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1.
Seamless knitting for making bras is a novel approach. The fitting evaluation of these products remains unknown and there
is limited knowledge about the effects of knitting parameters on the bra tension. This study developed 3 styles of seamless
knitted bras with various loop length and elastic yarn tension based on a 22 full factorial experimental design with one additional centre level. Therefore, a total of 3 × 5= 15 new seamless bra samples
have been knitted. The skin pressure exerted by the new bras was compared with 4 commercial bras including 2 “cut and sewn”
wired bras and 2 seamless knitted bras. Six women subjects of breast size 75B* in our newly developed breast sizing system
were invited to wear all the bra samples. The skin pressure exerted by the bra was measured by the Novel pliance-X pressure
sensors on 11 body positions. The results indicated that newly developed seamless bras showed lower pressure than the commercial
bras, but had a considerably higher pressure at the cup base point. The new seamless bras with the largest loop length presented
the lowest pressure values. Furthermore, empirical equations were established to predict 2 critical pressure points at “apex”
and “side bottom band” from two major knitting parameters. This study provides the new knowledge of seamless knitted bra fitting
and the resulted bra pressure, as well as some guidelines for seamless knitted product design and manufacturing. 相似文献
2.
Ali Afzal Tanveer Hussain Mumtaz Hassan Malik Abher Rasheed Sheraz Ahmad Abdul Basit Ahsan Nazir 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(7):1539-1547
The aim of this study was to analyze and model the effect of knitting parameters on the air permeability of Cotton/Polyester double layer interlock knitted fabrics. Fabric samples of areal densities ranging from 315–488 g/m2 were knitted using yarns of three different cotton/polyester blends, each of two different linear densities by systematically varying knitting loop lengths for achieving different cover factors. It was found that by changing the polyester content in the inner and outer fabric layer from 52 to 65 % in the double layer knitted fabric did not have statistically significant effect on the fabric air permeability. Air permeability sharply increased with increase in knitting loop length owing to decrease in fabric areal density. Decrease in yarn linear density (tex) resulted in increase in air permeability due to decrease in areal density as well as the fabric thickness. It was concluded that response surface regression modeling could adequately model the effect of knitting parameters on the double layer knitted fabric air permeability. The model was validated by unseen data set and it was found that the actual and predicted values were in good agreement with each other with less than 10 % absolute error. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to find out the relative contribution of each input parameter on the air permeability of the double layer interlock knitted fabrics. 相似文献
3.
Young Seok Koo 《Fibers and Polymers》2002,3(2):80-84
Tension control is an important factor in producing high quality knitted products and in maintaining good processing condition.
Yarn tension during knitting is subject to be affected from many elements of the machine and process parameters. Several factors
including yarn feeding speed, feeding angle, and needle gauge that are considered to influence on the tension variation were
investigated. Yarn feeding speed did not show high contribution to the tension variation but feeding angle of yarn did show
high correlation with the tension. No or negative correlation of the tension with needle gauge was found from the results.
In order to keep well-determined process condition in the knitting manufacturing, it is strongly suggested that all knitting
elements and parameters should be in the integrated control circumstance. 相似文献
4.
从纱线选择、织物结构、织造染整等方面对麻棉针织弹力牛仔布的设计与生产进行了探讨,提出了进口单面大圆机上氨纶丝的送纱方法,和织造中织针的排列问题。 相似文献
5.
Changing porosity of knitted structures by changing tightness 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A geometrical model of plain knitted structures is discussed in depth to understand the yarn path in a knitted loop. A theoretical
model has been created to predict the porosity of a knitted structure depending on the geometrical parameters, such as course
spacing, wale spacing, stitch length, fabric thickness, count of yarn and fibre density. Polyester and nylon plain knitted
fabrics were produced to different tightness, and porosity was determined by measuring the weight. The validity of the model
was confirmed by experimental results, using different plain knit fabrics. The porosity of a knitted structure can be changed
by reducing the yarn thickness and the stitch length; however this would influence the courses and wales per unit length in
the structure. 相似文献
6.
In this work, the effects of machine parameters on the fabric spirality, which is an important quality problem of single jersey
knitted fabrics, are investigated. For this aim, two circular knitting machines with the same gauge, but one of them revolving
in the reverse direction, are chosen. Single jersey fabric samples with the same weight per square meter and the same yarn
count (Ne 20 Cotton) are knitted on the chosen machines at four different numbers of knitting systems. The effects of the
number of the knitting systems and the rotation directions of the machines on the spirality angles are investigated. 相似文献
7.
