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1.
Twenty-four crossbred Florida native wether lambs, 28 kg initially, were assigned randomly to a basal diet (31 ppm Mn dry matter basis) supplemented with either 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm Mn from feed grade MnO or 2,000, 4,000 or 8,000 ppm Mn from reagent grade MnCO3. There were three sheep/treatment, with ad libitum access to feed and tap water. After 84 d, all animals were slaughtered and tissues removed for analysis. Dietary Mn at the highest levels from either source reduced (P less than .05) average daily feed intake and average daily gain. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were not affected by dietary Mn. Manganese concentration in kidney, spleen, heart, skeletal muscle, bone, serum (P less than .01) and liver (P less than .05) increased as dietary Mn increased. Kidney P was reduced (P less than .05) as dietary Mn increased; however, no other tissue minerals were affected. At comparable levels of supplementation, sheep fed feed-grade MnO exhibited numerically greater tissue Mn concentration than did those fed reagent-grade MnCO3 and regression analysis indicated higher rates of tissue uptake in MnO-supplemented sheep. Reduced feed intake and gain and apparent Mn homeostatic failure in liver were the only observed effects that may have been related to Mn toxicosis.  相似文献   

2.
用1日龄Arbor Acres雏鸡180只(公母各半),分成6组,分别喂以含Mn18ppm的玉米—豆饼基础饲粮和含Mn50、90、130、280和2840ppm的添加Mn饲粮28天,研究饲粮不同Mn水平对肉仔鸡生长、腿病发生率、某些血浆生化指标与免疫参数的影响。随饲粮Mn水平的提高,鸡体增重在90ppm时增至最大(P>0.05),然后到2840ppm时降至最低(P<0.05),采食量有类似趋势(P<0.05或0.01),饲料效率无明显变化(P>0.05);腿病发生率由基础饲组的56.7％逐渐降低到130ppm以上的10％左右;血浆葡萄糖浓度和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性分别在280ppm和2840ppm时增至最大(P<0.01),血浆总胆固醇、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白浓度和血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)活性未受到显著影响(P>0.05);胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏重量及血清H.I.抗体滴度无明显变化(P>0.05);肝、胰和跖骨灰Mn浓度线性上升(P<0.05或0.01),其中以跖骨灰Mn反应最敏感。  相似文献   

3.
为评价肉仔鸡日粮中不同形态锰源的相对生物学利用率,采用2×5完全随机试验设计,选择玉米—豆粕型基础日粮(锰含量为37.66mg/kg),添加2种锰源(复合氨基酸螯合锰和硫酸锰)和5个锰添加水平(0、45、90、130、180mg/kg),构成10个日粮处理组,将540只1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为10个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复18只鸡,公母各半,开展为期42d的肉仔鸡饲养试验。分别于21、42日龄时,取各组试验鸡的肝脏、肾脏及左侧胫骨,采用原子吸收分光光度计测定肝脏、肾脏组织以及胫骨的锰浓度。将各组织锰含量与日粮锰进食量进行多元线性回归方程拟合,采用斜率比法计算复合氨基酸锰相对无机硫酸锰的生物学利用率。结果表明,饲粮中添加锰可显著增加肝脏、肾脏和胫骨锰含量,尤以胫骨锰含量反映最敏感,呈明显的剂量效应(P<0.01);相比肝脏锰和肾脏锰含量,21日龄胫骨锰含量可作为评价锰利用率的有效指标;采用斜率比法估测的复合氨基酸螯合锰的相对生物学利用率要略高于饲料级硫酸锰。研究结果为有机锰添加剂在禽生产上的合理应用提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

