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1.
Cytological observation of anther structure and genetic investigation of a new type of cytoplasmic male sterile 0A193‐CMS in Brassica rapa L. 
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下载免费PDF全文 Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a maternally transmitted failure in pollen formation, is an effective pollination control system in hybrid rapeseed (Brassica napus) breeding. However, CMS is not widely used in the related oilseed species Brassica rapa. In the past years, several male sterile plants have been isolated from the B. rapa landrace ‘0A193’, collected in Shaanxi, China, in 2011. It is noteworthy that the fertility expression of 0A193‐CMS was affected by temperature. In contrast to pol CMS, fertility tests with 18 B. rapa and 9 B. napus accessions suggest that a different system of maintaining and restoring is responsible for the observed phenotype. Further on, genetic investigation evidenced that fertility of 0A193‐CMS is controlled by both cytoplasmic and one pair of nuclear recessive genes. Interestingly, plants of the 0A193‐CMS type possess a highly specific fragment of the mitochondrial gene orf222, a crucial regulator of male sterility in nap CMS. Our study broadens the CMS resources in B. rapa and provides a highly applicable alternative to pol CMS and ogu CMS for hybrid breeding production. 相似文献
2.
We report the development of an improved cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) system of Brassica juncea carrying cytoplasm of the wild species Diplotaxis berthautii. Flowers of the CMS line are smaller than the euplasmic line but have improved nectaries. Anthers are slender and fail to
extend to the level of stigma. Female fertility of the CMS line is comparable to the euplasmic line. Fertility restorers of
Moricandia arvensis and D. catholica-based alloplasmic CMS systems of B. juncea were found capable of restoring male fertility to this new CMS line. The fertility restoration is monogenic and gametophytic.
Southern analysis showed that the cytoplasm of the CMS line is different from euplasmic B. juncea and other CMS systems restored by the same restorer lines. Northern analysis of the CMS, fertility restored and euplasmic
lines using eight mitochondrial gene probes revealed altered atpA expression associated with male sterility. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were identified for the
plastid gene psbB, which could be useful for a quick identification of this CMS line.
S.R. Bhat and P. Kumar contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
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Production of a desirable Brassica oleracea CMS line using an alloplasmic B. rapa CMS line carrying Diplotaxis erucoides cytoplasm as a bridge plant 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Yoshiaki Fujita Keita Sunaga Su‐Hyeun Shim Wataru Yamada Takayuki Ohnishi Sang Woo Bang 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(2):162-170
In Brassica oleracea, production of F1 hybrid seeds mainly makes use of the improved Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line. However, reliance on one particular line is a risk, and it would be advantageous to develop other CMS lines. In this study, we transferred Diplotaxis erucoides cytoplasm to B. oleracea cultivars using an alloplasmic B. rapaCMS line as a bridge plant to avoid incompatibility between donor and recipient plants. The new B. oleraceaCMS lines, which were derived by four generations of backcrossing, had small rudimentary anthers with no pollen grain and showed complete male sterility. There was no functional defect in other floral organs, and the ability to receive normal pollen did not appear to be impaired. Moreover, the B. oleraceaCMS lines carrying D. erucoides cytoplasm had larger leaf areas and a normal plastochron. As a consequence, the B. oleraceaCMS lines carrying D. erucoides cytoplasm have the potential to be valuable alternatives for use in commercial B. oleracea hybrid seed production. 相似文献
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A cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) line of Brassica juncea has been developed by combining the cytoplasm originating from the somatic hybrid Trachystoma ballii+B. juncea, and the nucleus of B. juncea cv. Pusa Bold by repeated backcrossing. Male-sterile plants closely resembled the normal fertile B. juncea in general morphology, but had delayed flowering (5–7 days) when compared with fertile ‘Pusa Bold’ which flowered in 45 days. Stamens of the male-sterile line were transformed into petaloid structures. Pollen abortion occurred after tetrad formation. Female fertility of the male-sterile line was normal. Molecular analysis of organelle genomes indicated extensive mitochondrial DNA recombinations in the CMS line. Preliminary analysis of the chloroplast genome of the CMS line also indicated chloroplast DNA recombination. 相似文献
7.
