共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
鉴于乡村水塘长期得不到重视与保护，将导致水塘景观逐渐丧失的现状，通过构建水塘景观生态网络并优化调控途径，对区域水塘景观规划和生态保护具有重要意义。以重庆市梁平区仁贤镇为例，基于2019年遥感影像和高程数据，运用空间统计分析、景观格局指数、水文分析及最小累积阻力模型等方法，探讨水塘空间分布规律并构建水塘景观生态网络。结果表明：(1)水塘空间分布深受海拔、坡度和聚落等因素影响，集中分布于低海拔（420.00~447.74 m）、低坡度（0~6°）、邻近聚落（0~40 m）区域；(2)构建水生态网络和生境网络以提供水塘连通性，水塘斑块、汇水节点、自然水系及雨水径流共同构成水生态网络体系，其中雨水径流282条，汇水节点199个，目前仅有40个水塘位于汇水节点处；生境网络体系中，潜在生态廊道351条，主要由农田与林地构成；(3)水塘景观生态优化调控途径可从空间配置、生态网络、生境质量及景观构成4个方面进行。研究结果可为水塘景观保护、小微湿地建设及乡村环境改善提供参考。 相似文献
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扎龙湿地位于乌裕尔河尾闾,是世界上现存最大的芦苇湿地,也是丹顶鹤等珍稀鸟类重要的繁育场所和栖息地。本次研究基于遥感、气象和水文数据,通过像元二分法反演植被覆盖度,分析扎龙湿地核心区2005-2017年植被覆盖度时空分布特征,探究径流、降水和气温3项水文气象要素对湿地不同等级植被覆盖度的影响,为科学开展湿地生态需水核算和芦苇植被保护提供参考。结果表明,湿地中高植被覆盖和高植被覆盖区域主要分布于乌裕尔河来水和人工补水形成的河道及周围地区,2005-2017年,中高植被覆盖和高植被覆盖区域面积总体呈增长趋势,湿地植被生态质量整体改善。乌裕尔河来水及人工补水量对中高植被覆盖和高植被覆盖区域面积的增长起到显著促进作用,并且存在年际滞后性;温度升高有利于湿地核心区内植被覆盖度整体的提高,但促进作用并不明显;降水与湿地核心区植被覆盖无明显影响作用,乌裕尔河来水及人工补水量是影响扎龙湿地核心区植被覆盖度的主要因素。 相似文献
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水系结构连通性评价是实现河湖连通的基础,为构建生态水网,提升水体连续性提供决策依据。现有评价方法多集中于连通概率及强度方面,忽略了结构稳定性的评估。有效探究水系在外界干扰下的连通稳定程度,可为水资源开发利用提供科学指导。以白洋淀为例,基于复杂网络分析法,考虑水网稳定性,建立包括水面率、水系连通度及水系结构稳定性三大要素,共七个指标的评价体系,采用熵权法与层次分析法耦合赋权及综合指数评价法,评估淀区水系结构连通性。结果表明,较之2007年,2017年淀区综合连通指数由0.7524下降至0.4235,区域孤立湖泊增多,连通强度及结构稳定性皆有所降低。 相似文献
4.
