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1.
Zhi-liang CHEN Jian-qiang ZHANG Ling HUANG Zhi-hui YUAN Zhao-jun LI Min-chao LIU 《农业科学学报》2019,18(1):201-210
Biochar(BC) derived from waste products is a cost-effective sorbent for remediation of metal-contaminated soils.We studied the kinetics and adsorption mechanisms for removal of metal ions,such as lead(Pb~(2+)) and cadmium(Cd~(2+)) with biochar.The adsorption capacities of BC for Pb~(2+) and Cd~(2+) increased after alkaline treatment.The highest sorption capacities were 175.53 and 68.08 mg g~(–1),for Pb and Cd,respectively.The Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second kinetic equation could well fit the adsorption processes,revealing that the sorption mechanisms of Pb~(2+) and Cd~(2+) by BC are complex and predominantly controlled by chemisorption.BC has a higher affinity for Pb than Cd,due to easy hydrolysis of Pb at low pH.Furthermore,precipitation as carbonate minerals(2PbCO_3·Pb(OH)_2 and CdCO_3) and complexation with functional groups(carboxyl and hydroxyl) were also important for adsorption of Pb and Cd by BC. 相似文献
2.
在微波作用下,用尿素改性甘蔗渣制备螯合型吸附剂.采用静态摇瓶实验,研究了改性甘蔗渣吸附低浓度Cd2+和Cr3+的影响因素、动力学和热力学特性.结果表明,吸附Cd2+和Cr3+的最佳pH分别为6和4;吸附平衡时间分别为2 h和12 h;温度对吸附的影响不显著.改性甘蔗渣吸附Cd2+和Cr3+的动力学过程可以用二级动力学模型描述;Cd2+的等温吸附行为可以用Langmuir和Freundlich方程描述,Cr3+的吸附行为可以用Langmuir方程描述,它们的饱和吸附量分别为12.38 mg/g,23.92 mg/g;吸附Cd2+和Cr3+的ΔH分别为-5.70 kJ/mol和33.36 kJ/mol,ΔS分别为-25.28 J/(mol.K)和165.47 J/(mol.K);在290-320 K时,吸附Cd2+和Cr3+的ΔG分别为-13.09～-13.77 kJ/mol和-15.05～-19.91 kJ/mol;改性甘蔗渣吸附Cd2+和Cr3+分别为自发进行的放热和吸热过程.通过对甘蔗渣改性前后、吸附重金属离子前后的红外光谱分析,改性渣吸附Cd2+和Cr3+起重要作用的基团是为酰胺官能团. 相似文献
3.
为探讨银中杨、玉簪落叶所制备生物质炭对水体Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cr~(6+)吸附规律的差异及影响因素,采用限氧裂解法将银中杨及玉簪落叶制成生物质炭,并以此为吸附载体研究其在不同初始离子质量浓度、pH值、Na+浓度及接触时间等因素影响下对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cr~(6+)的吸附。结果表明:随着初始Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cr~(6+)质量浓度的增加(0~800 mg·L~(-1)),落叶生物质炭对相应重金属离子的吸附量也增加。将初始质量浓度设置在0~200 mg·L~(-1),生物质炭对3种金属离子的吸附量由大到小表现为Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Cr~(6+),然而,将初始离子质量浓度提升至300~800 mg·L~(-1),吸附量由大到小表现为Pb~(2+)、Cr~(6+)、Cd~(2+);溶液pH值由2增至8,可使Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)在生物质炭表面的吸附率得到迅速提升,然而,生物质炭对Cr~(6+)的吸附率在整个pH值变化范围则呈渐趋降低的趋势;随着Na+浓度增加(0~0.6 mol·L~(-1)),落叶生物质炭对3种金属离子所表现的吸附规律各不相同,其中,对Pb~(2+)的吸附量先下降而后渐趋升高,对Cd~(2+)的吸附量逐渐下降,而对Cr~(6+)的吸附量则表现为先增加而后下降。Na+离子浓度由0 mol·L~(-1)提升至0.6 mol·L~(-1)可使生物质炭对Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附量分别降低16.8%和97.1%,相反,对Cr~(6+)吸附量却有所促进,使其增加55.6%;生物质炭对初始质量浓度为400 mg·L~(-1)的Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Cr~(6+)吸附的数量随接触时间延长(0~1 440min)而逐渐增加,相同条件下由大到小表现为Pb~(2+)、Cr~(6+)、Cd~(2+);生物质炭对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的吸附主要以电性吸附为主,而专性吸附则为生物质炭吸附Cr~(6+)的主要机制。 相似文献
4.
