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1.
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging utilizing fluorine‐18 labeled fluorodeoxyglucose is a relatively new imaging modality in veterinary medicine that is becoming more common for oncological staging and for musculoskeletal imaging. Thus, it is important to identify the normal variations on PET imaging that may be mistaken for pathology. Variation in standardized uptake values (SUVmax) have been anecdotally identified in the spinal cord of dogs undergoing fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET–CT examinations for oncological staging, with notable increase in SUVmax values identified in the region of the cervical and lumbar spinal intumescences. The aim of this retrospective, analytical study was to compare the SUVmax values at four different locations throughout the spinal cord (C3, C5‐T1, T13, and L3‐S1) of a group of dogs with no evidence of neurologic disease and compare those findings to histologic specimens from dogs euthanized for unrelated disease. SUVmax values were significantly higher at the cervical and lumbar intumescences in comparison to the control regions (P < .0001 and P < .0001, respectively). Neuronal count and spinal cord gray matter area were also significantly greater at the cervical and lumbar intumescences (neuronal count P = .0025 and P = .0001; area P = .0004 and P = .0009, respectively) while overall neuronal density was lower (P = .003 and P = .028, respectively). We presume the increased SUVmax values at the spinal cord intumescences are the result of overall increased neuron count, increased proportion of gray matter, and increased spinal cord gray matter area. These findings will aid in the interpretation of future PET–CT studies and hopefully prevent the misdiagnosis of spinal cord disease in normal canines.  相似文献   

2.
Background: Classification of leukemias requires specialized diagnostic techniques. Automated preliminary indicators of neoplastic cells in blood would expedite selection of appropriate tests. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the capacity of the Sysmex XT‐2000iV hematology analyzer to identify neoplastic cells in canine blood samples. Methods: Blood samples (n=160) were grouped into 5 categories: acute leukemia (n=30), chronic leukemia (n=15), neoplasia without blood involvement (n=41), non‐neoplastic reactive conditions (n=31), and healthy dogs (n=43). WBC counts, WBC flags, scattergrams, percentages of cells with high fluorescence intensity, and percentages of cells in the lysis‐resistant region were evaluated alone or in combination to establish a “leukemic flag.” Sensitivity, specificity, negative (LR?) and positive (LR+) likelihood ratios, and the number of false‐negative (FN) and false‐positive (FP) results were calculated, and receiver operating characteristic curves were designed for numerical values. Results: Among single measurements and parameters, only the evaluation of scattergrams minimized FN and FP results (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94.8%, LR+ 19.17, and LR? 0.00), although their interpretation was subjective. The more objective approach based on the generation of a “leukemic flag” had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 87.0%, LR? of 0.00, and LR+ of 7.67. Conclusion: Using a novel gating strategy the Sysmex XT‐2000iV may be used effectively to screen canine blood for hematopoietic neoplasia.  相似文献   

3.
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of canine brain diseases are often nonspecific. Single‐ and multi‐voxel spectroscopy techniques allow quantification of chemical biomarkers for tissues of interest and may help to improve diagnostic specificity. However, published information is currently lacking for the in vivo performance of these two techniques in dogs. The aim of this prospective, methods comparison study was to compare the performance of single‐ and multi‐voxel spectroscopy in the brains of eight healthy, juvenile dogs using 3 Tesla MRI. Ipsilateral regions of single‐ and multi‐voxel spectroscopy were performed in symmetric regions of interest of each brain in the parietal (n = 3), thalamic (n = 2), and piriform lobes (n = 3). In vivo single‐voxel spectroscopy and multi‐voxel spectroscopy metabolite ratios from the same size and multi‐voxel spectroscopy ratios from different sized regions of interest were compared. No significant difference was seen between single‐voxel spectroscopy and multi‐voxel spectroscopy metabolite ratios for any lobe when regions of interest were similar in size and shape. Significant lobar single‐voxel spectroscopy and multi‐voxel spectroscopy differences were seen between the parietal lobe and thalamus (P = 0.047) for the choline to N‐acetyl aspartase ratios when large multi‐voxel spectroscopy regions of interest were compared to very small multi‐voxel spectroscopy regions of interest within the same lobe; and for the N‐acetyl aspartase to creatine ratios in all lobes when single‐voxel spectroscopy was compared to combined (pooled) multi‐voxel spectroscopy datasets. Findings from this preliminary study indicated that single‐ and multi‐voxel spectroscopy techniques using 3T MRI yield comparable results for similar sized regions of interest in the normal canine brain. Findings also supported using the contralateral side as an internal control for dogs with brain lesions.  相似文献   