4.
The effects of dietary levels of manganese (Mn) in inorganic (MnO) and organic (Mn fumarate) forms were evaluated on cockerel chicks. A basal corn-soybean diet with 23 mg/kg Mn was supplemented with levels of 0, 30, 60 and 240 ppm Mn from both Mn sources. Each treatment was replicated in five pens of 10 chicks. The chicks were fed diets ad libitum from 14 to 49 days of age, after which five birds per treatment were sacrificed for pathomorphological examinations and analysis. The treatments did not exert significant effects on the body weight (BW), the feed/gain (F/G) ratio or the mortality rate. According to the necropsy findings, no growth retardation or emaciation occurred in either of the groups and the differences in the average absolute and relative organ weights were not significant (P > 0.05). Tissue analysis indicated that the tibia showed the greatest response to Mn, followed by the liver and kidney. Accumulation in the tibia was higher (P < 0.05) with supplements of 30, 60 and 240 mg/kg from both Mn sources (3.71, 3.78, 4.44, and 3.68, 4.00, 4.36 mg/kg DM, MnO and Mn fumarate, respectively) compared to the control group (3.21 mg/kg). Accumulation in the liver increased significantly (P < 0.05) only with supplements of 60 and 240 ppm independently of the Mn source (12.7, 14.2, and 14.0, 14.9 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control (9.8 mg/kg). Similarly, kidney tissue Mn was higher (P < 0.05) only with supplements of 60 and 240 ppm (12.8, 12.8, and 13.1, 12.5 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control (10.2 mg/kg). At the same level of supplementation of the two Mn sources there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the Mn concentrations of organs and tissues. Droppings sensitively reflected the intake, whereas blood plasma and feathers showed only the extreme Mn loading.  相似文献   

5.
为研究不同锰源与锰水平对肉仔鸡的生产性能与组织矿物元素沉积的影响,试验采用2×5完全随机试验设计,在玉米—豆粕型基础日粮(锰含量为37.66mg/kg)中添加0、45、90、130、180mg/kg(5个锰添加水平)的复合氨基酸锰和硫酸锰(2种锰源),构成10个日粮处理组,将540只1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为10个处理组,开展肉仔鸡饲养试验(共42d)。于35日龄时测定其生产性能指标,计算料肉比;于42日龄时测定其胫骨、肝脏、肾脏组织中铜、铁、锌浓度以及胫骨灰分、钙及磷含量。结果表明,在上述日粮中,锰添加量在45~130mg/kg时,无论是添加复合氨基酸锰组还是添加硫酸锰组35日龄肉仔鸡体重和采食量较未添加组差异显著(P≤0.05),经分析,锰水平对其平均体重及采食量有极显著影响(P<0.01);不同锰源的35日龄肉仔鸡体重、采食量、料肉比差异不显著(P >0.05)。42日龄肉仔鸡胫骨、肝脏、肾脏组织中铜、锌、铁含量及胫骨灰分、钙磷含量未受锰源和锰水平及两者互作的显著影响(P >0.05)。由以上结果可以得出,锰水平对肉仔鸡生长性能有极显著影响(P<0.01);锰源对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响(P >0.05);锰源和锰水平及两者互作对肉仔鸡组织矿物元素沉积无显著影响(P >0.05)。  相似文献   

6.
Three hundred sixteen crossbred pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect of supplemental manganese source and dietary inclusion level during the growing-finishing period on performance and pork carcass characteristics. All pigs were blocked by weight, and treatments were assigned randomly to pens within blocks. In Exp. 1, a total of 20 pens (five pigs/pen) was randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments consisting of control grower and finisher diets, or control diets supplemented with either 350 or 700 ppm (as-fed basis) Mn either from MnSO4 or a Mn AA complex (MnAA). In Exp. 2, a total of 36 pens (six pigs per pen) was assigned randomly to one of six dietary treatments formulated with 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, or 320 ppm (as-fed basis) Mn from MnAA. Pigs were slaughtered when the lightest block averaged 120.0 kg (Exp. 1) or at a mean BW of 106.8 kg (Exp. 2). Neither ADG nor ADFI was affected (P > 0.21) by Mn source or high inclusion level (Exp. 1); however, across the entire feeding trial, pigs consuming 320 ppm Mn from MnAA were more (P < 0.04) efficient than pigs fed diets formulated with 20 to 160 ppm Mn from MnAA (Exp. 2). Color scores did not differ (P > 0.79) at the low inclusion (20 to 320 ppm Mn) levels used in Exp. 2; however, in Exp. 1, the LM from pigs fed Mn tended to receive higher (P = 0.10) American color scores than that of pigs fed the control diet, and Japanese color scores were higher for the LM from pigs fed diets containing 350 ppm Mn from MnAA than 350 Mn from ppm MnSO4 or 700 ppm Mn from MnAA (source x inclusion level; P = 0.04; Exp. 2). Chops of pigs fed 350 ppm Mn from MnAA were darker than the LM of pigs fed 350 ppm Mn from MnSO4, and 700 ppm Mn from MnAA diets (source x inclusion level; P = 0.03; Exp. 1), but L* values were not (P = 0.76) affected by lower MnAA inclusion levels (Exp. 2). Even though the LM tended to became redder as dietary MnAA inclusion level increased from 20 to 320 ppm Mn (linear effect; P < 0.10), a* values were not (P = 0.71) altered by including 350 or 700 ppm Mn (Exp. 1). Chops of pigs fed MnAA had lower cooking losses (P = 0.01) and shear force values (P = 0.07) after 2 d of aging than did chops from pigs fed diets formulated with MnSO4. Results from these experiments indicate that feeding 320 to 350 ppm Mn from MnAA during the growing-finishing period may enhance pork quality without adversely affecting pig performance or carcass composition.  相似文献   