1980-2018年扎龙湿地及乌裕尔河流域景观格局演变及其响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究扎龙湿地及其上游乌裕尔河流域的景观格局演变,为湿地生态系统的管理与保护提供参考。利用研究区内1980-2018年5期土地利用遥感数据,运用GIS空间分析和主成分分析法,分析了区域景观格局时空变化及其驱动力。结果表明：（1）耕地面积从1980年的8629.648629km2增加至2018年的9527.909528km2;水域面积、居工地面积和盐碱地面积分别增加45.7446、57.9358和18.4618km2;林地面积、草地面积和沼泽地面积分别减少231.90232、742.33743和46.1646km2。1980-2000年研究区域其他土地利用类型转移为耕地的面积1035.861306km2,草地转移为其他土地利用类型的面积845.85846km2,其他土地利用类型面积总体变化不大。（2）景观格局指数不稳定,沼泽湿地面积是扎龙湿地的优势景观类型,耕地是乌裕尔河流域的优势景观类型,除优势景观类型外各种景观类型破碎化严重,景观丰富度越来越低。（3）景观格局的变化是自然气候和社会经济发展共同作用的结果,社会经济变化中的人均GDP、第一产业值以及城镇人口数量是导致整个研究区域湿地景观格局变化的主要驱动力;年均径流量与扎龙湿地内部草地的变化正相关。 相似文献
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长江具备丰富的水资源和电力资源,近年来河网闸坝、水电等水利设施被大量建设,导致了连通性下降,从而带来一系列的生态环境问题,评估长江流域河-库连通性具有重要意义。本研究选择长江流域高坝大库（金沙江下游）、低坝枢纽（汉江中下游）和山区小水电（景谷）三种河-库连通类型进行研究。首先概化典型研究区河-库连通的水文网络模型,并将水电站、过渡区、河流汇聚点、闸坝作为重要的网络节点。然后基于网络的水文连通功能、生态环境功能和社会贡献功能构建水文网络连通评估指标体系,利用熵权模糊综合评估方法对典型河-库进行分析。结果表明,高坝大库和低坝枢纽连通性为四级（差）,山区小水电连通性为五级（极差）。并基于评估结果,对不同类型的河-库系统给出改善连通性的针对性建议。 相似文献
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模拟与分析白洋淀试点区域水质改善工程前后的水质变化情况,探索水质改善效果,为白洋淀水质改善提供思路与经验。基于实测地形、气象数据、水质监测数据、现状污染源、大气沉降、风扰底泥释放等数据资料,运用MIKE软件构建了白洋淀二维水动力和水质数学模型,选取现状水量未清淤(方案一)、增加补水流量1.5倍+未清淤(方案二)、增加补水流量2.0倍+清淤0.1 m(方案三)、增加补水流量2.0倍+清淤0.2 m(方案四)4种优化方案,模拟了典型时刻下白洋淀区域内的流场分布形态和主要污染物迁移扩散规律。结果表明:白洋淀淀区内水体流动速度普遍较小,在增大补水流量和清淤的情况下,流场的改变集中于入淀河流的下游,几乎不改变主淀中的流场分布。随着清淤深度的增大,底泥的污染物释放作用进一步削弱,但削弱的幅度较小。由此确定对白洋淀底泥厚度较大、水质污染较为严重的区域开展清淤工作,建议清淤厚度0.2 m左右。在清淤的基础上,对淀区进行合理补水,入口河流选用常年水质较好的河段,建议补水体积不超过现状补水方案的2倍。 相似文献
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湖泊湿地生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,适宜的水文条件保障着湖泊湿地生态系统的健康。本文以博斯腾湖小湖湿地为例,依据能值理论系统地计算湖泊湿地各项生态系统服务价值量,并运用相关分析、层次聚类分析等方法结合生态系统服务计算结果与四项关键水文参数,综合确定研究区适宜的生态需水范围。研究结果表明,博斯腾湖小湖湿地生态系统服务价值总量由2013年以前的上下波动（平均年增幅-0.2%,其中有7年为负增长）转变为2013年后的持续增加状态（连续6年增加,平均年增幅6%）;区域来水量则经历了2000-2003年的丰水期、2005-2013年的枯水期以及2013年以来的水量持续增加等三个阶段;生态需水核算结果建议博斯腾湖小湖湿地应保证一年之内日均流量低于8.3 m^3/s的天数不超过72天,而一年之中日均流量超过20.8 m^3/s的天数不低于80天,湿地生态需水量在8.0-8.7 10^8m^3/a之间,最适宜生态水位范围为1047.4-1047.6m。本研究利用生态系统服务价值核算了湖泊湿地生态需水,对区域水资源调控提供了积极的参考价值。 相似文献
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基于2007-2017年5期遥感影像,运用遥感解译和景观指数方法,探究运城黄河湿地景观格局变化及其驱动因素,为黄河中游河道湿地的修复与可持续利用提供参考。结果表明:(1)湿地面积在2007-2017年期间总体呈增长趋势,其中2007-2015年湿地面积持续上升,面积增加9 041.39 hm^2,2015-2017年减少5 716.08 hm^2。湿地与旱地之间转换最密切,湿地景观间(水域+沼泽+草甸)也有较大幅度的转换。景观类型的分布以河津市、万荣县、永济市及垣曲县部分种类偏多,湿地景观沿河流分布。(2)类型水平上,旱地是优势类型,湿地整体处于劣势,景观零碎。水域在湿地景观中占优势,林地、旱地景观趋于复杂,旱地、水域、林地景观集聚度偏大;景观水平上,研究区景观破碎度和复杂度都有不同程度的降低,结构趋于稳定,连通性变好。(3)景观格局变化主要受人为驱动影响,其中政策对研究区有强制性的作用。近10 a运城黄河湿地呈现增长态势,景观格局总体逐渐优化。 相似文献
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滨海湿地中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)污染及其对滨海湿地的影响受到越来越多的关注,但对其污染特征和生态风险等仍有许多问题未厘清。从滨海湿地中PBDEs的种类和浓度、PBDEs在沉积物中的分布特征、PBDEs分布与沉积物理化因子的关系、PBDEs生态风险评价等相关研究进展进行了系统梳理,分析了滨海湿地沉积物和生物体内中PBDEs种类和浓度,讨论了PBDEs在滨海湿地中的水平与垂向分布规律,探讨了滨海湿地沉积物理化因子对PBDEs分布的影响,归纳了滨海湿地中PBDEs的生态风险评价方法。今后需进一步明确滨海湿地沉积物和生物体内的PBDEs同系物及富集浓度,加强滨海城市排污口附近区域的PBDEs归驱研究,解析滨海湿地沉积物理化因子(如铁、硫、氮等元素)与PBDEs的关系,加强PBDEs生态风险阈值和评价方法研究,为滨海湿地污染控制和评价提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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Paul-Daniel Sindilariu Carsten Schulz Reinhard Reiter 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):92-104
