low concentration of heavy metals.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

Beneficial uses of a yard‐waste compost as a soil amendment and plant‐growth medium were evaluated on a highly weathered, acid soil (Ustic Kanhaplohumult), using corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings as a test crop. First, factors responsible for the soil's infertility were identified in a greenhouse experiment consisting of five phosphorus (P) rates (0, 75, 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg) with or without 1.0 g calcium (Ca)/g (2 tons Ca/ha) as gypsum (CaSO4‐2H2O) or calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. At no or low P additions, severe growth restrictions (low dry matter production and shoot P concentration <0.10%) irrespective of the Ca amendments indicated that P deficiency was the most growth limiting factor in this tropical soil. Subsequently, P sorption isotherms were constructed for the soil, the compost, and soilxompost mixtures by equilibrating 1.0 g soil in 20 mL 0.001M calcium chloride (CaCl2) containing various P concentrations. The results showed that in the unamended state, the soil supported only 0.01 mg P/L, the compost 9.5 mg P/L, and the mixtures containing 25%, 50% or 75% compost by volume 0.04, 0.06, or 0.10 mg P/L in the soil solution, respectively. Approximately 300 mg P/kg must be added to the unamended soil to maintain 0.20 mg P/L in the soil solution. Finally, effects of the compost amendment were studied by growing corn in various volumetric mixtures containing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% compost. Best growth was obtained when compost fractions were >75%, corresponding to approximately 0.20% P in the plant shoots and 40 mg/kg Mehlich‐1‐extractable P.  相似文献   

15.
Plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi utilize more soluble phosphorus from soil mineral phosphate than non-inoculated plants. However, there is no information on the response of soil microflora to mineral phosphate weathering by AM fungi and, in particular, on the catabolic diversity of soil microbial communities.The AM fungus, Glomus intraradices was examined for (i) its effect on the growth of Acacia holosericea, (ii) plant-available phosphate and (iii) soil microbial activity with and without added rock phosphate.After 4-months culture, AM fungal inoculation significantly increased the plant biomasses (by 1.78× and 2.23× for shoot and root biomasses, respectively), while mineral phosphate amendment had no effect in a sterilized soil. After 12-months culture, the biomasses of A. holosericea plants growing in a non-sterilized soil amended with mineral phosphate were significantly higher than those recorded in the control treatment (by 2.5× and 5× for shoot and root biomasses, respectively). The fungal inoculation also significantly stimulated plant growth, which was significantly higher than that measured in the mineral phosphate treatment. When G. intraradices and mineral phosphate were added together to the soil, shoot growth were significantly stimulated over the single treatments (inoculation or amendment) (1.45×). The P leaf mineral content was also higher in the G. intraradices+mineral phosphate treatment than in G. intraradices or rock phosphate amendment. Moreover, the number of fluorescent pseudomonads has been significantly increased when G. intraradices and/or mineral phosphate were added to the soil. By using a specific type of multivariate analysis (co-inertia analysis), it has been shown that plant growth was positively correlated to the metabolization of ketoglutaric acid, and negatively linked to the metabolisation of phenylalanine and other substrates, which shows that microbial activity is also affected.G. intraradices inoculation is highly beneficial to the growth of A. holosericea plants in controlled conditions. This AM symbiosis optimises the P solubilization from the mineral phosphate and affects microbial activity in the hyphosphere of A. holosericea plants.  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT

Plant residue material produced compost is an organic fertilizer source and it is commonly used for soil amendments. Also in order to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers need mycorrhizal inoculation can be used as an agricultural strategy. Thus, the aim of the research is to examine the effect of several residue materials produced compost and mycorrhizae fungi with two growth media on leek plant growth, nutrient uptake, and mycorrhizae spores’ production.

Eight different row organic materials and animal manures were used as compost production during 8 months. Leek (Allium porrum L.) plants were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and Claroideoglomus etunicatum with a level of 1000-spore per pot. The leek plant was analyzed for determination of nutrient concentration, root colonization, spore production, and shoot/root dry weight.

The composts were made from domestic waste, animal manure (bovine animal), animal manure (ovine animal), and different plant materials were determined to be the most suitable compost material for plant growth and mycorrhizal spore production compared to the rest of compost material. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased leek plant growth and nutrient uptake especially phosphorus (P), potassium (K), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Plants grown in 5:3:2 (volume/volume) growth media was responded better to the mycorrhizal inoculation than grown in 1:1:1 (v/v) growth media. Funneliformis mosseae inoculated plants have higher plant growth and nutrient uptake than that of Claroideoglomus etunicatum inoculation.  相似文献   

17.
 The restoration of soil microbial activities is a basic step in the reclamation of burnt soils. For this reason, the ability of municipal solid waste compost to accelerate the re-establishment of bacterial and fungal populations, as well as to re-establish physical properties in a burnt soil, was evaluated in a field experiment. Four treatments were performed by adding different doses of compost (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 kg compost m–2 soil) to a burnt Calcic Rodoxeralf soil, and the changes in microbial populations, salt content, aggregate stability and bulk density were evaluated for 1 year. Initially, the addition of compost had a negative effect on soil microbial populations, but 3 months after compost addition, the number of viable fungal propagules increased in all the amended soils. This positive effect lasted until the end of the experiment. From 30 days onwards, all the amended soils showed a greater total number of bacterial cell forming units than the unamended burnt soil. Organic amendment increased the percentage of 2- to 4-mm aggregates, although the effect on the stability of the 0.2- to 2-mm aggregates and on bulk density was less noticeable. Received: 24 November 1999  相似文献   