7.
Crossbred barrows and gilts (n = 168) were used to test the effects of supplemental Mn during the growing-finishing period on performance, pork carcass characteristics, and pork quality during 7 d of retail display. Pigs were blocked by BW and allotted within blocks to pens (5 pigs/pen in blocks 1, 2, 5, and 6, and 4 pigs/pen in blocks 3 and 4). A total of 36 pens was randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments, where the basal diets were formulated with (PC) or without (NC) Mn in the mineral premix, and supplemented with 0 or 350 ppm (as-fed basis) of Mn from MnSO4 or a Mn-AA complex (AvMn). Pigs were slaughtered at a commercial pork packing plant when the lightest block of pigs averaged 113.6 kg. During fabrication, boneless pork loins were collected and transported to Oklahoma State University, where 2.5-cm-thick LM chops were packaged in a modified atmosphere (80% O2 and 20% CO2) and subsequently placed in display cases (2 to 4 degrees C) under continuous fluorescent lighting (1,600 lx) for 7 d. Pig performance was not (P > or = 0.44) affected by supplemental Mn; however, during the grower-II phase, pigs fed the basal diets including Mn consumed less (P < 0.02) feed and tended to be more efficient (P < 0.09) than pigs fed the basal diets devoid of Mn. Throughout the entire feeding trial, neither dietary nor supplemental Mn altered (P > or = 0.22) ADG, ADFI, or G:F. Chops from pigs fed the diets supplemented with MnSO4 received greater (P < or = 0.05) lean color scores and had a redder (greater a* and hue angle values), more vivid color than chops from pigs fed the diets supplemented with AvMn. Additionally, LM chops from pigs fed the PC diets supplemented with MnSO4 were darker (lower L* values; P < 0.05) than chops from pigs fed the NC diets or PC diets supplemented with 0 or 350 ppm of AvMn. Even though discoloration scores were similar during the first 4 d of display, chops from pigs fed the PC diets supplemented with MnSO4 were less (P < 0.05) discolored on d 6 and 7 of retail display than chops from pigs fed the PC or NC diets and diets supplemented with AvMn (dietary treatment x display time, P = 0.04). Results of this study indicate that feeding an additional 350 ppm of Mn from MnSO4 above the maintenance requirements of growing-finishing pigs does not beneficially affect live pig performance but may improve pork color and delay discoloration of pork during retail display.  相似文献   