José A Reyes-Gutiérrez Oziel D Montaez-Valdez Ramón Rodríguez-Macias Mario Ruíz-López Eduardo Salcedo-Pérez Cándido E Guerra-Medina 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2015,(3):497-502
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding a bacterial inoculum and a handmade additive to sugarcane silage(SCS) on the in situ digestibility of dry matter(DM). The treatments were: T1) sugarcane silage(SCS) and T2) sugarcane silage with 1% inoculum and 1% additive(SCS+). The bacterial inoculum consisted of 10.0% molasses, 1.0% yogurt, 5.0% chicken manure, 0.5% urea, and 83.0% water, and the additive was formulated with 1.0% urea, 0.1% ammonium sulfate, and 0.25% phosphorus. In situ dry matter digestibility(DMD) was determined using the nylon bag technique with four cows equipped with ruminal fistulas. Cows were fed with ensiled sugarcane supplemented with 1 kg of commercial concentrate. 5 g of ground sample for each sugarcane treatment were weighted in nylon bags and incubated for 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h in a completely randomized design with six replicates. The DMD(%) was higher(P<0.05) for SCS+ for all incubation times when compared with SCS. There were no differences in ruminal p H between the treatments for all the incubation times. The data suggested that the sugarcane silage with bacterial inoculum and additive could be an alternative for providing forage for ruminants during the season of low growth and quality grass. 相似文献
5.
选取黄壤、紫色土和石灰性土3种土壤为研究对象,采用一次平衡吸附法,研究了pH、有机质对镁吸附的影响.结果表明,不同pH和有机质条件下,土壤对镁的最大吸附量有较大差异,黄壤和紫色土受pH影响较明显,在pH3.5～7.5这个范围,黄壤对镁的最大吸附量变化在1 336.25g～2 054.77 mg/kg,紫色土在1 417.04～2 025.38 mg/kg,石灰性土变化不大.去有机质后,黄壤、紫色土和石灰性土对镁的吸附能力下降,最大吸附量分别减少363.31,148.72,120.00 mg/kg.Langmuir方程能很好的拟合土壤对镁的吸附过程.Abstract： The effects of pH and organic matter on adsorption of magnesium in yellow soil, purple soil and calcareous soil were studied in a batch adsorption experiment. Considerable differences were observed among the three soils in their maximum Mg adsorption under different pH and organic matter conditions.The adsorption of magnesium was mainly related to the changes in pH in yellow soil and purple soil. In the pH range of 3.5-7.5, the maximum magnesium adsorption varied from 1 336.25 to 2 054.77 mg · kg-1 in the yellow soil and from 1 417.04 to 2 025.38 mg · kg-1 in the purple soil, while little change was detected in the calcareous soil. The ability of Mg adsorption decreased after the removal of organic matter in the above three soils and the maximum Mg adsorption decreased by 363.31 mg· kg-1 , 148.72 mg · kg-1 and 120.00 mg · kg-1, respectively. Magnesium adsorption in soils was well fitted with the Langmuir equation. 相似文献
6.
以实验室酿酒后得到的柿子废渣为原料,利用其主要成分纤维素和单宁制备生物吸附剂,并通过对生物吸附剂进行化学改性增加其吸附效率,对溶液中重金属Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)进行吸附行为研究。结果表明:烘干的柿子废渣对重金属中Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)存在吸附作用,并对其进行吸附等温线研究,得到吸附剂对Pb~(2+)与Cd~(2+)的饱和吸附容量为46.08和25.00mg/g,而经NaOH改性后的柿子废渣附剂对Pb~(2+)与Cd~(2+)的饱和吸附容量为106.75和46.54mg/g,改性后吸附容量约是改性前吸附容量的2倍多,说明改性后效果显著。研究表明,经改性后的生物吸附剂成本较低、绿色环保,具有很大的潜在开发价值,并实现废渣的二次利用,为柿子产品的综合开发利用提供了新的途径。 相似文献
7.