4.
Motion artifact is an important limiting factor for abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in veterinary patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pulse sequence on abdominal MRI diagnostic quality in dogs. Ten normal dogs were each scanned using 16 MRI pulse sequences. Sequences included breath‐holding sequences, respiratory navigation sequences, and traditional spin‐echo sequences. Four observers independently scored diagnostic quality for each sequence based on the appearance of specific organs, overall diagnostic quality, and degree of artifactual interference. Signal‐to‐noise ratio and contrast‐to‐noise ratio were also calculated for each sequence. The sequence with the highest overall mean diagnostic quality score was the dorsal T2 turbo spin echo (TSE) with fat saturation and breath‐holding. The sequence with the lowest mean diagnostic quality score was the dorsal T2 fast spin echo. The sequence with the highest signal‐to‐noise ratio for all evaluated organs was the sagittal T1 spin echo. Signal‐to‐noise and contrast‐to‐noise ratios did not correlate with subjective assessment of overall diagnostic quality for the majority of the sequences evaluated (P < 0.05). The three sequences considered to have the highest diagnostic quality for the cranial abdomen were the dorsal T2 TSE with fat saturation and breath‐hold, transverse T1 turbo fast low‐angle shot gradient echo with breath‐hold, and dorsal T2 half‐Fourier acquisition single shot TSE with respiratory navigation. These sequences had short acquisition times, yielded studies of similar diagnostic quality, provided complementary information, and are therefore recommended for routine canine abdominal MRI protocols.  相似文献   

5.
Circulating leptin concentrations could potentially be used as a predictor of production traits in cattle. This study aimed to clarify the correlations between circulating leptin concentrations and growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality indexes in finishing bulls fed high‐concentrate diets (concentrate‐to‐forage ratio 70:30). Fifty‐seven Simmental × Luxi F1 crossbred bulls were used for 112‐day finishing experiment. Circulating leptin concentrations and relevant indexes of growth performance, and carcass traits and meat quality were measured during or after finishing trail. The results indicated that the leptin concentrations tended to be negatively correlated with dry matter intake (DMI) (r = ?.233, p = .081), and were positively correlated with 12th‐rib fat thickness (r = .330, p = .012), marbling score (r = .336, p = .011), and intramuscular fat content (r = .368, p = .021). Moreover, the leptin concentrations were negatively correlated with cholesterol content (r = ?.339, p = .037) and were not correlated with sensory indexes including tenderness, juiciness, and like flavor (p > .05). In conclusion, circulating leptin concentrations may potentially be used as a predictor of carcass traits related to content of fat and beef quality traits related to content of cholesterol in finishing bulls fed high‐concentrate diets.  相似文献   

6.
Ten forelimbs of five Myrmecophaga tridactyla were examined to study the anatomy of the brachial plexus. The brachial plexuses of the M. tridactyla observed in the present study were formed by the ventral rami of the last four cervical spinal nerves, C5 through C8, and the first thoracic spinal nerve, T1. These primary roots joined to form two trunks: a cranial trunk comprising ventral rami from C5‐C7 and a caudal trunk receiving ventral rami from C8‐T1. The nerves originated from these trunks and their most constant arrangement were as follows: suprascapular (C5‐C7), subscapular (C5‐C7), cranial pectoral (C5‐C8), caudal pectoral (C8‐T1), axillary (C5‐C7), musculocutaneous (C5‐C7), radial (C5‐T1), median (C5‐T1), ulnar (C5‐T1), thoracodorsal (C5‐C8), lateral thoracic (C7‐T1) and long thoracic (C6‐C7). In general, the brachial plexus in the M. tridactyla is similar to the plexuses in mammals, but the number of rami contributing to the formation of each nerve in the M. tridactyla was found to be larger than those of most mammals. This feature may be related to the very distinctive anatomical specializations of the forelimb of the anteaters.  相似文献   

