共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 906 毫秒
1.
陕西省土壤温度和水分状况估算 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
土壤温度和水分状况是中国土壤系统分类的两个重要诊断特性。土壤的水热状况受近地表温度和降水的直接影响,可以通过气候因素来估算土壤水分和温度状况。以陕西省85个气象台站连续30年的地面气象数据为基础,采用地统计与纽荷模型(JNSM)相结合的方法研究了陕西省土壤温度和水分状况及其空间分布。结果表明,土壤温度状况表现为:秦岭山区及其以北为温性,汉江河谷地区及其以南为热性;土壤水分状况表现为:长城以北为干旱,陕北黄土高原地区和关中盆地为半干润,秦岭以南为湿润,常湿润仅在最南端镇巴县和镇坪县的小部分南部地区存在。 相似文献
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四川省土壤温度状况空间分布特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
土壤温度状况(STR)在现代土壤系统分类中是确定土壤分类单元的重要诊断特性。利用四川省160个气象站点的多年年均和月均地面气候资料与数字高程模型数据,分析不同气象因子与地形因素对土壤温度(土温)的影响,然后以显著影响的因子为辅助变量,采用回归克里格法预测四川省STR的空间分布,依据中国土壤系统分类高级与基层分类划分标准中有关STR的定量诊断指标,对四川省STR及其空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明,气温、经度、纬度与海拔对土温有显著影响,在高级分类划分标准下,四川省STR以热性、温性、寒性为主,部分区域为永冻、冷性、高热;在基层分类划分标准下,四川省STR以热性、温性、冷性为主,部分地区为高寒性、近寒性、亚寒性、高热性。四川省STR分析为四川土壤系统分类与土壤资源的合理利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Intensified field management in orcahrds has resulted in significant and widespread acidification in the soils. However, effectively mapping the spatial patterns of soil pH aiming to support ecological management is impeded by its large variotions across soil types and planting durations. Kriging methods were used to integrate soil type and planting duration information for effective mapping of orchard soil pH in a case study in orchards of the Northeast Jiaodong Peninsula, East China. A total of 1 472 surface soil samples were collected, and the planting duration of each sampled orchard was acquired to generate a planting duration map via Voronoi tessellations. The performance of five kriging methods was compared, namely, ordinary kriging (OK), OK combined with soil type (OK_ST), OK combined with planting duration (OK_PD), cokriging combined with soil type and planting duration (OCK_STPD), and OK combined with soil type and planting duration (OK_STPD). Results showed that soil pH declined significantly with increasing planting duration and exhibited moderate spatial variability over the study area. Soil type and planting duration both had significant influence on the spatial distribution of soil pH. The OCK_STPD and OK_STPD methods showed better prediction efficiency than OK, OK_ST, or OK_PD. With regard to the predicted maps of soil pH, the OCK_STPD and OK_STPD methods highly reflected local variations associated with soil type and planting duration, but the OK method was poorly representative. Categorical soil type and planting duration information may be used as ancillary information to improve the mapping quality of orchard soil pH. The OCK_STPD and OK_STPD methods were practical and efficient methods for interpolating orchard soil pH in the study area. The resultant high-quality soil pH maps can contribute to improved site-specific management in the orchards. 相似文献
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Soils with cool, moist winters and relatively warm, dry summers, a Mediterranean climate, are recognized as having a xeric moisture regime in Soil Taxonomy. These soils are classified mostly in taxa that use the formative element “xer” in the name. Soil series with either a xeric moisture regime or an aridic regime bordering on a xeric moisture regime make up more than 48,640,000 hectares in the western part of the United States. They are classified in the orders of Mollisols (20,080,000 ha), Aridisols (11,200,000 ha), Alfisols (5,320,000 ha), Inceptisols (4,800,000 ha), Entisols (4,400,000 ha), Vertisols (1,520,000 ha), Andisols (960,000 ha), and Ultisols (960,000 ha). 相似文献
6.