为了研究甘蓝雄性不育机制,根据萝卜CMS相关基因orf138的序列信息,设计特异引物,并在甘蓝不同类型不育系和保持系中鉴定PCR产物的稳定性。随后利用Tail-PCR技术,扩增获得此基因的侧翼序列并进行了生物信息学分析。结果表明在甘蓝不育型材料中,能够稳定扩增出300 bp左右的单一条带,而在其他细胞质不育类型和可育材料中均未扩出条带,经多次验证结果稳定可靠。甘蓝中orf138的上下游侧翼序列有效碱基1789 bp,通过生物信息学分析,获得包括起始密码和终止密码的orf138的完整序列共417 bp。同源性比对结果显示：与甘蓝型油菜﹑白菜和萝卜的orf138片段具有高度保守性。分析侧翼序列表明甘蓝orf138的3’端是由ORF83、trnfM、ORF125等基因片段构成的一个复杂序列。获得了甘蓝OguCMS特异的分子鉴定标记,明确了orf138在甘蓝线粒体中的位置,以上结果为甘蓝雄性不育的进一步研究奠定良好的基础。 相似文献
8.
S. Prakash I. Ahuja H. C. Upreti V. Dinesh Kumar S. R. Bhat P. B. Kirti V. L. Chopra 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(6):479-482
An alloplasmic mustard, Brassica juncea, has been synthesized by placing its nucleus into the cytoplasm of the related wild species Erucastrum canariense to express cytoplasmic male sterility. To achieve this, the sexual hybrid E. canariense (2n=18, EcEc) ×Brassica campestris (2n= 20, AA) was repeatedly backcrossed to B. juncea (2n= 36, AABB). Cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) plants were recovered in the BC4 generation. These plants are a normal green and the flowers have slender, non‐dehiscing anthers that contain sterile pollen. Nectaries are well developed and female fertility is > 90%. The fertility restoration gene was introgressed to CMS B. juncea from the cytoplasmic donor E. canariense through pairing between chromosomes belonging to B. juncea with those of the E. canariense genome. The restorer plants have normal flowers, with well‐developed anthers containing fertile pollen. Meiosis proceeds normally. Pollen and seed fertility averaged 90% and 82%, respectively. F1 hybrids between CMS and the restorer are fully pollen fertile and show normal seed set. Preliminary results indicate that restoration is achieved by a single dominant gene. The constitution of the organelle genomes of the CMS, restorer and fertility restored plants is identical, as revealed by Southern analysis using mitochondrial and chloroplast probes atp A and psb D, respectively. 相似文献
9.
Induction of microspore embryos in a CMS line of Brassica juncea and formation of the androgenic plantlets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Anther culture of two wide hybrids (Diplotaxis erucoides × Brassica campestris) × B. juncea and (D. berthautii × B. campestris) × B. juncea, their CMS lines and the parent species elicited a range of responses highlighting the importance of the genotype. Androgenesis
was expressed in cultured anthers of CMS (D. erucoides) B. juncea (22.8%), in restored pollen fertile plants of this CMS line (1.66%), and in the parent, B. juncea cv Pusa Bold (13.02%). AgNO3 was essential for androgenic response in the CMS lines, and it markedly increased the frequency of androgenesis in the cultivated
species. Multiple crops of microspore embryos were obtained from responsive anthers of CMS plants in anther recultures. As
high as92% microspore embryos of the CMS line germinated on basal B5medium and formed normal plantlets.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Six cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems, viz. moricandia, ogura, oxyrrhina, siifolia, tournefortii and trachystoma of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) were characterized for agronomic and floral characteristics. Introgression of alien cytoplasm caused alterations in different floral traits in ogura, siifolia, tournefortii and trachystoma CMS systems. Varied response to different genetic backgrounds of CMS lines indicated the presence of cytoplasmic–nuclear interaction in alteration of floral traits. On the basis of floral characteristics, CMS systems could be grouped into distinct classes. Siifolia, tournefortii and trachystoma CMS lines had narrow petals, while moricandia, ogura and oxyrrhina had wider petals, which were distinguishable on the basis of visual observations. The ratio between length and width of petals were >2.0 in wide petal group but <2.0 in narrow petal group. Further, the relative position of anther and stigma, which was estimated as the ratio between stamen and style length could differentiate the CMS systems. Stamens were longer than styles in oxyrrhina, equal in moricandia and shorter in ogura, siifolia, tournefortii and trachystoma male sterile lines. Non‐viable pollen grains were present in moricandia and oxyrrhina systems, but absent in other systems. In tournefortii and trachystoma, few flowers showed petaloid corolla. All male sterile lines, except trachystoma, which showed crooked siliqua formation were at par with their respective maintainers for flower initiation, plant height, primary branches, seeds per siliqua, seed yield, harvest index, oil and protein content. In general, flower senescence and maturity occurred earlier in male sterile lines than in their respective maintainer lines. 相似文献
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Chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA restriction profiles of a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of Brassica juncea and its maintainer line were compared and found to be markedly different. Comparison of cpDNA restriction profiles of fifty different species of genus Brassica and some allied genera showed that the cpDNA profiles of CMS lines were similar to that of B. tournefortii for twenty different restriction endonucleases. This CMS system is thus not of spontaneous origin as reported earlier, but is alloplasmic in nature. Comparison of restriction profiles of mtDNA of B. tournefortii and CMS lines revealed some differences which might either be due to changes in DNA pattern during the transfer, or, due to the cytoplasm coming from a B. tournefortii line different from the one used in this study. 相似文献
13.