《农业科学学报》2015,(1)
The adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution onto humic acid(HA) which was isolated from cattle manure(CHA), peat(PHA), and leaf litter(LHA) as a function of contact time, p H, ion strength, and initial concentration was studied using the batch method. X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS) was used to examine the coordination environment of the Cu(II) adsorbed by HA at a molecular level. Moreover, the chemical compositions of the isolated HA were characterized by elemental analysis and solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR). The kinetic data showed that the adsorption equilibrium can be achieved within 8 h. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order equation. The adsorption isotherms could be well fitted by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacities of Cu(II) on CHA, PHA, and LHA were 229.4, 210.4, and 197.7 mg g–1, respectively. The adsorption of Cu(II) on HA increased with the increase in p H from 2 to 7, and maintained a high level at p H7. The adsorption of Cu(II) was also strongly influenced by the low ionic strength of 0.01 to 0.2 mol L–1 Na NO3, but was weakly influenced by high ionic strength of 0.4 to 1 mol L–1 Na NO3. The Cu(II) adsorption on HA may be mainly attributed to ion exchange and surface complexation. XAS results revealed that the binding site and oxidation state of Cu adsorbed on HA surface did not change at the initial Cu(II) concentrations of 15 to 40 mg L–1. For all the Cu(II) adsorption samples, each Cu atom was surrounded by 4 O/N atoms at a bond distance of 1.95 ? in the first coordination shell. The presence of the higher Cu coordination shells proved that Cu(II) was adsorbed via an inner-sphere covalent bond onto the HA surface. Among the three HA samples, the adsorption capacity and affinity of CHA for Cu(II) was the greatest, followed by that of PHA and LHA. All the three HA samples exhibited similar types of elemental and functional groups, but different contents of elemental and functional groups. CHA contained larger proportions of methoxyl C, phenolic C and carbonyl C, and smaller proportions of alkyl C and carbohydrate C than PHA and LHA. The structural differences of the three HA samples are responsible for their distinct adsorption capacity and affinity toward Cu(II). These results are important to achieve better understanding of the behavior of Cu(II) in soil and water bodies in the presence of organic materials. 相似文献
8.
In order to valorize olive stones and to show its potential use in the sorption of two dispersed dyes, it was transformed in activate carbon and characterized. The effects of different system variables： pH, agitation speed, temperature and initial dye concentration were studied in the batch tests. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon for the dyes removal was found to be affected by the solution＇s pH. Acidic pH was found the favour disperse dyes removal. Over 95% removal was achieved for both the dyes at pH 3. The equilibrium time for both dyes was 30 min. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms could be used to describe the adsorption of the dyes. Freundlich adsorption model succeeded in fitting the adsorption isotherms of dyes on olive stones activated carbon in single-solute systems, and prediction of the competitive adsorption behavior of dyes with the Freundlich-based Sheindorf-Rebuhn-Sheintuch （SRS） model gave acceptable results. 相似文献
9.
《江苏农业学报》2016,(6)
为了探讨和研究治理环境中重金属污染的有效途径,以香菇菌糠为吸附剂吸附混合重金属(Cr~(3+)、Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+))溶液中的重金属离子,通过单因素试验研究吸附时间、p H值、投料量、重金属溶液初始浓度和菌糠粒径对吸附效果的影响。结果显示,对于混合的重金属离子溶液,在固定试验温度25℃和振摇速率200 r/min条件下,综合最佳吸附条件为:吸附时间60 min,p H4.0,投料量5 g/L,菌糠粒径小于0.5 mm。混合重金属溶液中,重金属离子之间存在竞争吸附。菌糠对3种重金属离子的吸附作用符合Lagergern准二级动力学模型;等温吸附模型中Cd~(2+)符合Langmuir吸附模型,Cr~(3+)和Pb~(2+)符合Freundlich吸附模型。在适当吸附条件下,香菇菌糠对混合重金属溶液中Cr~(3+)、Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)都有较强的去除能力。 相似文献
10.