7.
Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) has been proposed as a model for the study of human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). The aims of this study were to compare the immunohistochemical expression of aromatase (Arom) and several hormone receptors [estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR)], in 21 IMC cases vs 19 non‐IMC; and to study the possible effect of letrozole on canine IMC and human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) in vitro using IPC‐366 and SUM‐149 cell lines. Significant elevations of the means of Arom Total Score (TS), ERβ TS and PR TS were found in the IMC group (p = 0.025, p = 0.038 and p = 0.037, respectively). Secondary IMC tumours expressed higher levels of Arom than primary IMC (p = 0.029). Non‐IMC PR‐ tumours contained higher levels of Arom than non‐IMC PR+ tumours (p = 0.007). After the addition of letrozole, the number of IMC and IBC cells dropped drastically. The overexpression of Arom found and the results obtained in vitro further support canine IMC as a model for the study of IBC and future approaches to the treatment of dogs with mammary cancer, and especially IMC, using Arom inhibitors.  相似文献   

8.
Objective of this study was to demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of glucose in urine of euglycemic cats by a highly sensitive glucose assay. The local electronic database was searched for results of quantitative urine glucose measurements in cats. A total of 325 feline urine glucose measurements were identified, of which 303 (93%) had been submitted by one of the co‐authors working in a near‐by small animal practice. After the exclusion of patients with kidney disease (n = 60), hyperthyroidism (n = 15), diabetes mellitus (n = 11), multiple diseases (n = 9) or steroid treatment (n = 3), as well as serial measurements (n = 87) and outliers (n = 8), the final study population consisted of 132 cats. Urine creatinine concentration was unavailable in five patients. Whereas all but one cat had glucose concentrations above the detection limit of the assay (0.11 mmol/L, Gluco‐quant Enzyme Kit/Roche Diagnostics), no positive glucose dipstick test result (Combur 9‐Test, Roche Diagnostics) was observed. The median (range) of urinary glucose concentration and the glucose‐to‐creatinine ratio (UGCR) was 0.389 (<0.11–1.665) mmol/L and 0.0258 (0.007–0.517) respectively. The UGCR was not affected by age, gender, breed or leukocyturia, whereas cats with hematuria had slightly higher values. Data show that so‐called “basal glucosuria” is present in the majority of cats and by no means diagnostic for diabetes mellitus or renal glucosuria. This has to be considered when using bio‐analytical methods with a low limit of quantification.  相似文献   

9.
As gadolinium‐based contrast agents are paramagnetic and have T2 shortening effects, they have the potential to adversely affect gradient recalled echo sequences. The aim of this prospective, cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the effects of gadolinium administration on T2*‐weighted sequence diagnostic quality and signal intensity when imaging the canine brain. A total of 100 dogs underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including pre‐ and postcontrast T2*‐weighted sequences acquired with a delay (Group A) or immediately (Group B) following gadolinium administration. Pre‐ and postcontrast images were subjectively compared. In dogs with intracranial enhancing masses, regions of interest were drawn on corresponding images and signal intensity ratios were calculated. The effect of degree and pattern of contrast enhancement, susceptibility artifacts, and time between contrast injection and T2*‐weighted sequence acquisition on signal intensity ratio was evaluated. Overall 31 dogs had contrast enhancing intracranial masses. Subjectively, there was no difference in image quality of T2*‐weighted sequences obtained before and after contrast medium administration. No significant signal intensity differences of intracranial contrast enhancing masses were found (Group A P = 0.9999; Group B P = 0.9992). Susceptibility artifacts did not differ in appearance, and there was no effect on calculated signal intensity ratio (P = 0.8142). Similarly, there was no effect of degree of enhancement or contrast heterogeneity on signal intensity ratio (P = 0.4413). No correlation was found between signal intensity ratio and the time to acquisition (P = 0.199). Administration of gadolinium‐based MRI contrast agents does not adversely affect T2*‐weighted imaging of the brain in dogs at 1.5 T even in the presence of contrast enhancing lesions.  相似文献   