基于多源数据的土壤水分反演及空间分异格局研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
温度植被干旱指数(TVDI)是一种通过反演土壤水分来反映土壤干旱状况的重要方法。在TVDI的基础上引入数字高程模型(DEM)数据对地表温度进行校正,能够减少地形起伏对能量二次分配的影响。用阈值将研究区分割成不同土地利用类型,结合野外同步实测数据,用分段反演模型反演渭-库绿洲土壤水分分布图,并对渭-库绿洲土壤水分的空间格局和分异规律进行分析。结果表明:(1)地形校正后的TVDI能够更好地反映土壤水分状况;(2)土壤水分总体上从西至东,由北向南降低,在绿洲内部较为稳定,在交错带变化较为剧烈,土壤水分垂直变异系数呈现幂函数递减的整体变化趋势;(3)针对研究区不同土地利用类型用分段反演模型进行反演,有效地实现优势互补,总体上提高了土壤水分的反演精度,在区域土壤水分研究中值得关注和应用。 相似文献
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垄膜沟秸秆种植方式对夏玉米水热效应的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对黄土高原半干旱区降水短缺且时空分配不均,严重地制约了半干旱区农业发展的现状,通过研究垄膜沟秸秆种植方式下夏玉米水热效应,揭示其保水调温和作物增产的机理。试验于2014—2015年在陕西杨凌设置了露地处理(CK)与垄膜沟秸秆处理(RMFS)田间试验。结果表明:垄膜沟覆秸秆种植方式可以提高表层土壤含水量;土壤温度主要表现出"高温低调,低温高调"的现象;缩短作物生育历时及调节作物耗水量以改善水分的供需平衡,显著地提高土壤水分利用效率和积温利用效率,2a土壤水分利用效率和积温利用效率分别提高了39.85%,43.34%。垄上覆膜沟内覆秸秆处理通过改善土壤水热交互状态,提升作物产量,是一种适宜有效的覆盖集雨措施。 相似文献
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南亚热带果园土壤二氧化碳释放变异性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LI Yue-Lin D. OTIENO K. OWEN ZHANG Yun J. TENHUNEN RAO Xing-Quan LIN Yong-Biao 《土壤圈》2008,18(3):273-283
Temporal variability in soil CO2 emission from an orchard was measured using a dynamic open-chamber system for measuring soil CO2 effiux in Heshan Guangdong Province, in the lower subtropical area of China. Intensive measurements were conducted for a period of 12 months. Soil CO2 emissions were also modeled by multiple regression analysis from daily air temperature, dry-bulb saturated vapor pressure, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Data was analyzed based on soil moisture levels and air temperature with annual data being grouped into either hot-humid season or relatively cool season based on the precipitation patterns. This was essential in order to acquire simplified exponential models for parameter estimation. Minimum and maximum daily mean soil CO2 effiux rates were observed in November and July, with respective rates of 1.98 ± 0.66 and 11.04 ± 0.96 μmol m^-2 s^-1 being recorded. Annual average soil CO2 emission （FCO2） was 5.92 μmol m^-2 s^-1. Including all the weather variables into the model helped to explain 73.9% of temporal variability in soil CO2 emission during the measurement period. Soil CO2 effiux increased with increasing soil temperature and soil moisture. Preliminary results showed that Q10, which is defined as the difference in respiration rates over a 10 ℃ interval, was partly explained by fine root biomass. Soil temperature and soil moisture were the dominant factors controlling soil CO2 effiux and were regarded as the driving variables for CO2 production in the soil. Including these two variables in regression models could provide a useful tool for predicting the variation of CO2 emission in the commercial forest Soils of South China . 相似文献
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Yusuke Takata Tsuneo Kuwagata Kazunori Kohyama Hiroshi Obara 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):294-302
The soil temperature regime map provides for utilitarian classification that can be superimposed on soil classification to permit more precise interpretations and assessments of land use. The objects of this study are (1) to clarify the relationship between soil temperature and meteo-geographical factors, and then (2) to delineate detailed soil temperature regime map (1?km grid) as Japanese land resources inventory. There was a parallel relationship between mean annual soil temperature (MAST) and mean annual air temperature (MAAT), but this relationship was affected to some extent by the mean annual wind speed and mean annual global irradiation in this study. Furthermore, the difference between MAST and MAAT [Diff(MAST–MAAT)] showed the highest correlation with elevation. The map of RK_Diff(MAST–MAAT) was computed using this meteo-geographical relationship with the regression-kriging approach, and then the map of MAST and the soil temperature regime map were delineated using the map of MAAT and the RK_Diff(MAST–MAAT). The root mean square error of this delineation procedure was 0.47°C. It was clear that the majority of the Japanese soils had “mesic” soil temperature regime, and Japanese agricultural land was mainly distributed at “mesic” area and followed by “thermic”, “frigid”, and “hyperthermic” area. For promoting this land resource inventory, the soil temperature regime map will be uploaded on “Soil Information Web Viewer (http://agrimesh.dc.affrc.go.jp/soil_db/)”, which is provided by the National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences. 相似文献
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以空间图形和数据库为基础,利用GIS把特定区域内土壤水分样点数据与地理数据结合起来,建立不同利用类型-土地类型-坡度分级-坡向等的浮点型土壤含水率字段,对区域尺度土壤水分制图及其动态模拟方法进行了研究和探讨. 相似文献
11.
