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香草兰的钙素营养与钙肥施用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对海南几个不同生产水平的香草兰种植园进行调查，以及对香草兰进行田间和盆栽试验研究，结果表明：不同产量水平的香草兰种植园片钙含量存在显的差异，施用石灰能促进香草兰的生长，增加叶片数，蔓粗，蔓长，提高香草兰豆荚的产量，提供钙素营养，增加植株含钙量，减轻病害的发生。 相似文献
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通过平板对峙法从香草兰根际微生物中筛选出对香草兰根(茎)腐病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、香草兰疫病菌(Phytophthora nicotianae)和香草兰细菌性软腐病菌(Erwinia carotovora)均有良好抑制效果的生防菌10株。通过16S rDNA序列比对及系统发育树分析,其中7株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus. amyloliquefaciens),2株为枯草芽孢杆菌(B. subtils),1株为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(B. methylotrophicus)。提取脂肽类化合物进行抑菌分析,发现10株生防菌脂肽类提取物对香草兰根(茎)腐病菌和香草兰疫病菌均有良好的抑制效果,有4株的脂肽类粗提物对香草兰细菌性软腐病菌有强烈的抑制活性。对其中2个菌株脂肽类粗提物进行MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS检测,发现菌株 VX2R11 产生表面活性素(Surfactin)和伊枯草素A(IturinA)2种脂肽类化合物,菌株 VX2S02 仅产生伊枯草素A,推测产生伊枯草素A是菌株VX2R11和VX2S02拮抗香草兰根(茎)腐病菌和疫病菌重要机制;产生表面活性素是菌株VX2R11拮抗香草兰细菌性软腐病菌的重要机制。 相似文献
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高产香草兰栽培土壤条件的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对海南不同管理水平香草兰种植园土壤理化性状调查分析和土壤ｐＨ、水分地表覆盖盆栽试验的研究结果表明,香草兰栽培要维持高产稳产,在土壤管理中必须达到如下主要条件：（１）香草兰对土壤ｐＨ反应极为敏感,最适于生长的土壤ｐＨ值为６．５,在ｐＨ６．０￣７．０范围内生长良好,低于ｐＨ５．５和高于ｐＨ７．０都抑制其生长,低ｐＨ的抑制作用大于高ｐＨ,酸性土壤施石灰对生长和养分吸收反应良好;２）香草兰喜湿而好气,土壤 相似文献
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芦荟疫病疫霉种的鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
１９９７年１０月和１９９８年９月在海南儋州市海南省种苗组培中心芦荟苗圃和华南热带农业大学农学院花圃发现芦荟疫病,感病芦荟叶片病斑初呈水渍状,暗绿色腐烂。从病组织上分离到１０个疫霉分离菌。根据孢子囊形态、孢子囊梗脱落性、厚垣孢子有无、藏卵器形态、雄器着生方式、菌落形态,最低、最高生长温度,将其鉴定为烟草疫霉（寄生疫霉） Ｐｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａ ｎｉｃｏ－ｔｉａｎａｅ Ｖａｎ Ｂｒｅｄａ ｄｅ Ｈａａｎ．（Ｐ．ｐａｒａｓｉｔｉｃａ）。这１０个分离苗中存在Ａ１,Ａ２和Ａ１,Ａ２三种交配型。 相似文献
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对海南省香草兰主要种植区的香草兰种植园的植株样品进行了测试分析。结果表明:香草兰种植园植株养分缺乏严重,植株N、P、K、Ca、Mg缺乏的香草兰园分别占全省的62.07%、100%、6.90%、93.10%、79.31%,其中P、Ca缺乏最严重;且各养分之间比例严重失衡,N/P、P/Ca、Mg/P、Mg/Ca、K/P严重不平衡的香草兰园分别占全省的100%、93.1%、82.75%、82.76%、100%。由于香草兰是典型的喜P、Ca作物,因此建议各种植园加大P、Ca肥的投入,同时增施N、Mg肥,使各养分都达到最适香草兰生长的浓度,同时使各养分之间达到平衡。 相似文献
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为筛选出防治香草兰疫病的最佳药剂，采用田间小区试验方法，测定68%精甲霜·锰锌WDG(水份散粒剂)、50%烯酰吗啉WP(可湿性粉剂)、25%甲霜·霜霉威WP、69%烯酰吗啉·锰锌WP、36%霜脲锰锌WP和70%乙磷铝锰锌WP等6种不同使用浓度药剂对香草兰疫病的防治效果。结果表明：68%精甲霜·锰锌WDG 1 000倍液、50%烯酰吗啉WP 1000倍液及36%霜脲锰锌WP 1 000倍液对香草兰疫病大田防效较好，分别为86.6%、81.4%和79.8%。生产上可交替使用这3种药剂来防治香草兰疫病。 相似文献
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澳洲石斛（Dendrobium kingianum）属于兰科石斛属植物,在我国作为观赏植物被广泛种植。近年来,广东省澳洲石斛生产上发生一种疫病,该病害为害茎杆和叶片,引起受害部位变褐腐烂,植株死亡,对生产造成严重的影响。从发病的澳洲石斛上分离获得一种真菌,通过致病性测定显示,该菌可以侵染健康的澳洲石斛盆栽植株引起发病,表现出的症状与大田症状相似。从接种发病的植株上再次分离得到的菌株与接种菌的形态特征一致,说明原分离菌为引起澳洲石斛疫病的病原菌。通过形态学特征观察和β-微管蛋白基因（β-tubulin, tub）序列分析对分离菌株进行了鉴定。该菌株的形态学特征与棕榈疫霉（Phytophthorapalmivora）基本一致。BLAST比对分析发现,本研究中的2个菌株（SHL918和SHL921）的tub基因序列与棕榈疫霉的相似性均为99%。在基于tub基因构建的系统发育树上,研究菌株与棕榈疫霉聚在同一分支上,支持率为100%。因此,结合形态学特征和系统发育分析将引起澳洲石斛疫病的病原菌鉴定为棕榈疫霉（P.palmivora）。棕榈疫霉侵染澳洲石斛引起疫病为首次报道。进一步采用菌丝生长速率... 相似文献
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针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
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Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
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1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
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以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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