8.
Lu L  Luo XG  Ji C  Liu B  Yu SX 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(3):812-822
An experiment was conducted using a total of 336 one-day-old, Arbor Acres commercial male broilers to investigate the effect of dietary Mn supplementation on carcass traits, meat quality, lipid oxidation, relative enzyme activities in abdominal fat and meat, and Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA level in meat. Broilers were randomly allotted by BW to 1 of 8 replicate cages (6 chicks per cage) for each of 7 treatments in a completely randomized design involving a 2 x 3 factorial + 1 arrangement of treatments. Dietary treatments included the corn-soybean meal-based diet (control) and the basal diet supplemented with 100 or 200 mg of Mn/kg as MnSO(4) x H(2)O, Mn AA A with a chelation strength of 26.3 formation quotient (8.34% Mn), or Mn AA B with a chelation strength of 45.3 formation quotient (6.48% Mn). Birds fed supplemental Mn had lower (P < 0.10) percentages of abdominal fat, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and malate dehydrogenase activities and greater (P < 0.07) hormone-sensitive lipase activities in abdominal fat than birds fed a control diet. Birds fed supplemental Mn from Mn AA A or Mn AA B had lower (P < 0.05) LPL activities in abdominal fat than those fed supplemental MnSO(4) x H(2)O. Birds fed supplemental Mn had lower (P < 0.03) malondialdehyde content in leg muscle and greater (P < 0.02) MnSOD activities and MnSOD mRNA level in breast or leg muscle than those fed the control diet. Birds fed supplemental Mn from Mn AA A had a greater (P < 0.02) MnSOD mRNA level in leg muscle than those fed supplemental MnSO(4) x H(2)O. Results from this study indicated that organic Mn was more available than inorganic Mn for decreasing LPL activity in abdominal fat of broilers, and dietary Mn might reduce abdominal adipose deposition by decreasing LPL and malate dehydrogenase activities or increasing hormone-sensitive lipase activity in abdominal adipose tissue. The results also indicated that dietary Mn upregulated muscle MnSOD gene expression pretranslationally in association with increased MnSOD activity, which might explain the decrease of malondialdehyde content in leg muscle.  相似文献   

9.
Two experiments were conducted with chicks to examine the effect of high dietary levels of soluble sources of Zn on tissue Zn, Cu, and Fe concentrations as influenced by two methods of oral Zn administration from 14 to 21 d of age. Treatments included the basal diet (62 ppm Zn), basal diet supplemented with 1,000 ppm Zn from Zn sulfate, acetate, or chloride fed continuously, or basal diet plus crop intubation with a single oral dose of water (control) or 1,000 ppm Zn dietary equivalent from the sources based on feed intake from the previous day. In Exp. 2, crop-intubated doses were administered daily from 14 to 21 d of age. In Exp. 1, chicks given Zn by gavage decreased (P < .0001) feed intake at 24 h after oral dose compared with chicks fed either the control or high-Zn diets. After the gavage dosing stopped, feed intake was similar among treatments. Bone Zn was increased (P < .0001) by Zn source and was greater at 24 than at 168 h after dosing by gavage. In chicks given a single gavage dose of Zn, liver and kidney Zn measured at 24 h after oral dosing was greater (P < .0001) than at 168 h. In birds given a single oral dose of Zn, time x Zn source interactions were observed in pancreas (P < .0001), mucosal cells (P < .01), and remaining intestinal tract segments (P < .001). In Exp. 2, greater bone, pancreas, kidney (P < .0001), and liver (P < .001) Zn accumulations were observed in chicks given daily gavage doses of Zn compared with those fed Zn in diets. Zinc from the four sources was absorbed and stored in tissues to a similar extent.  相似文献   