18.
Owing to their potential advantages such as waste reduction, recycling, and economic attributes, fast-growing bioenergy crops have the capacity to effectively phytoremediate heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, little is known about the role of microbial and chemical amendments in phytoremediation using bioenergy crops. Here, we studied the contributions of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Acaulospora mellea ZZ and three soil amendments, i.e., hydroxyapatite (HAP), manure, and biochar, at doses of 0.1% and 1% (weight:weight) to heavy metal phytoremediation using sweet sorghum grown on an abandoned agricultural soil, with environmentally realistic contamination (2.6 mg kg-1 Cd, 1 796 mg kg-1 Pb, and 1 603 mg kg-1 Zn), in a plant growth chamber. Mycorrhizal colonization, plant biomass and metal accumulation, metal availability, and soil pH were determined in harvested seedlings 12 weeks after sowing. The results showed that root colonization by indigenous AMF decreased by 28%-46% with HAP, but increased after manure and biochar applications as compared to the no amendment control (CK). The AMF inoculation increased root colonization rates by 16%-128% and in particular, alleviated the inhibition of HAP. The remediation effects were highly dependent on the amendment type and dose. Among the three soil amendments, HAP was the most effective in promoting plant growth and phytostabilization of Cd, Pb, and Zn and phytoextraction of Cd, particularly at a dose of 1%. Compared to CK, 1% HAP decreased DTPA-extractable Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in soil by 31%-43%, 30%-38%, and 22%-23%, respectively. Manure and biochar also exerted positive effects on heavy metal immobilization, as indicated by lower DTPA extractability, but only the 1% manure treatment showed plant growth-promoting effect. The AMF inoculation did not affect plant growth, but increased soil pH and induced synergistic interactions with amendments on the immobilization of Cd and Pb. In conclusion, soil amendments, particularly HAP, produced positive impacts and synergistic interactions with AMF on the phytostabilization of heavy metals using sweet sorghum. Accordingly, sweet sorghum combined with soil amendments and AMF may be an effective strategy for heavy metal phytoremediation.  相似文献   

19.
直流电场与添加剂强化东南景天修复镉污染土壤   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过盆栽试验,研究交换直流电场(电压梯度1.0 V cm-1、通电时间6 h d-1)和添加剂(15 g kg-1猪粪堆肥、10 g kg-1腐殖酸肥或5 mmol kg-1乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)对超积累植物——东南景天修复镉污染土壤的影响。结果表明,施加直流电场和添加剂均显著(p0.05)提高土壤有效态镉含量,促进东南景天对镉的吸收转运。在电场作用下,东南景天地上部镉含量提高26.6%~47.5%;在添加剂(猪粪堆肥、腐殖酸肥、EDTA)作用下,东南景天地上部镉含量分别提高22.9%~33.1%、14.3%~29.4%和6.1%~12.0%。双向切换电场方向能有效控制土壤pH的剧烈变化,施加直流电场对东南景天地上部生物量无显著影响。施加15 g kg-1猪粪堆肥和10 g kg-1腐殖酸肥显著提高东南景天地上部生物量,增幅分别为40.3%~43.7%和16.3%~18.2%,但是,添加5 mmol kg-1EDTA却显著抑制东南景天的生长,东南景天地上部生物量减少7.3%~7.5%。综合东南景天地上部镉含量和生物量,在猪粪堆肥―交换直流电场和腐殖酸肥―交换直流电场的联合作用下,东南景天地上部镉积累量分别提高了135%和100%,因此,猪粪堆肥和腐殖酸肥联合交换直流电场可显著促进东南景天对镉的吸收积累,提高东南景天修复镉污染土壤的效率。  相似文献   

20.
Previous studies have reported positive, negative, or neutral effects on maize yield by the application of biochar and/or compost in the presence or absence of inorganic fertilization. This study investigated the influence of biochar, compost, and mixtures of the two, along with N fertilization, on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and nutrient status in two agricultural Mediterranean soils. Biochars (BC) were produced from grape pomace (GP) and rice husks (RH) by pyrolysis at 300°C (BC-GP; BC-RH). Maize was grown for 30 days after seedling emergence in a greenhouse pot trial in two Mediterranean soils (Sandy Loam-SL and Loam-L) amended with biochar or/and compost (BC-GP+compost; BC-RH+compost) at 2% (w/w) application rate with nitrogen (N) fertilization. The addition of BC-GP amendment resulted in the highest increase of aboveground dry weight (16 g/pot) compared to the control (6.27 g/pot) in SL soil, whereas in L soil the highest increase of aboveground dry weight resulted from BC-RH+compost (13.03 g/pot) compared to the control (2.43 g/pot). The addition of BC-GP+compost significantly increased phosphorus (P) concentration of the aboveground and belowground tissues only in L soil. Potassium (K) concentration of aboveground and belowground tissues significantly increased almost by all the amendments with the greatest increase being observed after the addition of BC-GP+compost in SL soil. To conclude, biochar addition could enhance plant growth, although soil conditions, type of biochar and additional fertilization should receive special attention in order to be used as a tool for sustainable agriculture.  相似文献   

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