10.
In recent years, two meta‐analyses of chromium (Cr) supplementation have shown beneficial effects on glucose metabolism. Chromium histidinate (CrHis) reduces serum glucose levels in rats fed a high‐fat diet but no study has been conducted on cats until now. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CrHis on glucose and lipid metabolism in cats. To challenge the glucose metabolism, 16 cats were fed a high‐carbohydrate high‐fat diet for three months. One group (n = 8) received 800 ug CrHis per day for two months, while the other group (n = 8) served as control group. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, blood samples were taken, and biochemical parameters and oxidative stress were measured. CrHis serum levels were significantly increased (p = 0.027) in the treatment group, while fructosamine levels were significantly lower (p = 0.029) in the control group. In both groups, glucose (p < 0.01), b‐hydroxy‐butyrate (p = 0.024) and 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine (p = 0.028) levels decreased significantly and cholesterol levels increased significantly (p < 0.01). In conclusion, CrHis did not improve glucose or lipid metabolism and did not affect oxidative stress in healthy cats.  相似文献   

11.
Peas are increasing in popularity as a source of carbohydrate, protein and fibre in extruded canine diets. The aim of this study was to test the health effects of two canine diets with identical macronutrient profiles, but containing either yellow field peas or white rice as the carbohydrate source on metabolism, cardiovascular outcomes and adiposity. First, the acute glycemic, insulinemic and cardiovascular responses to the pea‐ or rice‐based diets were determined in normal weight beagles (n = 7 dogs). The glycemic index did not differ between the pea diet (56 ± 12) and rice diet (63 ± 9). Next, obese beagles (n = 9) were fed the yellow field pea diet or white rice diet ad libitum for 12 weeks in a crossover study. Adiposity (measured using computed tomography), metabolic (oral glucose tolerance test, plasma leptin, adiponectin, C‐reactive protein) and cardiovascular assessments (echocardiography and blood pressure) were performed before and after each crossover study period. After 12 weeks on each diet, peak insulin (p = 0.05) and area under the curve (AUC) for insulin after a 10 g oral glucose tolerance test (p = 0.05) were lower with the pea than the rice diet. Diet did not show a significant effect on body weight, fat distribution, cardiovascular variables, adiponectin or leptin. In conclusion, a diet containing yellow field peas reduced the postprandial insulin response after glucose challenge in dogs despite continued obesity, indicating improved metabolic health.  相似文献   

12.
Influenza viruses are frequently transmitted between pigs and their handlers, and among pig handlers. However, reports on socio‐environmental variables as potential risk factors associated with transmission of influenza in West African swine production facilities are very scarce. Syndromic survey for influenza was therefore conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria, and Kumasi, Ghana, in order to identify and elucidate selected socio‐environmental variables that may contribute to the occurrence and distribution of influenza‐like illness (ILI) among swine industry workers. In addition, molecular analyses were conducted to elucidate the nature of influenza viruses circulating at the human–swine interface in these cities and better understand the dynamics of their transmission. Influenza viruses were detected by type‐specific and subtype‐specific RT–PCR. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were carried out. Socio‐environmental variables were tested by both univariable and multivariable regression methods for significance at p < 0.05. Three risk factors for ILI were identified in each city. These included “frequency of visit of pig handler to pig pen or lairage” (Ibadan: risk ratio [RR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36–1.79, p = 0.02; Kumasi: RR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.11–1.71, p = 0.01) and “pig handler's awareness about biosecurity measures” (Ibadan: RR = 7.09, 95% CI = 2.36–21.32, p < 0.001; Kumasi: RR = 4.84, 95% CI = 1.98–11.80, p < 0.001). Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, with M genes closely related to those which circulated among pigs in the two cities during the same period, were detected among Nigerian and Ghanaian pig industry workers. These findings suggest the possibility of bidirectional transmission of influenza at the human–swine interface in these cities and underscore the need for more extensive molecular studies. Risk factors identified may assist in the control of human‐to‐human and human‐to‐swine transmission of influenza in the West African swine industry.  相似文献   