10.
Weanling pigs (n = 160) were used to evaluate dietary essential microminerals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn) on performance, tissue minerals, and liver and plasma enzymatic activities during a 35-d postweaning period. A randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 8 replicates was used in this study. Organic microminerals were added to complex nursery diets at 0 (basal), 50, 100, or 150% of the requirements of microminerals listed by the 1998 NRC. A fifth treatment contained inorganic microminerals at 100% NRC and served as the positive control. Pigs were bled at intervals with hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), glutathione peroxidase, and ceruloplasmin activities determined. Six pigs at weaning and 1 pig per pen at d 35 were killed, and the liver, heart, loin, kidney, pancreas, and the frontal lobe of the brain were collected for micromineral analysis. The liver was frozen in liquid N for determination of enzymatic activities. The analyzed innate microminerals in the basal diet met the NRC requirement for Cu and Mn but not Fe, Se, and Zn. Performance was not affected from 0 to 10 d postweaning, but when microminerals were added to diets, ADG, ADFI, and G:F improved (P < 0.01) from 10 to 35 d and for the overall 35-d period. Pigs fed the basal diet exhibited parakeratosis-like skin lesions, whereas those fed the supplemental microminerals did not. This skin condition was corrected after a diet with the added microminerals was fed. When the basal diet was fed, Hb and Hct declined, but supplemental microminerals increased Hb and Hct values. Liver catalase activity increased (P < 0.01) when microminerals were fed. The Mn superoxide dismutase activity tended to decline quadratically (P = 0.06) when supplemental microminerals were fed above that of the basal diet. Liver plasma glutathione peroxidase activities were greater (P < 0.01) when dietary organic and inorganic micromineral were fed. Liver concentrations of microminerals increased linearly (P < 0.01) as dietary microminerals increased, indicating that the liver was the primary storage organ. Micromineral tissue concentrations were least in pigs fed the basal diet and increased (quadratic, P < 0.01) to the 50% level of organic microminerals in the various tissues collected. The results indicated that innate microminerals, Cu and Mn, from a complex nursery diet may meet the micromineral needs of the weaned pig, but the need for Fe, Se, or Zn was not met by the basal diet.  相似文献   

11.
Benefits of feeding pharmacological concentrations of zinc (Zn) provided by Zn oxide (ZnO) to 21-d conventionally weaned pigs in the nursery have been documented; however, several management questions remain. We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effect on growth from feeding 3,000 ppm Zn as ZnO during different weeks of the nursery period. In Exp. 1 (n = 138, 11.5 d of age, 3.8 kg BW) and Exp. 2 (n = 246, 24.5 d of age, 7.2 kg BW), pigs were fed either basal diets containing 100 ppm supplemental Zn (adequate) or the same diet with an additional 3,000 ppm Zn (high) supplied as ZnO. Pigs were fed four or two dietary phases in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively, that changed in dietary ingredients and nutrient content (lysine and crude protein) to meet the changing physiological needs of the pigs for the 28-d nursery period. Dietary Zn treatments were 1) adequate Zn fed wk 1 to 4, 2) high Zn fed wk 1, 3) high Zn fed wk 2, 4) high Zn fed wk 1 and 2, 5) high Zn fed wk 2 and 3, and 6) high Zn fed wk 1 to 4. In Exp. 1 and 2, pigs fed high Zn for wk 1 and 2 or the entire 28-d nursery period had the greatest (P < .05) ADG. During any week, pigs fed high Zn had greater concentrations of hepatic metallothionein and Zn in plasma, liver, and kidney than those pigs fed adequate Zn (P < .05). In summary, both early- and traditionally weaned pigs need to be fed pharmacological concentrations of Zn provided as ZnO for a minimum of 2 wk immediately after weaning to enhance growth.  相似文献   

12.
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding pharmacological concentrations of zinc (Zn), from organic and inorganic sources, on growth performance, plasma and tissue Zn accumulation, and Zn excretion of nursery pigs. Blood from all pigs was collected for plasma Zn determination on d 14 in Exp. 1, d 7 and 28 in Exp. 2, and d 15 in Exp. 3. In Exp. 1, 2, and 3, 90, 100, and 15 crossbred (GenetiPorc USA, LLC, Morris, MN) pigs were weaned at 24+/-0.5, 18, and 17 d of age (6.45, 5.47, and 5.3 kg avg initial BW), respectively, and allotted to dietary treatment based on initial weight, sex, and litter. A Phase 1 nursery diet was fed as crumbles from d 0 to 14 in Exp. 1, 2, and 3, and a Phase 2 nursery diet was fed as pellets from d 15 to 28 in Exp. 1 and 2. The Phase 1 and Phase 2 basal diets were supplemented with 100 ppm Zn as ZnSO4. Both dietary phases contained the same five dietary treatments: 150 ppm additional Zn as zinc oxide (ZnO), 500 ppm added Zn as ZnO, 500 ppm added Zn as a Zn-amino acid complex (Availa-Zn 100), 500 ppm added Zn as a Zn-polysaccharide complex (SQM-Zn), and 3,000 ppm added Zn as ZnO. Overall in Exp. 1, pigs fed 500 ppm added Zn as SQM-Zn or 3,000 ppm added Zn as ZnO had greater ADG (P < 0.05) than pigs fed 150 ppm, 500 ppm added Zn as ZnO, or 500 ppm added Zn as Availa-Zn 100 (0.44 and 0.46 kg/d vs 0.35, 0.38, and 0.33 kg/d respectively). Overall in Exp. 2, pigs fed 3,000 ppm added Zn as ZnO had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI than pigs fed any other dietary treatment. On d 14 of Exp. 1 and d 28 of Exp. 2, pigs fed 3,000 ppm added Zn as ZnO had higher (P < 0.05) plasma Zn concentrations than pigs on any other treatment. In Exp. 3, fecal, urinary, and liver Zn concentrations were greatest (P < 0.05) in pigs fed 3,000 ppm added Zn as ZnO. On d 10 to 15 of Exp. 3, pigs fed 3,000 ppm added Zn as ZnO had the most negative Zn balance (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the other four dietary Zn treatments. In conclusion, feeding 3,000 ppm added Zn as ZnO improves nursery pig performance; however, under certain nursery conditions the use of 500 ppm added Zn as SQM-Zn may also enhance performance. The major factor affecting nutrient excretion appears to be dietary concentration, independent of source.  相似文献   