A study on effluent treatment with sub-surface flow (SF) constructed wetlands was conducted in a small commercial scale Bavarian (Germany) flow-through trout farm. Under limited spatial and financial conditions a most suitable wetland was constructed. The wetland treatment efficiency at high hydraulic loading rates during raceway runoff and cleaning situation in comparison to sedimentation as initial treatment method was examined.
The constructional solution involved the alteration of six existing sedimentation basins (SB) to SF horizontal flow constructed wetlands with a pre-sedimentation area. As constructional materials only local, cheaply available materials were used in order to reduce the costs. The SF wetland had high treatment efficiencies in the two operational modes examined. During cleaning situation at a hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 13.6 m/day treatment efficiency for total suspended solids (TSS) was highest and reached 68%. While during raceway runoff situation total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) treatment efficiency of 88% overtopped the efficiency of the other nutrients examined at a HLR of 10.6 m/day. In both treatment situations the SF wetland efficiency was significantly higher than the effect of the SB. SF constructed wetlands treating high hydraulic loading rates accompanied with short retention times were effective on dissolved nutrient treatment only for TAN and nitrite nitrogen (NO2–N), while other dissolved nutrients like nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N) and phosphate phosphorous (PO4–P) showed no or even negative treatment effects through the wetland passage. To reduce these nutrients, other treatment conditions or wetland configurations are needed. 相似文献
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人工湿地堵塞是目前国内外研究的热点问题,精确、高效的监测方法对提升湿地运行管理及净化能力等有重要意义。总结前人研究成果,比较分析目前人工湿地堵塞常见和可能的监测方法,对人工湿地堵塞监测方法和装置设备的研究方向及重点进行了展望,以期为堵塞湿地的长期监测提供参考。根据湿地内部水力学分析、基质或堵塞物物理化学性质将监测方法分为原位法和异位法。原位法中基于水力传导率测定的下降水头法和恒定水头法应用广泛;示踪剂技术较为简明直观,常用作堵塞湿地水流模型的建立;时域反射探针、探地雷达以及核磁共振传感器等新型原位探针技术对湿地内部造成的干扰较小,在湿地堵塞物定性定量方面具有良好发展前景;基于湿地内部电阻效应的微生物燃料电池法是目前研究的热点;基于基质孔隙率和堵塞物成分和性质的异位测定法还有较大提升空间;新兴的以蚯蚓为主的生物监测和根区微生物监测同样值得探索。 相似文献
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探索不同类型河道湿地面积与水文站实测径流量的相关性，为黄河流域生态保护修复和管理工作提供支撑。选择黄河下游花园口-利津河段为研究对象，基于1986、1990、2000、2010和2020年5期遥感解译黄河下游湿地的类型、面积和格局，分析湿地动态变化及原因，结合黄河下游重要水文站实测径流量数据，探索黄河下游不同类型河道湿地面积变化与径流相关性。结果表明：（1）河流水面湿地为黄河下游河段湿地的主要组成部分，占湿地面积的45.9%~65.9%；（2）黄河下游河段的湿地面积从上世纪80年代至今虽然呈现萎缩趋势，面积减少约35.6%，但萎缩速度在不断减缓，湿地面积逐渐趋于稳定；（3）黄河下游游荡型、弯曲型和顺直型河段的湿地面积与径流量的相关性存在差异。游荡型和弯曲型河段河流水面面积与流量均呈正相关关系，但变化幅度不同，顺直型河段河流水面面积受流量的影响较弱，游荡型、弯曲型河段和顺直型河段滩地面积随径流量增大而减少，减少幅度各有差异，3种河段在不超过某一流量下，河流湿地的面积保持稳定，而超出一定流量范围后，湿地总面积均增加。 相似文献
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C. Bradley 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》1997,7(1):41-62