植烟黄壤氮素矿化动态模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究不同温度和水分条件下植烟土壤有机氮的矿化动态,为田间土壤氮素矿化的预测提供依据。采用好气间歇淋洗方法,探求不同温度培养模式[恒温20℃,恒温35℃,变温(5、10、15、20、25、30、35、30、25、20℃)],不同温度(5~40℃)与不同土壤含水量(风干土~53%)交互作用下的土壤有机氮矿化动态,并建立回归方程。运用田间土壤氮素矿化数据,进行模型验证。结果显示,变温培养下土壤氮素矿化动态与恒温培养显著不同,变温下土壤矿化氮的累积动态以积温模型的拟合效果最好;指数模型能够较好描述土壤有机氮矿化对土壤水分含量的反应。在土壤氮素矿化积温模型和水分函数的基础上,建立了变化温度与水分条件下的土壤氮素矿化模型。田间实测矿化数据验证了此模型的可行性。因此,可以利用有效积温和土壤含水量来估测田间土壤氮素矿化量。 相似文献
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基于全国第二次土壤普查东北地区土壤数据,以ArcGIS和GS+软件为支撑,对比分析了反距离加权法(IDW)、径向基函数(RBF)、普通克里金(OK)和回归克里金(RK)4种地统计空间插值方法在7个不同样本容量下土壤全氮含量(STNC)的空间插值效果。结果表明,由普查数据得到的东北地区STNC在0.08~21.48 g/kg之间,数据变异性较大;STNC空间结构表现出中强度空间自相关性,空间自相关范围大于同区域的小尺度采样研究;样本容量<171时,STNC空间变异性发生变化,空间结构特征和精度检验水平难以确信。4种空间插值方法对STNC空间趋势表达均呈现从东北向西南方向递减规律,空间趋势预测效果为:RK >OK >RBF >IDW。RK方法通过线性回归分析添加了阳离子交换容量(CEC)、年均温(MAT)、土层厚度(d)和pH值等辅助信息,比IDW,RBF和OK方法的插值精度分别提高了19.40%,18.50%和16.15%;在不同样本容量下RK方法的插值精度较为稳定且对无样点区STNC的空间趋势预测也体现出了更多细节信息,因此对于大尺度低密度采样的土壤属性空间插值可重点考虑RK方法。 相似文献
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S. O. Oshunsanya K. O. Oluwasemire O. J. Taiwo 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(5):565-575
Soil heterogeneity is one of the several factors that explain within-field variations in crop yielding. To overcome this problem, an experiment was conducted within the University of Ibadan to identify the zones with similar soil properties that can be managed uniformly to optimize crop yield. A total of 62 soil samples were collected from 6.5 ha of farmland based on the differences in slope, soil moisture regime, land management and cropping pattern. The spatial distributions of soil properties were mapped out using the Inverse Distance Weighing (IDW) interpolation technique and the results were subsequently reclassified into different soil management categories. The results showed that the farmland consists of four classes of total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and soil bulk density (SBD); three classes of carbon (C) and volumetric moisture content (?); two classes of soil pH; and one class of soil texture. Each of the soil management maps was subsequently overlaid on each other to produce four specific site management units (SSMUs) for vegetable cultivation. The four SSMUs consisted of highly suitable units occupying 0.143 ha, marginally suitable unit occupying 0.971 ha, moderately suitable unit occupying 0.517 ha and unsuitable unit occupying 4.9 ha of land. The SSMUs will alleviate problems of reduced yield due to over- or under-applications of agrochemicals. 相似文献