13.
Growing male Synthetic I (1/2 Finnish Landrace x 1/4 Dorset x 1/4 Rambouillet) lambs were used in two experiments (64 lambs in Exp. 1 and 63 in Exp. 2) to test the hypothesis that dietary CP level (9 or 14% of diet as fed) and(or) clinoptilolite (clino; 0 or 2% of diet) affects growth and tissue mineral concentrations of growing lambs fed supplemental Cu. Lambs were individually fed their respective diets ad libitum and killed after 12 wk (Exp. 1) or 16 wk (Exp. 2) to obtain carcass measurements, organ weights and liver mineral concentrations. In Exp. 1, 20 ppm added Cu (as CuSO4.5H2O) increased mortality and depressed BW gain (P less than .01) and daily feed intake (P less than .05) in the presence or absence of clino and at both levels of CP. Liver Cu concentration was greater (P less than .01) in lambs fed added Cu than in those not fed Cu (408 ppm vs 110 ppm, respectively). Neither CP nor clino affected liver Cu concentration. Clinoptilolite increased daily gain of lambs fed high CP but not low CP (P less than .01). In Exp. 2, clino in the diet had no effect on daily gain or daily feed, but 20 ppm Cu addition depressed daily gain (P less than .01) and gain/feed (P less than .07). Organ weights and levels of trace elements other than Cu in the liver generally were not affected by diet in either experiment. It is concluded that high dietary CP or 2% dietary clino did not protect against toxic signs of Cu when Cu was added to the basal diet (10 ppm Cu) at 10 or 20 ppm.  相似文献   

14.
试验将240只1日龄AA肉公鸡,按体重随机分为5个处理,分别饲喂基础饲粮和添加100mg/kg和200mg/kg硫酸锰(MnSO4)和氨基酸锰(MnAA)的饲粮42d。结果表明:添加100mg/kg锰显著降低4～6周耗料增重比(F/G)(P0.06);添加100mg/kg和200mg/kg锰显著增加肝脏锰含量(P0.001),同时有提高腿肌率,降低腹脂率的趋势(P0.10);添加100mg/kg MnAA血清总蛋白(TP)显著高于添加100mg/kg MnSO4(P0.09),而添加100mg/kg Mn AA和MnSO4组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性分别较对照组高35.7%和21.0%。表明添加100mg/kg锰可降低肉鸡生长后期F/G和提高肝脏锰含量,但是2种锰源间差异不显著;但Mn添加100mg/kg Mn AA比MnSO4可能更有效地促进肉鸡体内蛋白质的合成代谢。  相似文献   