A novel and stable cytoplasmic male sterility CMS line of tuber mustard has been bred by subsequent backcrosses for 10 years.
Two specific markers atpA and orf220 were cloned and partially characterized in our previous study (Zhang et al. 2003). In this study, two new molecular markers, orf256 and orf305/orf324, have been isolated and identified. The orf256 gene size was found to be 825 bp in CMS line and a 1,357 bp in its maintainer line. Sequence analysis indicated that the
orf256 gene was an entire coding sequence and downstream of the cox1 gene. Interestingly, the 906 bp fragment, which contains part of the sequence of orf222, nad5 and orf139 genes, was found to be inserted from the 451st bp of 5′-flank of the 1,357 bp fragment. In the same way, the orf324 gene was isolated from CMS line and orf305 gene from its maintainer line. Both of them are entire coding sequences, upstream from nad3 and rps12 gene, and co-transcribed with the nad3 and rps12 genes. In addition, two molecular markers, orf256 and orf324/orf305, have been successfully converted into the SCAR markers. Subsequently, ORF256, ORF324, ORF305 protein and ORF256-M-431 fragment
are predicated to contain signal peptide sequences, and ORF220 was predicated to contain signal anchor sequence. RFLP analysis
results revealed that all of the molecular markers exhibited polymorphisms. Northern blot analysis indicated that the expression
level of these genes in CMS line is higher than that of the maintainer line. In the mass, all of these genes are expressed
lower in the leaf than that of floral organs between the CMS line and its maintainer line. The difference in expression pattern
of different mitochondrial specific marker genes suggests that the abundance of mitochondrial proteins is differentially regulated
in the organ/tissue development in tuber mustard. Results of this study also provide some novel and useful clues to explore
the biological function of these specific marker genes in the tuber mustard. 相似文献
14.
Molecular analysis of the fourth progeny of plants derived from a cytoplasmic male sterile chicory cybrid 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) chicory cybrids have previously been obtained by fusion between chicory and CMS sunflower protoplasts. Preliminary restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis has shown mitochondrial recombination events in CMS plants and their progeny. The aim of this study was to investigate the fate of the mitochondrial genome of the fourth progeny derived from one CMS cybrid. Southern hybridization using several specific mitochondrial sequences as probes have revealed polymorphic patterns between the plants analysed and, consequently, the genetic instability of this genome. Presence of the sequence responsible for cytoplasmic male sterility in sunflower (orf522) was detected by polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by molecular hybridization in the CMS chicory plants; however, its part in CMS expression in chicory did not appear obvious. Moreover, different flowering phenotypes, including completely fertile plants occurred and no correlation could be established between the different mitochondrial profiles and the flowering types. These results suggested some hypotheses and questions about the molecular determinant of CMS in chicory, its regulation and expression and questions about the mitochondrial-nuclear interactions. 相似文献
15.
Cytogenetical and molecular investigations on somatic hybrids of Sinapis alba and Brassica juncea and their backcross progeny 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Somatic hybrids of Sinapis alba+Brassica juncea (Sal Sal AABB) were synthesized by protoplast electrofusion. They were true genomic allopolyploids since they possessed 60 chromosomes, i.e. the sum of S. alba (2n= 24) and B. juncea (2n= 36) chromosomes. Chromosome pairing was predominantly bivalent with the occasional occurrence of multivalents in the pollen mother cells at diakinesis and metaphase I. Hybrids were completely pollen-sterile, but produced seeds on back-crossing with B. juncea and B. campestris. A total of 37 BC1 plants were raised from two somatic hybrids (JS-1 and JS-2) and 24 of these were analysed cytologically. The 22 plants originating from the pollinations of somatic hybrids with B. juncea showed a chromosome configuration of 18II+12I and had 42–86% pollen fertility. Two plants from the backcrosses of the somatic hybrid with B. campestris formed 10II +20I, and had 0–4% fertile pollen. Total DNA analysis by probing with pTA71 carrying a full-length 18S–25S rDNA fragment of the wheat nuclear genome revealed that the two somatic hybrids possessed all the characteristic bands of both the species, confirming their hybridity. Probing with the mitochondrial coxI and atp9 genes indicated mitochondrial genome recombination in the hybrids. Hybridization with chloroplast-specific psbD indicated that both the somatic hybrids possessed the cp genome of S. alba origin. 相似文献
16.