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Data from proximal soil sensors can facilitate digital soil mapping at high spatial resolutions. However, their use for predicting static soil properties, such as texture, is affected by spatio-temporal changes in environmental and measurement conditions. In this research study, seasonal changes in spatial patterns and repeatability of data provided by a platform that simultaneously measures the red (Red) and near infrared (NIR) reflectance, apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa), temperature, and volumetric moisture content of topsoil (at 3–6 cm depth) were assessed. Test fields are located in Southern Finland with textures dominated by clay and fine sandy till. During single scans, mean relative differences between the data from duplicated measurement points ranged from ~4% to 6% and were the highest for temperature and Red values. The consistency of spatial patterns across seasons (spring and autumn 2021 and 2022) was the highest for ECa values, and the lowest for NIR. ECa and moisture were significant for predicting the clay contents at a cereal grain crop site, whereas temperature was significant at grass ley sites. Errors were generally lower when using spring data compared with autumn data (RMSE ranging from 4.8% to 11.1% for the data from different fields and measurement dates). For the fields, where static soil properties change at small spatial scales, spatially detailed moisture and temperature data support the understanding of seasonal changes in the spatial patterns derived from multi-sensor data, and the corresponding changes in the performance of calibration models. 相似文献
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Stephen Cole Christopher Post Charles Privette Mark A. Schlautman Michael Cope 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(11):1309-1318
The infiltration rate (IR) of water is a key soil property related to hydrological processes, soil health, and ecosystem services. However, detailed measurements of IR in the field and/or laboratory are labor-intensive and expensive to perform. Soil judging in the field provides a rapid and inexpensive method to estimate IR classes based on soil texture, soil organic carbon/matter, and soil structure. The objectives of this study were to classify and compare soil texture and IR for the A horizon across the 147 ha Cornell University Willsboro Research Farm using the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database and field-based measurements. Soil texture was the dominating factor to explain the general trend of Entisols > Inceptisols > Alfisols with regard to IR in the A horizon. In general, the variability in soil texture observed in field measurements was consistent with the variability reported in the SSURGO database, although the SSURGO representative values for soil texture did not completely match measured mean values for all soil map units. With the exception of one soil map unit, estimates of IR classes utilizing soil judging in the field criteria also were consistent when using either SSURGO or field-based data. Estimating infiltration rate classes for ecosystem services frameworks using geospatial analysis of field and/or SSURGO data can be enhanced with emerging technologies (e.g., sensors) and/or easily measured conventional soil properties. 相似文献
