共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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采用多孔聚酯泡沫块固定里氏木霉大三相流化床固定化反应器中同时产酶同时降解壳聚糖，结果表明，通过控制降解时间可以得到不同平均聚合度的降解物，在28℃，pH4.8，通气量2.5vvm条件下，重复利用菌丝降解2%（w/v)浓度壳聚糖，每批产生的壳聚糖酶活力平均达到150mU.mL^-1以上，壳聚糖平均降解率为72%以上，利用此固定化反应器，在45天内连续进行15批同时产酶降解试验，结果发现壳聚糖酶活和壳聚糖降解率能保持稳定。 相似文献
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低分子壳聚糖对罗非鱼肝组织抗氧化能力和肝脂含量影响的研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
采用单因子浓度梯度法,研究低分子壳聚糖(SMW-chitosan )对尼罗罗非鱼(Tilapia niloticn)肝组织抗氧化能力和肝脂含量的影响实验发现．0．25％低分子壳聚糖能显著提高罗非鱼肝组织抗超氧阴离f自由基和超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)浓度。适宜剂量的低分子壳聚精可降低罗非鱼的肝脂含量．其中O．50％低分子壳聚糖的降肝脂效果最为显著。实验表明,适宜剂量的壳聚糖可有效地提高罗非鱼的肝组织抗氧化能力．降低肝脏的脂肪含量。 相似文献
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壳聚糖是自然界中少见的带正电荷的聚合物,经辐射降解脱乙酰化处理改性后的低分子壳聚糖,具有优良的生物相容性,无毒副作用,其代谢物也无毒,能被生物体完全吸收。水产养殖的一些研究和试验表明,低分子量壳聚糖具有促进鱼体生长的作用,但过高量的壳聚糖会明显抑制鱼的生长。在水产养殖条件下,高密度养殖所带来的多种多样的应激以及环境污染损害了养殖动物的防御系统而增加了动物对病害的易感性。已发现有20多种病毒可以感染虾类。而对付这些病毒至今尚没有有效的方法,其它传染性细菌病在虾类养殖中也很常见。据最近的研究报导,应用免疫刺激物… 相似文献
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昆虫源壳聚糖在鲫鱼饲料中适宜添加水平的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将平均体重为25.2±1.7 g·尾 -1的225尾鲫鱼( Carasslius auratus )随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每组15尾.饲喂昆虫源壳聚糖5种不同添加水平(0%、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%和1.00%)的饲料,研究昆虫源壳聚糖在鲫鱼饲料中的适宜添加水平.结果表明,添加昆虫源壳聚糖不同程度提高了鲫鱼的相对增重率,显著降低了饵料系数( P <0.05),0.50%壳聚糖添加水平组的生长性能最好.通过计算最佳相对增重率和饵料系数时的昆虫源壳聚糖添加水平以及结合试验结果,认为鲫鱼饲料中昆虫源壳聚糖的适宜添加水平为0.50%～0.60%. 相似文献
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从虾塘底泥中分离到1株高产壳聚糖酶的菌株,将其命名为QY01.研究发现其最适培养基组分为胶体壳聚糖1.0%、葡萄糖0.1%、酵母粉0.3%、K2HPO4·3H2O 0.2%、MgSO4·7H2O 0.1%、NaCl 0.5%、(NH4)2SO4 0.5%、起始pH 6.最适培养条件为6%接种量,30℃、160 r/min培养72 h,在此条件下发酵液酶活可达10.87 U/mL,表明筛选到的菌株在降解壳聚糖方面具有较好的利用价值和开发前景.对QY01进行了16S rDNA形态特征及生理生化特性鉴定分析,经序列比对,该菌株与芽孢杆菌属的同源性高达99%;形态特征与生理生化鉴定结果与16S rDNA鉴定结果相符,初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.). 相似文献
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不同源壳聚糖对鲫生长和抗感染能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将180尾平均体质量(25.1±1.5)g/尾的鲫随机分为3个处理组,饲喂3种饲料(基础饲料、基础饲料+0.50%普通虾蟹壳壳聚糖、基础饲料+0.50%昆虫壳聚糖),每个处理组4个重复,每个重复15尾,研究不同源壳聚糖对鲫生长和抗嗜水气单胞菌感染能力的影响.试验结果表明,添加昆虫源壳聚糖显著提高了鲫的特定生长率,显著降低了饵料系数(P< 0.05),昆虫壳聚糖处理组的生长性能高于普通壳聚糖处理组(P< 0.05);壳聚糖的添加显著提高了鲫抗嗜水单胞菌感染的半致死浓度LD50(P< 0.05),昆虫壳聚糖处理组的LD50高于普通壳聚糖处理组(P< 0.1). 相似文献
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卡托普利/壳聚糖-明胶网络多聚物缓释微球制备工艺的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用壳聚糖、明胶为载体材料,乳化交联法制备卡托普利/壳聚糖明胶网络多聚物缓释微球(Cap/CGNPMs), 以部分因子设计试验优化微球的制备处方和工艺。结果表明,壳聚糖分子量(700000 Da)、药物与载体材料投料比(1∶4)、交联剂组成(甲醛+三聚磷酸钠)、交联度(1∶0 .75)、添加0 75%微晶纤维素为制备Cap/CGNPMs 的较理想条件。按较理想处方和工艺制得的Cap/CGN PMs粒径分布范围为220~280μm,包封率46. 23±4 .51%,载药量9. 95±0 .77% , 方法重现性好,体外释药试验证明,Cap/CGNPMs具有良好的缓释延效作用。 相似文献
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改性壳聚糖对染料废水的脱色研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以壳聚糖(chitosan)为原料,与卤代烷反应进行烷基化改性,用改性后的壳聚糖对酸性铬蓝K、曙红Y和亚甲基蓝的染料废水进行处理,研究了pH、投加量、时间和温度对脱色效果的影响.结果表明,在酸性较强的情况下,添加吸附剂的量有所减少,并且酸性越强,减少量越多;在一定范围内,脱色率随温度的升高而增大;随着吸附剂添加量的增加,脱色率有所提高;对3种不同染料的脱色效果为:酸性铬蓝K＞曙红Y＞亚甲基蓝;吸附过程能较好地遵循二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温方程. 相似文献
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以罗非鱼Tilapia mossambica鱼鳞为原料,经低温酶解提取鱼鳞Ⅰ型胶原,将鱼鳞Ⅰ型胶原与壳聚糖进行混合交联,冻干后制成胶原-壳聚糖止血海绵。以止血海绵的密度、吸水倍数、保水率、透气率和止血时间为指标,通过单因素实验和正交试验优化获得最佳的制备工艺:胶原与壳聚糖配比7∶3、制备液总浓度1.4%、交联剂添加量0.015%。在该最佳工艺下制备的止血海绵密度为22.95mg/cm3、吸水倍数为45.34、保水率为55.83%、透气率为46.36%、止血时间为68.0s,呈蜂窝状多孔结构,具有优良的持水性和透气性。 相似文献