Manufacture technique and electrical properties evaluation of bamboo charcoal polyester/stainless steel complex yarn and knitted fabrics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jia-Horng Lin An-Pang Chen Chin-Mei Lin Ching-Wen Lin Chien-Teng Hsieh Ching-Wen Lou 《Fibers and Polymers》2010,11(6):856-860
There are derivative problems of electromagnetic wave radiation accompanying the advances of science and technology nowadays
and secure protections are also emphasized gradually. To shield these electromagnetic wave radition jeopardizing people’s
health, in this study, stainless steel wires were the core yarn and bamboo charcoal polyester textured yarns were the wrapped
yarn. The bamboo charcoal polyester/stainless steel (BC/SS) complex yarns were manufactured using a rotor twister machine.
The BC/SS complex knitted fabrics were woven with the complex yarns employing a circular knitting machine. Three manufacture
parameters were the wrapped amount of the complex yarn (2 to 6 turns/cm), the lamination amount of the knitted fabrics (1
to 6 layers) and lamination angles of the knitted fabrics (0°/0°/0°/0°/0°/0°, 0°/45°/90°/−45°/0°/45°, and 0°/90°/0°/90°/0°/90°).
The knitted fabric exhibited the lowest surface resistance 32.3 Ω/sq. Optimum electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE)
was 45 dB when the knitted fabrics were with 0°/45°/90°/−45°/0°/45° laminating in 0.51 GHz. 相似文献
8.
A geometrical model of weft knitted spacer structures made with mono-filament yarn has been analysed to understand the spacer
yarn path. Theoretical models have been created to predict the porosity and the radius of the capillaries of a knitted spacer
structure depending on their geometrical parameters, such as course spacing, wale spacing, stitch length, fabric thickness,
count of yarn and fibre density. Polyester knitted spacer fabrics were produced with different parameters; their porosity
was determined by measuring the weight and compared with the theoretical porosity. The validity of the model was confirmed
by experimental results. The porosity of knitted spacer structures made out of mono-filament yarn can be maintained above
a certain level by adjusting the fabric parameters such as fabric thickness, course spacing and wale spacing. 相似文献
9.
Our aim in this study was to investigate the effects of course density, yarn linear density and thickness and type of conductive wire on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Metal/cotton conductive composite yarns were produced by the core-spun technique on the ring spinning machine, involving stainless steel, copper and silver coated copper wires with 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm thicknesses and Ne10/1 and Ne20/1 count yarns. The interlock fabrics were knitted on a 7G flat knitting machine with the three different machine settings. The EMSE and the surface resistivity of knitted fabrics were measured by the co-axial transmission line method according to the ASTM-D4935-10 standard in the frequency range from 15 to 3000 MHz and by the ASTM D257-07 standard, respectively. It was observed that all fabrics shielded around 95 % of electromagnetic waves at low frequencies, 80 % at medium frequencies and 70 % at high frequencies. Increasing the course density and thickness of conductive wire in interlock knitted fabrics increased the EMSE correspondingly. The knitted fabrics that had been produced with high yarn count showed greater EMSE because there was less isolation. The effect of the metal wire type was highly significant between 15 and 600 MHz. 相似文献
10.
Leveraging the antibacterial properties of polyester-cotton knitted fabrics has been attempted in this research by admixture of small proportion of polyester-silver nanocomposite fibres. Polyester-cotton (50:50) yarns were spun by mixing 10, 20 and 30 % (wt.%) polyester-silver nanocomposite fibres with normal polyester fibres so that overall proportion of polyester fibre becomes 50 %. The proportion of cotton fibre was constant (50 %) in all the yarns. Three parameters, namely blend proportion (wt.%) of nanocomposite fibres, yarn count and knitting machine gauge were varied, each at three levels, for producing 27 knitted fabrics. Polyester-cotton knitted fabrics prepared from polyester-silver nanocomposite fibres showed equally good antibacterial activity (65-99 %) against both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. Antibacterial properties were enhanced with the increase in the proportion of polyester-silver nanocomposite fibres, yarn coarseness and increased compactness of knitted fabrics. Yarn count and blend proportion of nanocomposite fibre were found to have very dominant influence in determining the antibacterial properties of knitted fabrics. 相似文献
11.