15.
饲粮中锰(Mn)的缺乏与过量对肉仔鸡性能的长期影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
用1日龄AA肉用雏鸡120只(公母各半),分成3组,分别喂以含Mn 16ppm(缺Mn组)的玉米-豆饼型基础饲粮和含Mn 120ppm(对照组)及2840 ppm(Mn过量组)的补Mn饲粮8周。结果表明,与对照组比较,实用饲粮Mn缺乏降低鸡的体增重(P>0.05)和跖骨灰、肝、胰、心、脾、胆汁(P<0.01)及肌肉(P>0.05)中的Mn含量与心组织含Mn超氧化歧化酶(MnSOD)活性(P<0.01),显著提高腿病发生率和心含CuZn超氧化歧化酶(CuZnSOD)活性(P<0.01),单位增重的耗料量(F/G)有增加趋势(P>0.05);Mn过量降低鸡采食量和体增重(P<0.01),提高上述组织和胆汁中的Mn含量(P<0.01),单位增重的耗料量(F/G)也有增加趋势(P>0.05),而对腿病发生率与心MnSOD及CuZnSOD活性无进一步影响(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

16.
The Mn requirement for pigs is not well established. This study aimed to find criteria for assessing growing piglet supply status for Mn and to determine whether the current Mn recommendations meet the requirements for piglets. Thirty‐six weaned male castrated 27‐day‐old piglets (7.24 ± 0.69 kg) were randomized into six groups of six piglets each and housed individually in stainless steel metabolic cages for 42 days. The piglets were fed a diet based on skimmed milk powder and corn starch with increasing Mn concentrations (0.24; 2; 4; 8; 16; or 32 mg Mn/kg diet as‐fed). In week 6, Mn0.24 led to reduced feed intake (p < 0.05). Manganese concentrations in blood, liver, kidney, lung, heart, phalanx proximalis, pancreas and skeletal muscle were influenced by the dietary Mn supply (p < 0.05). The activity of the Mn‐containing superoxide dismutase in the heart as well as relative arginase activity in the liver were lower in groups Mn0.24, Mn2 and Mn4 compared with the higher supplemented groups (p < 0.05). The relative arginase activity increased clearly with enhanced dietary Mn up to 16 mg/kg and correlated with Mn concentration in the liver. Manganese concentrations in the liver, kidney and phalanx proximalis seem to be suitable biomarkers for Mn status. A 4 mg/kg dietary Mn concentration recommended by NRC (1998, Nutrient Requirements of Swine. National Academy Press, Washington DC.) did not fulfil piglet requirements. Under the conditions investigated, 16 mg Mn/kg diet were necessary to reach a plateau in specific enzyme activity and Mn concentration in organs.  相似文献   

17.
Twenty-four lambs, averaging 29 kg, were used to determine the effect of supplemental dietary Fe on performance and Cu, P, Zn and Mn utilization. Treatments consisted of supplemental Fe at 0, 300, 600 or 1,200 mg/kg diet as ferrous carbonate. The basal diet contained 154 mg Fe/kg diet and consisted of 90% Coastal bermudagrass pellets, 9.45% group corn, .5% sodium chloride and .05% vitamin mix. Lambs were slaughtered after having ad libitum access to diets for 98 to 121 d. Dietary Fe did not affect lamb gain or feed intake. Supplemental Fe increased Fe concentrations in liver (P less than .01), spleen (P less than .01) and bone (P less than .10), but not in kidney and muscle. Serum Fe concentrations and percentage transferrin saturation in serum were increased (P less than .01) by supplemental Fe at 28 and 84 d, but not at the termination of the study. Plasma Cu was decreased (P less than .01) at 56 d, whereas serum ceruloplasmin activity was reduced (P less than .01) at 28 d in lambs fed 1,200 mg Fe/kg diet compared with lambs fed 600 mg Fe/kg diet. Lower levels of Fe (300 and 600) reduced (P less than .01) ceruloplasmin by 56 d and plasma Cu by 84 d compared with controls. Liver Cu also was decreased (P less than .05) by supplemental Fe. Plasma P was decreased slightly (P less than .10) by 28 d and significantly (P less than .01) at the other sampling dates by supplemental Fe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