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Solutions of chitosan (2%, w/v), garlic essential oil (5%, v/v), and their combination (2%, w/v chitosan +5%, v/v garlic essential oil) were applied to the surface of grass carp fillets. Subsequently, sensory, microbiological analyses (total viable count (TVC), Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., and H2S-producing bacteria), and physicochemical changes (total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and centrifugation loss) of grass carp fillets were evaluated over a 16-day storage at 4 ± 1°C. The treated samples resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) higher overall acceptance scores than the control from day 8. The TVC of grass carp fillets was reduced from the initial level (4.0 log CFU/g) to 2–3 log CFU/g when the fillets were treated with either garlic essential oil or chitosan solution. After 4 days of storage, the Pseudomonas spp. counts in the chitosan-treated samples were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the counts in control and samples treated with garlic essential oil. A lag phase of 6 days for the counts of H2S-producing bacteria of fish fillets that were treated with chitosan or the combination solution was observed. The combination of chitosan with garlic essential oil did not show synergistic effects, although it displayed a higher degree of antimicrobial efficacy with respect to the spoiled bacteria. However, the combination of chitosan with garlic essential oil was the most effective at inhibiting the formation of TVB-N. Samples that were treated with garlic essential oil displayed the highest TBARS levels on days 4 and 6 (p < 0.05). 相似文献
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Shengjun Wu 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(8):1368-1374
ABSTRACTIn the present study, investigated were the preparation of water-soluble chitosan (WSC) by hydrolysis of original chitosan with commercial α-amylase and the suppressive effect of WSC on denaturation of bay scallop adductor muscle myofibrillar protein (Mf) during frozen storage at ?18°C for 12 months. The WSC (2.5- to 10-g dry weight) was added to 100 g of the Mf, and the changes in the Ca-ATPase activity, solubility, and sulfhydryl content were examined during frozen storage. The addition of WSC significantly reduced the denaturation of the Mf Ca-ATPase. Moreover, a significant increase in Mf solubility and sulfhydryl content was observed in the WSC-treated bay scallop adductor muscles compared with the control (p < 0.05) during frozen storage at ?18°C. 相似文献
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T. Helgason J. Weiss D. J. McClements J. Gislason J. M. Einarsson F. R. Thormodsson 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(3):216-233