Bra cup moulding is currently a remarkable process in the production of seamless intimate apparel. The process is highly complex,
time-consuming and error-prone due to the large variations of foam and lamination properties, cup styles and sizes, and geometric
features of graduated padding. In particular, the three-dimensional (3D) geometric shape of foam cups is difficult to assess
accurately because they are very soft and readily deform. In cases that involve fitting problems, shape modifications of the
mould head and determination of the optimal moulding conditions have undergone repeated trials and errors. There is limited
knowledge about the effects of foam properties and cup parameters in the controlling of moulding conditions. This study adopts
a parameterization-based remesh algorithm method to evaluate the 3D shapes of the convex surface of scanned cup samples. The
shape conformity of the cup is quantified in accordance to the corresponding mould head. In this respect, the moulding conditions
that would achieve the most desirable geometric shapes of bra cups can be accurately and objectively demonstrated. Based on
moulding experiments with 6 types of polyurethane (PU) foam materials, empirical equations that associate the cup shape conformity
and the shape deviations from selected cup sectional curves are established. Through the use of non-linear regression models,
the shape conformity of the moulded cups can be predicted by moulding conditions with reasonable accuracy. The shape conformity
provides effective guidelines for quality assurance and improves production efficiency of bra cup moulding. Moreover, thermal-mechanical
properties, such as compressive strain and softening temperature obtained from thermomechanical analysis (TMA) scans, provide
a good understanding of cup shape conformity and determine the lowest moulding temperature at initial trails of the bra cup
moulding process. Surprisingly, in pliable foams, the cup size does not have an apparent effect on the moulding conditions
to achieve optimal cup shape conformity. The results reveal that the moulding conditions for sizes 34B and 34D could remain
the same for pliable foam materials. Nevertheless, in the case of more rigid foams, a higher moulding temperature is required
to achieve a desirable cup shape for size 34D as more energy is required for the heat-setting of foam materials with higher
proportions of hard segments at the moulding of a larger cup size in anticipation of larger deformations. 相似文献
12.
The effect of cashmere yarn twist, knitted fabric density, and cashmere properties on pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric
is investigated in this paper. The experimental results show that yarn twist and fabric density have little influence on pilling
rates of cashmere knitted fabric for yarn 38.4 tex/2 when yarn twist varies from 234 T/m to 272 T/m, and the fabric density
is 9.7, 10.7, and 11.2 yarns/inch, respectively. The length of cashmere fiber, in particular less than 7.5 mm, is responsible
for the pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric based on optimal scaling regression analysis. 相似文献
13.
Air permeability is one of the most important utility properties of textile materials as it influences air flow through textile material. Air permeability plays a significant role in well-being due to its influence on physiological comfort. The air permeability of textile materials depends on their porosity. There are a lot of structural properties of textile materials also operating parameters (knitting+finishing) influencing air permeability and there are also statistically significant interactions between the main factors influencing the air permeability of knitted fabrics made from pure yarn cotton (cellulose) and viscose (regenerated cellulose) fibers and plated knitted with elasthane (Lycra) fibers. Two types of artificial neural networks (ANNs) model have been set up before modeling procedure by utilizing multilayer feed forward neural networks, which take into account the generality and the specificity of the product families respectively. A virtual leave one out approach dealing with over fitting phenomenon and allowing the selection of the optimal neural network architecture was used. Moreover this study exhibited that air permeability could be predicted with high accuracy for stretch plain knitted fabrics treated with different finishing processes. Within the framework of the work presented, ANNs were applied to help industry to adjust the operating parameter before the actual manufacturing to reach the desired air permeability and satisfy their consumers. 相似文献
14.