18.
Three hundred eighty-four growing-finishing pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect of dietary fluorine (F) on growth, blood and bone physical characteristics. Fourteen dietary treatments were formulated by supplementing F (as NaF) to a milo-soybean meal basal diet (7 ppm F) to provide levels of 7, 132, 257, 382, 507 and 632 ppm F for Exp. 1, and 7, 25, 43, 61, 79, 97, 115 and 133 ppm F for Exp. 2. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were not affected (P greater than .09) when F was fed at levels between 7 and approximately 132 ppm. Average daily gain and ADFI were reduced (P less than .0001) for pigs consuming diets with F concentrations greater than 132 ppm (Exp. 1). Feed conversion was not affected (P greater than .17) by any level of F fed. Serum F and alkaline phosphatase concentrations increased (P less than .01) with increasing dietary F levels. Serum and bone Ca and P concentrations were not affected (P greater than .13) by dietary F levels (Exp. 1). In Exp. 1 and 2, bone F increased (P less than .0001) and metatarsal stress and modulus of elasticity decreased (P less than .0001) as level of F increased in the diet. Bone thickness decreased quadratically (P less than .02) in Exp. 1 and linearly (P less than .0007) in Exp. 2 with increased dietary F levels. Scanning electron microscopy showed an increase in porosity of bones from pigs fed the higher levels of F. Growing-finishing pigs were able to tolerate approximately 132 ppm F for growth, but all of the F levels (greater than or equal to 7 ppm) fed in these two experiments affected bone integrity.  相似文献   

19.
An experiment was conducted to estimate the relative bioavailability of inorganic Se sources based on tissue Se deposition following supplementation at high dietary levels. Twenty-eight crossbred wethers averaging 50 kg initial weight were assigned randomly to seven treatments that were fed for 10 d. The basal diet contained .18 mg/kg Se (DM basis). Dietary Se was added at 0, 3, 6 or 9 mg/kg as reagent grade sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and 6 mg/kg from either calcium selenite (CaSeO3), Na2SeO3 + fumed amorphous carrier or sodium selenate (Na2SeO4). There were four sheep per treatment group, housed in individual, raised pens with slatted floors. Daily feed intake was restricted to 1,200 g and tap water was available ad libitum. The basal diet was fed for a 10-d adjustment period, then sheep were fed experimental diets for 10 d. At the termination of the experiment, blood samples were taken; sheep were stunned and killed, and livers and kidneys were removed and frozen for Se analysis. There was a linear (P less than .001) uptake of Se in liver, kidney and serum. The CaSeO3 and Na2SeO4 sources resulted in greater (P less than .05) Se concentrations in liver and kidney than did Na2SeO3, but these differences were not significant when the analyzed dietary Se concentrations were used as a covariate in the statistical model. Based on linear and multiple linear regression slopes and average increases in serum, liver and kidney Se concentrations, estimated relative bioavailability values corrected for analyzed dietary concentration, were 100, 101, 90 and 133 for Na2SeO3, CaSeO3, Na2SeO3 + carrier and Na2SeO4, respectively.  相似文献   

20.
The effect of dietary aluminum on the absorption, retention and pathways of excretion of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, iron and copper was studied in balance trials in mature ponies in a three by three latin square experiment. A basal diet consisting of one third each of oats, beet pulp and a commercial pelleted, complete horse ration and containing 336 ppm aluminum was supplemented with AlC1(3) . 6H2O. The middle and high level aluminum diets contained 1370 and 4500 ppm aluminum respectively. There was little difference in effect between the middle level aluminum and basal diets. The ponies were in negative phosphorus balance when fed the high level aluminum diet because phosphorus absorption was suppressed. Calcium absorption was unaffected by aluminum intake but the ponies were in negative calcium balance when fed the high aluminum diet due to the greater urinary excretion of calcium by the ponies. Presumably, calcium was excreted in urine because it was not utilized in the formation of bone crystal due to the lack of phosphate. Plasma calcium was elevated and plasma phosphorus was depressed when ponies were fed the high aluminum diet. Plasma hydroxyproline concentration was increased suggesting that bone turnover was increased due to aluminum effects on phosphorus and calcium metabolism. Magnesium, zinc, iron and copper metabolism were unaffected by aluminum intake.  相似文献   

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