1. Increasing concern for the environmental consequences of wetland loss has yet to be reflected in a wider application of hydrological techniques for their preservation. This paper looks at the specific example of floodplain wetlands by first considering how local hydrogeomorphological conditions may explain varied wetland occurrence. The effects of variations in individual hydrological fluxes are identified and the ability of standard hydrological monitoring programmes to represent these processes is considered. 2. These concepts are illustrated with reference to work on Narborough Bog, a small floodplain wetland in the UK. The characteristics of the wetland are outlined to illustrate how this determined the design of a monitoring programme investigating wetland hydrology and the practicalities of conservation. Measurements of water-table height were completed using a network of 30 piezometers located in the wetland and with additional measurements of river stage and meteorological variables. 3. The results of this data collection programme over the period 1991–1993 are described. The value of the data in characterizing the hydrology of the wetland is assessed and the need for sustained monitoring of variations in wetland water storage and flux is emphasized. The implications of the results for future wetland monitoring programmes are identified. 4. Hydrological data collected in this way can be used to develop a wetland mathematical model. This may be achieved by aggregating wetland sedimentological characteristics and by modelling specific periods of precipitation and evapotranspiration to determine the validity of the modelling process. Current shortcomings in the modelling process are discussed; however, wider application of this technique might help direct informed conservation of floodplain wetland landforms through improved understanding of the balance between internal and external water fluxes and their interrelationships. Similarly, models enable evaluation of the impacts of future catchment changes on wetlands. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Paul-Daniel Sindilariu Christian Wolter Reinhard Reiter 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,277(3-4):179-184
This study examined the effects of different hydraulic loading rates on the treatment efficiency of subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetlands treating effluents from trout farming over a period of 6 months. Six identical wetland cells with a pre-sedimentation zone of 9.6 m2 and a root zone of 23.6 m2 were loaded with effluents from intensive trout farming (> 2.1 kg feeding stuff per L/s and day). The total runoff of 13.2 L/s was treated in the wetland cells, where two duplicate cells received equal hydraulic loads of 3.9, 1.8 and 0.9 L/s. All examined wetland cells had significant treatment effects on the nutrient fractions containing particulate matter [total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), biological oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS)].