聚丙烯酰胺处理土壤不同粒径团聚体中磷吸附和解析特性的研究(英文) 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
[Objective]The research aimed to provide scientific reference for reasonable utilization of polyacrylamide(PAM).[Method]After PAM treatment,the soil aggregates were classified through dry sieve analysis and the adsorption capacity and desorption capacity of all soil aggregates to phosphorus at different phosphorus concentrations were analyzed.[Result] The phosphorus adsorption and desorption of soil sample treated by PAM declined. The amount of phosphorus adsorption increased with the increase of phosphorus concentration and this increase was fast in low phosphorus concentration area but slow in high phosphorus concentration area.At different phosphorus concentrations,adsorption showed a へ shape changing trend.The phosphorus adsorption was related to phosphorus concentration and the 2-3 mm aggregate had the highest desorption rate while 0.1-0.25 mm aggregate and 0.45-1 mm aggregate had lowest desorption rate.[Conclusion]The PAM treatment generated significant influence on phosphorus adsorption and analytic features of aggregate in all size fractions. 相似文献
11.
[目的]为重金属污染植物的生态防御提供参考。[方法]用不同浓度CdCl2（0、1×10^-4、5×10^-4、1×10^-3、5×10^-3mol／L）处理萝卜幼苗,各处理整株喷洒等量工丑（N0,）,溶液（以喷洒等量蒸馏水为对照）,研究镧对铬胁迫下萝卜幼苗的防护效应。[结果]镉胁迫下,萝卜幼苗的株高、主根长、根系活力、叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性均有所下降,质膜透性、脯氨酸含量、过氧化氢酶（CAT）及过氧化物酶（POD）活性均显著升高;喷洒一定剂量（15mg／L）La（NO3）,后,萝卜幼苗的根系活力、叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶活性均有所升高,质膜透性、脯氨酸含量均有所降低。[结论]适当剂量的稀土元素镧可减轻重金属元素铬对萝卜幼苗的伤害。 相似文献
12.
钙、镧离子对苹果坐果的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
直接向‘富士’、‘新红星’苹果花序喷布１、１０ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１ＣａＣＬ２和０．１、０．５ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１ＬａＣＩ３后,除０．１ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１ＬａＣＩ３和１０ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１ＣａＣＩ２分别降低‘富士’苹果坐果和缩短雌蕊的寿命外,其它均不能显著改变苹果的坐果率和雌蕊的寿命。离体花粉培养证明,高浓度ＣａＣＩ２、ＬａＣＩ３显著抑制花粉的萌发和花粉管生长。 相似文献
13.
用剩余活性污泥吸附Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋的初步研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
城市污水厂在净化污水的同时,产生了大量的含高浓度重多金属离子（Ｍ＾ｎ＋）等有害物的剩余活性污泥（ＷＡＳ）,如何有效地处置利用它已社会的广泛关注,将部分ＷＡＳ作吸附剂回流至初沉池来降低污水及污泥中Ｍ＾ｎ＋含量,是一个非常好的创新设想,该研究旨在作有关ＷＡＳ的静态实验,发现其吸附规律和几个主要因子（ｐＨ,吸附时间,投配比等）的最佳值,结果表明活性污泥对Ｃｕ＾２＋和Ｚｎ＾２＋有很好的吸附效果。 相似文献
14.
Cr3+·Zn2+对亚心型大扁藻生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]观察重金属离子Cr^3＋、Zn^2＋对藻类生长的影响,为渔业生产及环境保护提供理论依据。[方法]在试验条件下,分别用不同浓度（C=0．01～100．00mg/L）的Cr^3＋、Zn^2＋处理绿藻门亚心型大扁藻（Rlztymonas sp.）。[结果]0．10mg／L Zn^2＋溶液促进亚心型大扁藻生长的效果最好,Cr^3＋、Zn^2＋浓度过高或过低都不利于亚心型大扁藻的生长。[结论]充分利用各种海洋及淡水藻类对污水进行净化是一条高效、节能的理想途径。 相似文献
15.
对苹果柱头Ca2 + 分泌和膜结合态Ca2 + 分布的分析表明 ,与小花蕾期相比 ,大花蕾期柱头Ca2 + 分泌率较高 ,膜结合态Ca2 + 较多 ;与不授粉相比 ,授粉明显增强了柱头表面CTC -Ca2 + 荧光强度 相似文献
16.