An investigation on the dimensional properties of plain knitted fabric produced from cotton yarn and subjected to different
relaxation treatments is presented in this paper. The main aim of this research is to characterize the internal energy of
fabric by using yarn-pullout test method in ultrasonic relaxation state and compare it with other common mechanical relaxation
treatments. A comprehensive experimental analysis showed that, by using ultrasonic waves, the area geometry constant value
(k
s) achieved was higher than the conventional relaxation methods. Then, we introduced residual-energy forming and loss-energy
uniforming. The former appeared due to fabric shrinkage and the later one appeared due to release of fabric loops from extra
forces which imposed during knitting process. The results also indicated that ultrasonic waves energy causes more uniformity
on loop and consequently, the fabric reaches to a less internal energy than washing treatment. 相似文献
15.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fibers were melt-spun to prepare mono and multifilament yarns. To find optimum spinning and drawing
conditions, various parameters such as spinning temperature, spinneret diameter, drawing temperature, and drawing ratio were
examined. From the observation of the spinnability under various conditions, we found that the optimum conditions were as
following: the extrusion temperature and die temperature were 175–180°C and 185–190°C, and the drawing temperature and drawing
ratio were 85–95°C and 3.4, respectively. Under these conditions, the spinneret diameter could be reduced to the minimum value,
0.5 mm. Spun PVC filament yarns were subjected to the different yarn texturing process of stuffing box and pin false-twist
method. The PVC yarn fabric was prepared by the knitting of textured yarns. Finally, the anion-emission and antibiotic properties
of the knitted PVC fabrics were precisely evaluated. 相似文献
16.
Yarn tension is a key factor that affects the efficiency of a ring spinning system. In this paper, a specially constructed
rig, which can rotate a yarn at a high speed without inserting any real twist into the yarn, was used to simulate a ring spinning
process. Yarn tension was measured at the guide-eye during the simulated spinning of different yarns at various balloon heights
and with varying yarn length in the balloon. The effect of balloon shape, yarn hairiness and thickness, and yarn rotating
speed, on the measured yarn tension, was examined. The results indicate that the collapse of balloon shape from single loop
to double loop, or from double loop to triple etc, lead to sudden reduction in yarn tension. Under otherwise identical conditions,
a longer length of yarn in the balloon gives a lower yarn tension at the guide-eye. In addition, thicker yarns and/or more
hairy yarns generate a higher tension in the yarn, due to the increased air drag acting on the thicker or more hairy yarns. 相似文献
17.
18.
The aim of this study was to compare the response surface regression and adaptive neuro-fuzzy models for predicting the bursting strength of plain knitted fabrics. The prediction models are based on the experimental data comprising yarn tenacity, knitting stitch length and fabric GSM as input variables and fabric bursting strength as output/response variable. The models quantitatively characterize the non-linear relationship and interactions between the input and output variables exhibiting very good prediction ability and accuracy, with ANFIS model being slightly better in performance than the regression model. 相似文献
19.
Murata vortex spinning system is based on the air jet spinning system. The vast majority of previous works deal with the properties
of vortex spun (VS) yarn and the spinning system. In this study, we investigated knitted fabrics from VS yarn in comparison
with fabrics from ring (RS), compact (CS) and open-end rotor (OES) spun yarns made from viscose. The effect of yarn spinning
system on dimensional and physical properties of knitted fabrics was explained with specific attention to fabrics from VS
yarn. Shrinkage of fabrics from VS yarn has the lowest at widthwise direction, while having the highest at lengthwise direction.
It is shown that the order of fabric spirality and twist liveliness for yarns from different spinning systems are quite similar.
However, relation between loop shape factor and angle of spirality is inconsistent. Angle of spirality of fabrics from VS
yarn is higher than fabrics from OES yarn, but lower than that of others. The bursting strength of fabrics from VS yarn is
lower than that of those from RS and CS yarns and higher than that of those from OES yarn. From this study, it is also evident
that fabrics from VS yarn have the lowest pilling tendency and highest resistance to abrasion. 相似文献
20.
Young Seok Koo 《Fibers and Polymers》2001,2(3):148-152
Cotton yarns were coated with a polymer solution to hold surface fibers to the yarn body, which caused fiber-fly generation
during knitting process. The physical property of the coated yarn, especially a bending rigidity was investigated in order
to evaluate the performance of the coated yarn during knitting. SEM images showing the surface condition of the coated yarn
demonstrated that the thickness of a coating material increased as the concentration of the coating solution increased. The
results of the bending rigidity measured using KES-FB2 system showed that the bending rigidity of the coated yarn increased
as the concentration of the coating solution increased. The results also revealed the possibility that yarn coated with a
low amount of coating material should be employed for further research of reducing fiber-fly generation during knitting process. 相似文献