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盐渍化土壤水分微波雷达反演与验证 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
土壤介电常数是微波遥感进行土壤含水率测量的物理基础,尤其介电常数实部是必须解决的问题,土壤介电特性的研究显得尤为重要。该文目的是试验与评价C波段RADARSAT-2 SAR(synthetic aperture radar)数据模拟土壤介电特性,进而反演土壤水分的性能。以受盐渍化影响较严重的内蒙古河套灌区解放闸灌域为试验区,首先回归分析了介电常数实部与SAR四极化后向散射系数、地表粗糙度的复杂关系,并与Oh经验模型对照,其决定系数R2为0.859 7,模拟精度较高;然后验证常用的2个介电常数模型,Dobson半经验模型、Hallikainen简化实部经验模型模拟的介电常数实部与实测值的决定系数R~2分别为0.935 9、0.869,表明2个模型均能模拟地表土壤水分与介电常数实部的密切关系;最后构建了Dobson模型、Hallikainen简化实部模型反演土壤含水率的模型,并与统计回归模型比照,其模拟数值与土壤实测值的决定系数R2分别为0.803 8、0.737 4、0.842 1,均方根误差RMSE分别为5.2%、5.7%、5%。Dobson模型与统计回归模型反演结果与实地土壤墒情分布较为吻合,具有良好的精度和适用性,从而建立了一个较为完整的土壤介电特性研究体系,为微波遥感监测土壤水分奠定了基础。 相似文献
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覆膜条件下地温将发生改变,为研究其变化规律,2008和2009年在新疆库尔勒市开展了棉花膜下滴灌田间试验,设置了不同灌溉处理和地表覆盖情况的试验小区,对土壤水热状况进行了监测和对比,结果表明：气象条件、土壤水分、地膜和棉株覆盖等因素综合影响棉花生育期地温分布规律,出苗期15 cm深度处膜下地温高于膜间1.6℃,蕾期和花铃期膜间地温逐渐超过膜下,吐絮期二者又趋于相等;土壤水分和温度存在耦合作用,土壤含水率高则热容量大,相应的温度变化幅度小,但在相同的含水率下,覆膜处理平均地温高于无膜处理。研究表明,膜下滴灌有效起到保温保墒作用,克服土壤高地温低含水率或低地温高含水率的矛盾,可为作物生长创造较好的土壤水热条件。 相似文献
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基于环境变量的渭干河-库车河绿洲土壤盐分空间分布 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
土壤属性的数字制图对精准农业生产和环境保护治理至关重要。为了在大尺度上尽可能精确的监测土壤盐分空间变异性,该文使用普通克里格(ordinary kriging,OK)、地理加权回归(geographically weighted regression,GWR)和随机森林(random forest,RF)方法,结合地形、土壤理化性质和遥感影像数据等16个环境辅助变量,绘制渭干河-库车河绿洲表层土壤盐分分布图。基于决定系数(R^2)、均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)验证模型精度。结果表明:不同方法预测的盐分分布趋势没有显著差异,大体上从研究区的西北向东南部方向增加;结合辅助变量的不同预测方法中,RF方法预测精度最高,R^2为0.74,RMSE和MAE分别为9.07和7.90 mS/cm,说明该模型可以有效地对区域尺度的土壤盐分进行定量估算;RF方法对电导率(electric conductivity,EC)低于2 mS/cm时预测精度最高,RMSE为3.96 mS/cm,很好的削弱了植被覆盖对电导率EC的影响。 相似文献
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土壤前期含水量是影响土壤侵蚀模拟与预测的重要因素之一,许多研究关注了气候(降雨等)条件对土壤前期含水量的影响。选择黄土丘陵区桑塔小流域,通过野外定点观测,分析了非气候因子(土地利用、坡度、坡向、坡位)对土壤水分的影响,提出了各因子对土壤水分的影响系数和计算方法,建立了研究区5—10月各月土壤水分模拟方程。主要结果:(1)研究区土壤水分平均含量在5—10月期间均表现为先下降后升高的趋势,在8月份达到最低。不同土地利用类型土壤水分含量由大到小的顺序依次为:梯田>坡耕地>荒草地>果园>刺槐林>柠条林。(2)依据坡度、坡向、坡位、土地利用类型对土壤水分的影响,采用标准化处理,计算出了影响土壤水分的土地利用系数、坡向系数和相对坡位系数。(3)以土壤含水量为因变量,以坡度和经过标准化处理得到的影响土壤水分的土地利用系数、坡向系数、相对坡位系数为自变量,进行回归分析,得到5—10月各月的土壤水分模拟方程,其决定系数R2为0.54～0.64,F统计量P值均远远小于0.05显著水平,可用于同类区域的土壤水分模拟。 相似文献
20.
海伦市耕层土壤有机质含量空间预测方法研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
有机质含量是表征土壤肥力质量的重要属性,其空间分布模式对于施肥等耕作管理措施的推荐具有重要的指导意义。本文以我国黑土区黑龙江省海伦市为研究区域,在土壤采样点数量较有限的情况下,分别采用普通克里格、反距离权重、遥感反演和基于土壤学专业知识四种方法对耕层土壤有机质含量进行了空间预测。结果表明:四种方法表征的海伦耕地土壤有机质含量空间分布特征具有相似性,即由东北向西南方向递减。空间预测精度从高到低依次为反距离权重、普通克里格、基于土壤学专业知识和遥感反演法;而在有机质的局部变异细节表达方面,从高到低为遥感反演、基于土壤学专业知识、反距离权重和普通克里格法。四种方法中仅遥感反演法预测结果的极差范围较宽,普通克里格法则存在明显的平滑效应,而综合比较结果则表明,最合适的方法是基于土壤学专业知识的方法。 相似文献