用高锰酸钾对花生壳进行改性,制成改性花生壳吸附材料,并进一步就该吸附剂对水中重金属离子Pb2+、Cd2+的吸附去除性能进行了考察,结果表明,吸附在18h后基本达到平衡,吸附Pb2+和Cd2+最佳初始pH值分别为4.5和6.5,对Pb2+的吸附量最大达到104.75mg·g-1,对Cd2+的吸附量最大达到43.11mg·g-1。对Pb2+和Cd2+在该吸附剂上的竞争吸附研究结果表明,竞争吸附的干扰使得Cd2+的吸附量降低88.47%,Pb2+的吸附量降低20.80%,且Pb2+的吸附量为Cd2+的5~6倍,吸附剂对重金属离子的吸附选择顺序为Pb2+>Cd2+。 相似文献
17.
黑藻吸附Cd~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的拓展Langmuir模型研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
运用沉水植物修复低浓度重金属污染是一种廉价和清洁的技术。采用摇床振荡试验方法,研究了不同pH条件下,沉水植物——轮叶黑藻鲜样对重金属镉和铜的吸附特征。结果表明,pH值对吸附结果影响较大,黑藻对镉和铜的吸附,最适宜的pH值分别为7.0和5.0。在选用的3个拓展Langmuir模型中,模型A拟合效果最好,模型B大大低估了黑藻对重金属镉和铜的吸附能力,模型C则略偏高,表明沉水植物黑藻对重金属镉和铜的吸附与离子所带电荷关系不大,且没有产生吸附剂-重金属-H+的复合式吸附产物(BMH)。运用模型A的回归参数,绘制的三维吸附网格图清晰阐明了不同H+浓度下,黑藻对重金属镉和铜的吸附曲面特征。拓展Langmuir模型A的计算值与实测值的对比表明:24mg·L-1≤C0≤72mg·L-1时,78%的镉吸附量计算值与实测值偏差控制在22%以内,90%的铜吸附量计算值与实测值偏差控制在10%以内。研究不同pH条件下黑藻对镉和铜的生物吸附特征,将有助于对沉水植物修复低浓度重金属污染技术的理解和规范。 相似文献
18.
研究了振荡时间、吸附温度、溶液初始浓度、离子强度等因素对蒙脱石及负载Cu2+和Pb2+的蒙脱石吸附水溶液中结晶紫的影响.结果表明三种吸附剂对结晶紫染料吸附过程用准二级动力学模型拟合较好;蒙脱石对结晶紫的吸附采用Freundlich和Langmuir等温方程拟合效果均较好;染料的吸附量均随初始浓度和温度升高而增大,随离子强度的增大而减小;三种吸附剂对结晶紫的吸附是一个吸热、熵增、自发反应的过程. 相似文献
19.
[目的]为研究Zn和Hg对植物的毒害机理提供理论依据。[方法]以辽春14小麦为材料,研究不同浓度Zn^2＋（0、10、50、100、200、400mg／L）和Hg^2＋（0、10、20、40、80、120mg／L）对其生理特性的影响。[结果]10、50、100、200、400mg／L Zn^2＋波处理的小麦叶片SOD活性分别为时照的115．93％、98．90％、126．37％、141．21％、157．14％,叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量均显著降低;10mg／L Zn^2＋处理的小麦叶片MDA含量低于对照;随着Zn^2＋浓度的升高,POD活性呈升高趋势。随着Hg^2＋浓度的增大,叶绿素含量呈下降趋势,SOD和POD活性总体呈升高趋势;40mg／L Hg^2＋处理的小麦叶片可溶性蛋白质含量与对照差异最大,为对照的79．15％;10mg／L Hg^2＋处理的小麦叶片MDA含量为对照的70．85％。[结论]随Zn^2＋和Hg^2＋浓度增加,小麦细胞膜损伤加重,SOD和POD活性升高。 相似文献
20.
Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)胁迫对番茄幼苗生长及过氧化物酶活性的影响(英文) 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
ZHAO Ying-chun 《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(2)
The growth situation and peroxidase (POD) of seedlings of two tomato cultivars were investigated under the stress of different concentrations of Cu2+ and Cd2+. The toxicity differences of Cu2+ and Cd2+ to tomato seedlings and the corresponding differences between two tomato cultivars were observed through the stress trial with the above two heavy metal ions. The results showed that low concentration of Cu2+ and Cd2+ could promote the growth and could enhance the POD activity of tomato seedlings,while high concentration Cu2+ and Cd2+ could inhibit seedling growth and POD activity of tomato seedlings. Cd2+ functioned more obviously than that of Cu2+,two tomato cultivars also presented difference in response to heavy metal stress. 相似文献