13.
Heat‐treated rapeseed was supplemented to indoor fed yaks in winter to test the effect on dry matter intake (DMI), body mass change, and meat quality. Sixteen 3‐year‐old yak steers (124 ± 15.3 kg) were divided randomly into two groups and were offered either heat‐treated rapeseed (HTR) or rapeseed meal (CONT). The yaks were allowed 14 days for adjustment and measurements were made over 120 d. There was no difference in DMI between groups (p = 0.67), but average daily gain tended to be higher (p < 0.056) and feed to gain ratio tended to be lower (p = 0.050) in HTR than in CONT yaks. Meat from HTR yaks was more tender (p = 0.006), had higher intramuscular fat (p = 0.013), and had lower cholesterol content (p = 0.009) than from CONT yaks. In addition, the atherogenic index was lower (0.37 vs. 0.43; p = 0.049), the PUFA:SFA ratio was higher (0.55 vs. 0.37; p = 0.049), and the n‐6:n‐3 (n‐6 PUFA to n‐3 PUFA) ratio was lower (2.76 vs. 4.78; p = 0.003) in HTR than in CONT yaks, which all favoured the HTR yaks. Meat from HTR yaks met human health standards of a PUFA:SFA ratio of above 0.4 and n‐6:n‐3 ratio of less than 4, whereas meat from CONT yaks just missed these standards.  相似文献   

14.
The inner ear contains endolymph and perilymph. The second is comparable and in continuity with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) so it is expected to suppress in fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if normal. Even though inner ear FLAIR abnormalities have been extensively described in humans with inner ear disease, its diagnostic value in dogs is yet to be proven. The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the diagnostic utility of FLAIR MRI in dogs with vestibular disease. A review of medical records identified 101 dogs that had brain MRI performed because of vestibular signs. Based on the final diagnosis, patients were allocated to three groups: otitis media/interna, idiopathic vestibular disease, and central vestibular disease. Additionally, a control group (n = 73) included dogs with normal MRI and without vestibular signs. Inner ears were delineated using a region of interest, and signal intensity was measured in FLAIR and T2‐weighted images. The percentages of suppression in FLAIR were calculated and compared between affected and unaffected sides of each individual and between groups using a general linear mixed model. Correlation between suppression and CSF cell count and protein concentration was assessed. Affected inner ears in dogs with otitis media/interna had decreased suppression in FLAIR compared to the unaffected side (P < .001), and all other groups (P < .01). No significant correlation was detected between CSF results and suppression. These results show the diagnostic value of FLAIR in otitis media/interna due to lack of suppression in the affected inner ear.  相似文献   

15.
This study was performed in a sample of 20 dogs (n = 20) and aimed to: (1) characterize the mandible height (Mh), mandibular canal height (MCh) and distance between the inter‐dental alveolar margin and the mandibular canal (dIAM‐MC) dimensions, and (2) to develop mathematical models that express the insight's mandible anatomy of those important mandible structural elements allowing the prediction of their dimensions using physical parameters such as patient body weight (Wg) and the canine tooth width at the free gingival margin level‐(wCGM). Lateral‐view X‐rays of both sides of the skull were taken for all the individuals. Three mathematical prediction models were developed to calculate Mh, MCh and dIAM‐MC. Achieved proportions of the mandible considered parameters regarding its height were of 36.45% for MCh, 50.90% for dMAI‐MC and 12.65% for vMC. Statistically significant differences were registered between the Wg and wCGM (P = 0.00), Mh (P = 0.00), MCh (P = 0.00) and dIAM‐MC (P = 0.00). Only the Wg presented a strong correlation with the wCGM (R = 0.58), Mh (R = 0.70), dIAM‐MC (R = 0.60) and MCh (R = 0.68). These models will allow a clinician to estimate the size of the mandible structures by only using data obtained during the physiological examination, with a sufficiently high prediction capacity and a very low standard error. The study points out the relationships of physiological parameters such as Wg and wCGM with mandible anatomical structural elements considered as important in oral surgery. The results of this study give the surgeon a new additional tool providing more information on the mandible anatomical structures and its relationships. This reduces the risk of iatrogenic lesions during the oral surgical procedures and improves patient safety.  相似文献   

16.