Efficiency was between 5.5% for TN and 90.1% for TSS. The SSF wetland also had a high treatment effect on total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), with efficiencies of 61.2 to 87.8%. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N) and phosphate phosphorous (PO4–P) showed a significant increase in the wetland effluent by 8.4 to 209%. Nitrite nitrogen (NO2–N), had no significant, or significant effluent increase depending on the inflow rate. Treatment efficiency for particulate nutrients and TAN increased with decreasing hydraulic load, while the differences between 1.8 and 0.9 L/s were not significant. The treatment efficiency for TP was constant for all cells, at around 40%. The wetland receiving 3.9 L/s was over-flooded after 10 to 12 weeks due to colmatation. Nevertheless, the wetland still showed high treatment efficiencies. For commercial trout farms, SSF wetlands are a highly effective method of effluent treatment. A hydraulic load of 1 L/s on 13.3 m2 wetland area (1.8 L/s on the examined wetland) seems most suitable. Higher loads lead to accelerated wetland colmatation, while lower loads waste space. 相似文献
16.
为了解白洋淀水域细菌多样性,于夏季采集水样进行水质和微生物群落结构分析。水质分析显示,白洋淀平均酸碱值(pH)为7.95,溶解氧(DO)为16.67 mg/L,属于偏碱性湖泊且含氧量丰富。通过Illumina NovaSeq6000高通量测序分析微生物群落结构表明:白洋淀不同采样点Chao1指数、Ace指数均较高,Shannon指数为7.151~8.443,Simpson指数为0.986~0.992,反映出白洋淀各采样点微生物群落多样性丰富、稳定性好,且细菌丰富度和多样性均以光淀(GD)最高。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)是湖水的优势菌门,丰度之和能达到90%,且以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为绝对优势菌门,丰度为44.15%~60.18%;在属水平上烧车淀(SCD)和枣林庄(ZLZ)以多核杆属(Polynucleobacter)为第一优势菌属,其余采样点优势菌属为unidentified_Cyanobacteria。CCA(canonial correspondence analysis)分析表明,pH和DO是影响白洋淀细菌群落结构的主要环境因子。 相似文献
17.
A. Moctezuma-Malagón C. E. González-Esquivel G. De la Lanza-Espino C. González-Rebeles Islas 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(6):525-537
Sustainable development is a process in which present and future human needs can be satisfied without degrading the socio-environmental
systems that they rely upon. Inland wetlands are diverse ecosystems that provide numerous goods and services. Current wetland
evaluation methodologies include inventories, monitoring of hydrological and climatic variables, population dynamic studies,
mechanistic models, the use of geographical information systems, and measuring of biotic indices. Sustainability evaluation
methods, which combine in a systemic approach production efficiency, ecosystem function, environmental services, and social
values are required. In this study, a methodological framework was developed and applied to a case in the High Lerma River
Basin in Central Mexico. Criteria and indicators comprising the environmental, economic, and social dimensions, as well as
systemic attributes such as productivity, stability, resilience, self-reliance, and equity were derived and measured to evaluate
wetland management systems. Native species were compared to the predominant carp monoculture system. Results from the evaluated
indicators showed that the native species multicultural management system can be a feasible, profitable, and self-reliant
conservation and utilization alternative. Some difficulties were faced in finding reliable estimates to be used as reference
values, and potential indicators for future, long-term evaluations are proposed. The application of sustainability indicators
to wetland management proved to be an objective and trustworthy methodological alternative, which could increase both wetland
sustainability and the continuous development of integrated assessment tools for its evaluation. 相似文献
18.