ABSTRACT Chitosan is a cationic biopolymer that has been used extensively in dietary supplements to reduce fat absorption in the fight against obesity. The mechanism of fat binding of chitosan is still not fully understood and has been the subject of controversy. This study was designed to improve the understanding of the underlying mechanism by investigating the interaction of chitosan with oil-in-water emulsion droplets. Our results indicated that (0.1% w/w) chitosan adsorbed to a 20% w/w phosphatidylcholine-stabilized anionic primary emulsion to form a secondary cationic emulsion by electrostatic attraction forces under conditions resembling the stomach (pH 2). Bile salts (6 mM) were added to simulate secretion in the small intestine and pH increase. Bile salts adsorbed to the chitosan secondary emulsion, which resulted in aggregation of oil droplets followed by coalescence due to close packing of droplets. Increased viscosity (267–2531 cp) and increased degree of deacetylation (40–92% DDA) of chitosan enhanced emulsion breakdown. Increasing the pH to 7.5 without addition of bile salts yielded little aggregation. Pronounced aggregation is thought to decrease the accessibility of lipase to the oil resulting in lower bioavailability and reduced caloric intake. Understanding how chitosan interacts with oil droplets in the digestive tract is vital to developing a comprehensive model of the influence of chitosan on the bioavailability of dietary lipids. The information gained in this study may be useful for the interpretation and experimental design of animal and human feeding studies and for the rational design of chitosan-based functional foods for fat reduction. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(2):27-52
Various procedures for preparation of the biopolymers chitin and chitosan have been developed over the years. Preparation methodology and analysis of physicochemical properties of these biopolymers are reviewed in terms of crustacean species and diverse characterization methodology. Such properties influence biopolymer functionality differing with crustacean species and preparation methods. Monitoring of the relationship between process conditions and chitin/chitosan products is needed to insure uniformity and proper product quality control. Research with chitosan derived from crawfish processing operations indicates the need for a more integrated approach for total resource utilization. Examples of value-added processing by-products, coupled with chitosan recovery, are noted. 相似文献
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关于壳聚糖制备条件的研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
本文采用正交实验法系统地研究了Na0H浓度,碱处理时间及碱处理温度这三个主要因素对制备壳聚糖的影响,并以粘度和脱乙酰度为主要性能指标,提出了一套较为合理的壳聚糖制备工艺条件。 相似文献
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采用壳聚糖为载体,优化了海洋微生物YS2071脂肪酶的壳聚糖固定化条件。结果显示,在壳聚糖浓度为2% (m/v)、氢氧化钠浓度为12% (m/v)、乙酸浓度为1% (v/v)、戊二醛浓度为0.25% (v/v)、与戊二醛交联的时间为12 h及添加2 ml (1120 U)的游离脂肪酶时,固定化脂肪酶的活力最高,其活力回收率达到69.4%。对游离脂肪酶与固定化脂肪酶的酶学性质进行比较,结果显示,游离脂肪酶的最适反应温度为40℃,而固定化脂肪酶的最适反应温度为45℃,固定化脂肪酶的温度稳定性明显优于游离脂肪酶。最适反应pH均为8.0,脂肪酶经过固定化之后,酸碱耐受性增大。重复利用10次的固定化脂肪酶的酶活力保留率仍高于65%。固定化脂肪酶贮藏半衰期为96 d,而游离脂肪酶的贮藏半衰期是33 d。固定化脂肪酶与游离脂肪酶的酶活力保留率在不同有机试剂中表现出不同的稳定性。 相似文献
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本研究以初始体重为(15.46±0.06) g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼为实验对象,采用2×3双因素实验设计,研究饲料中壳寡糖(Chitosan oligosaccharide,COS)和低聚木糖(Xylo-oligosaccharide,XOS)对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、体组成和血液生化指标的影响。养殖实验在全封闭循环水养殖系统中进行,养殖周期为60 d。9组实验饲料粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别为53%和11%;每组饲料随机投喂3桶,每桶30尾鱼。结果显示,饲料中同时添加0.5%的壳寡糖、1.0%的低聚木糖对大菱鲆幼鱼的促生长作用最明显,相对增重率显著提高。饲料中壳寡糖和低聚木糖对大菱鲆幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数、蛋白质效率均有显著影响(P<0.05),但对大菱鲆体成分影响不显著(P>0.05);低聚木糖和壳寡糖对大菱鲆幼鱼特定生长率、增重率、全鱼粗脂肪和灰分、血清甘油三酯、溶菌酶以及碱性磷酸酶均存在显著交互作用(P<0.05)。研究表明,低聚木糖和壳寡糖配合使用可以显著提高大菱鲆幼鱼的生长效果,并且可在一定程度上增强其非特异性免疫能力,降低血脂含量。 相似文献