Objective

To assess compression rate accuracy among veterinarians and registered veterinary nurses (RVNs) without and with an audible aid.

Design

Prospective study with use of a canine CPR manikin.

Setting

Small animal teaching hospital.

Subjects

Thirty-six participants (20 veterinarians and 16 RVNs).

Interventions

Each participant completed the first 2-minute cycle of chest compressions without an auditory aid on a canine CPR manikin. Each participant was then randomized to 1 of 3 auditory aid groups (Group B: Bee Gees “Stayin’ Alive”; Group Q: Queen “Another One Bites the Dust”; or Group M: traditional metronome) and then completed a second 2-minute cycle of chest compressions with the instruction to synchronize their compression rate with the beat of the auditory aid. An accurate chest compression rate was defined as obtaining a rate between 100 and 120 compressions per minute (cpm).

Measurements and Main Results

Median number of compressions administered by participants during Cycle 1 for the first minute was 111 (range 88–140) and for the second minute was 107 (range 80–151), with 25 of 36 (69%) participants obtaining an accurate chest compression rate. Median number of compressions administered during Cycle 2 for the first minute was 110 (range 76–125) and for the second minute was 110 (range 72–125), with 34 of 36 participants (94%) obtaining an accurate chest compression rate. Participants were more likely to obtain an accurate chest compression rate when an auditory aid was present compared to without (McNemar's test; P = 0.013). Subgroup analysis suggested the auditory aid was beneficial in Groups Q and M but not Group B (Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn's post hoc testing; P = 0.014, P = 0.0455, and P = 0.5637, respectively).

Conclusions

An auditory aid was associated with improved chest compression rate accuracy. However, as the auditory aid was not beneficial for Group B participants, our findings suggest that some auditory aids are more helpful than others.  相似文献   

17.
This study was designed to study the effect of short‐term supplementation with rumen‐protected fat during the late luteal phase on reproduction and metabolism of sheep during breeding season. Seventy‐six ewes (Rahmani, Barki and Awassi × Barki) were allocated to two groups considering genotype: the control ewes (C‐group) received a maintenance diet, and the fat‐supplemented ewes (F‐group) received the maintenance diet plus 50 g/head/day of rumen‐ protected fat (Megalac) for 9 days during which oestrus was synchronized. The latter had been accomplished using double intramuscular injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) 11 days apart. Ovarian activity, serum concentration of cholesterol, glucose, insulin and reproductive performance variables were recorded. Data were analysed considering treatment (group) and genotype. Supplementation had positive effects on the overall mean serum concentrations of cholesterol (p < 0.05), glucose (p < 0.05) on day 6 of nutritional treatment and insulin (p = 0.07) on day 8. Fat supplementation did not affect the total number of follicles, follicle populations and ovulation rate. However, fat‐supplemented Rahmani ewes tended to have higher ovulation rate compared with other breeds (treatment × breed interaction, p = 0.06). Treatment also did not affect the mean concentration of serum estradiol or progesterone. Supplemented ewes had higher conception (p = 0.06) and lambing rates (p < 0.05) compared with control. In conclusion, short‐term supplementation with rumen‐protected fat as a source of energy around breeding time improved metabolism, conception and lambing rates of ewes without effects on steroidogenic capacity and ovarian activity being apparent.  相似文献   

18.

Objectives

Glutathione‐S‐transferases (GSTs) detoxify reactive xenobiotics, and defective GST gene polymorphisms increase cancer risk in humans. A low activity GST‐theta variant was previously found in research beagles. The purpose of our study was to determine the molecular basis for this phenotype and its allele frequency in pet dogs.

Methods

Banked livers from 45 dogs of various breeds were screened for low GST‐theta activity by the substrate 1,2‐dichloro‐4‐nitrobenzene (DCNB), and were genotyped for variants in a novel canine GST gene, GSTT5. Whole‐genome sequences from 266 dogs were genotyped at one discovered variant GSTT5 locus.