Richard G. FitzJohn Tristan T. Armstrong Linda E. Newstrom-Lloyd Aaron D. Wilton Michael Cochrane 《Euphytica》2007,158(1-2):209-230
Determining the potential for hybridisation between transgenic crops and their relatives is a major component of risk assessment.
Recent assessments of the extent of reproductive compatibility between crops and their relatives draw heavily on existing
data from experimental crosses to infer the likelihood of hybridisation and introgression. Since the literature in this area
continues to grow at a rapid pace, it is essential that such analyses can be easily updated. We used a database approach to
assemble data on reproductive compatibility for eight crop species in Brassica, Raphanus and Sinapis, using data from hand pollination, spontaneous (unassisted) pollination and trials using in vitro techniques (e.g. embryo
rescue), incorporating 326 studies and 216 species combinations. We found many reports for major crop species (B. juncea, B. napus, B. oleracea and B. rapa), but fewer for minor crops (B. carinata, B. nigra, Raphanus sativus and Sinapis alba). Many species combinations remain untested, and we highlight these information gaps. While reproductively incompatible species
can be discounted as targets for transgene escape, compatible species must be evaluated further in the particular context
where transgenic crops are grown. Because the data is retained in a database in a relatively unmodified form, multiple views
of the data can be generated; this review represents one possible view of this data. Our approach also allows new data to
be easily incorporated into future reanalyses and can be extended to other crop groups, and as such is a useful method of
assembling, analysing and sharing data for risk assessment.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
17.
K. Gaikwad A. Baldev P. B. Kirti T. Mohapatra S. R. Bhat V. Chopra S. Prakash 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(6):623-628
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Cytoplasmic male, steriles of Brassica campestris ssp. oleifera var. brown sarson were obtained m BO generation progenies Following the repeated back-crossing of the synthetic alloploid B. oxyrrhina (2n = 18, OO) ×B. campestris. (2n = 20, AA). Alloplasmic B. campestris plants resemble B. campestris in morphology and growth pattern and do not exhibit any trait of B. oxyrrhina, However, the leave; arc mildly chlorophyll deficient in the earlier stages and turn green at late stages In the development. The reproductive parts do not show and abnormalities except that the anthers are smaller and slenderer that the normal ones and are non dehiscent, containing only sterile pollen. 相似文献
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Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system based on the cytoplasm from Moricandia arvensis (mori) was investigated for fertility restoration and agronomic potential. Fertility restorer gene for mori CMS was introgressed from cytoplasm donor species as all the evaluated Brassica juncea genotypes (155) acted as sterility maintainers. The allosyndetic pairing between Ma and the A/B genome chromosomes in the monosomic addition plants (2n= 18II + 1Ma) facilitated the gene introgression. Partial fertility restoration (43–52% pollen grain stainability) in F1 hybrids and absence of segregation for male sterility in F2 progenies suggested gametophytic control of fertility restoration. The pollen fertility in the F1 hybrids was, however, sufficient to ensure complete seed set upon bag selfing. Introgression from M. arvensis also helped in correction of chlorosis associated with mori cytoplasm in CMS and fertile alloplasmic B. juncea plants. Yield evaluation of thirty F1 hybrids having the same nuclear genotype but varied male sterilizing cytoplasms (mori, oxy, lyr, refined ogu), in comparison to respective euplasmic hand bred control hybrids, allowed an estimate of yield penalty associated with different CMS systems. It ranged from 1.8% to 61.6%. Hybrids based on cytoplasmically refined ogu were most productive followed by those based on cytoplasmically refined mori CMS. The male sterility systems emanating from somatic hybridization were found superior than those developed from sexual hybridization. 相似文献
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Wild Brassica species and associated breeding lines were evaluated for their resistance to Delia radicum, the cabbage root fly, in the field in 1993 and in the field, glasshouse and laboratory in 1996. High levels of antibiosis
resistance were discovered in the field in 1993 in Brassica fruticulosa, B. incana, B. villosa and B. spinescens and confirmed in the field in 1996 while two B. oleracea accessions and the susceptible control Brussels sprouts variety, ‘Oliver’, were highly susceptible. No D. radicum pupae were found in the soil around the roots of B. fruticulosa and B. spinescens at the end of the season. All the Brassica species were attractive to egg-laying by D. radicum in the field and in a laboratory experiment and therefore lacked antixenosis resistance. In a series of glasshouse experiments,
Brassica species and breeding lines were inoculated with D. radicum eggs supplied from a laboratory culture and the effects of larval feeding on plants recorded. Brassica incana, B. fruticulosa and B. spinescens were highly resistant, most plants surviving, whilst B. macrocarpa and B. villosa were moderately resistant as were two F1 lines bred from a cross between B. macrocarpa and B. oleracea.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献