Results

Canine livers ranged 190‐fold in GST‐theta activities, and a GSTT5 exon coding variant 385_390delGACCAG (Asp129_Gln130del) was significantly associated with low activity (P < 0.0001) and a marked decrease in hepatic protein expression (P = 0.0026). Recombinant expression of variant GSTT5 led to a 92% decrease in Vmax for DCNB (P = 0.0095). The minor allele frequency (MAF) for 385_390delGACCAG was 0.144 in 45 dog livers, but was significantly higher in beagles (0.444) versus nonbeagles (0.007; P = 0.0004). The homozygous genotype was significantly over‐represented in Pembroke Welsh corgis (P < 0.0001) based on available whole‐genome sequence data.

Conclusions

An Asp129_Gln130del variant in canine GSTT5 is responsible for marked loss of GST‐theta enzyme activity. This variant is significantly over‐represented in purpose‐bred laboratory beagles and in Pembroke Welsh corgis. Additional work will determine the prevalence of this variant among other purebred dogs, and will establish the substrate range of this polymorphic canine enzyme with respect to common environmental carcinogens.  相似文献   

19.
Vertebral lesions and associated neurological signs occur in dogs with multiple myeloma, however, veterinary literature describing MRI findings is currently lacking. The objective of this multicenter, retrospective, case series study was to describe neurological signs and MRI findings in a group of dogs that presented for spinal pain or other neurological deficits and had multiple myeloma. Electronic records of four veterinary referral hospitals were reviewed. Dogs were included if they had a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of multiple myeloma, had presented for spinal pain or other neurological signs, and had undergone MRI of the vertebral column. The MRI studies were evaluated and the anatomical location of lesion(s), signal intensity, presence of extra‐dural material, degree of spinal cord compression, extent of vertebral lesions, and contrast enhancement were recorded. Twelve dogs met inclusion criteria. Most dogs (n = 8) had a chronic progressive history, with varying degrees of proprioceptive ataxia and paresis (n = 11), and spinal pain was a feature in all dogs. The MRI findings were variable but more consistent features included the presence of multiple expansile vertebral lesions without extension beyond the outer cortical limits of affected vertebrae, and associated extradural material causing spinal cord compression. The majority of lesions were hyper‐ to isointense on T2 (n = 12) and T1‐weighted (n = 8) sequences, with variable but homogeneous contrast‐enhancement (n = 12). These described MRI characteristics of multiple myeloma may be used to aid early identification and guide subsequent confirmatory diagnostic steps, to ultimately improve therapeutic approach and long‐term outcome.  相似文献   

20.
This study examined the effect of single IU administration of cephapirin on clinical recovery, clearance of uterine bacteria and reproductive performance of postpartum buffaloes with subclinical endometritis (SCE). Buffaloes (n = 86) at 35 days postpartum (DPP) with >10% polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in endometrial cytosmears were designated as positive (SCEP, n = 29), and buffaloes with ≤10% PMN cell were designated as negative (SCEN, n = 57) for SCE. Out of 29 positive buffaloes, 15 were administered a single intrauterine dose of cephapirin benzathine on 40 DPP (SCEP‐CB), while the remaining 14 animals were kept as untreated control (SCEP‐C). All animals were observed regularly for oestrous signs and were again subjected to cytobrush sampling on the first postpartum (FPP) oestrus. Buffaloes positive for SCE at 35 DPP were later considered “recovered” if their PMN cells dropped to ≤5% on the FPP oestrus. Presence of Escherichia coli, Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Fusobacterium necrophorum in uterus was detected based upon PCR amplification of genes related to bacteria‐specific virulence factors. A total of 66.7% of SCEP‐CB group buffaloes recovered as compared to 28.6% in SCEP‐C (χ2 = 4.21; p < 0.05). Rate of bacterial clearance did not differ between treated (38.5%) and untreated buffaloes (8.3%) (χ2 = 1.67; p > 0.05). The median days to first service did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) among the three groups, whereas cephapirin administration reduced (p < 0.05) the days open by 14 days in SCEP‐CB compared to SCEP‐C buffaloes. SCEP‐CB buffaloes were as likely to conceive as SCEN, whereas SCEP‐C had 0.28 hazard ratio for pregnancy. In conclusion, a single treatment with cephapirin benzathine at 40 DPP improved the reproductive performance of buffaloes with subclinical endometritis.  相似文献   

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