共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 703 毫秒
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颖花开放由浆片膨大所启动,对水稻授粉受精具有直接影响。生长素是调节花药开裂、花粉育性和种子起始等生殖发育过程的重要激素。为阐明生长素在水稻颖花开放中的调控作用,本研究以粳稻品种中花11为试验材料,调查了外源生长素及其抑制剂对颖花开放的影响,以及内源生长素水平和生长素信号通路基因表达的动态变化。结果表明, IAA (10～20 mmol L–1)、NAA (0.05～0.50 mmol L–1)浸穗处理将推迟水稻颖花开放,其中高浓度(0.5 mmol L–1)NAA能使颖花开放推迟3 d,并表现出颖花张开时间延长和结实率下降的现象。IAA极性运输抑制剂TIBA及其作用抑制剂PCIB也抑制颖花开放。NAA预处理后,增施茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)能有效恢复颖花开放。水稻颖花中IAA含量在自然开放前2 h迅速下降,比开颖前1 d、2 d分别降低了65.85%、74.27%。与IAA水平变化相对应,颖花开放时浆片IAA生物合成基因(OsTAR2、OsYUCCA3/4/8)表达下调,而催化IAA结合失活的酶基因(OsGH3.2、OsGH3.8)、IAA输出载体基因(OsPIN1、OsPIN1a)以及I... 相似文献
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水稻颖花开放是其生殖发育一个关键生理过程,对受精和随后种子发育具有重要影响。本文报道了一个与水稻颖花开放相关的突变体,来源于籼稻保持系西农1B的EMS(ethyl methane sulfonate)诱变群体。该突变体表现为开颖后浆片失水萎缩过程缓慢,内外稃持续开裂不闭合,暂命名为水稻颖花持续开放sostenuto floret opening 1(sfo1)突变体。遗传分析表明sfo1性状受1对隐性单基因控制,利用群体分离分析法(bulked segregation analysis,BSA)将SFO1基因定位在第5染色体SSR标记RM1054和IN/DEL标记ZTQ51之间,物理距离113 kb,含注释基因15个。本研究结果为SFO1基因的图位克隆和功能研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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杂交稻种发芽率下降的原因及防范措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于不育系的固有特征，开颖角度比较大，受精后部分颖花闭颖不密，有的甚至半开颖，一般组合占12％～20％，这些种子充实度差，颖壳闭合程度差，胚部裸露面大，部分米粒呈圆锥体，往往生活力较弱。 相似文献
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喜树中抗肿瘤活性成分喜树碱的生物合成调控具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。基于喜树碱生物合成途径的复杂性及其积累的时间、空间特异性,本研究选择生理状态的均一的喜树悬浮细胞作为研究材料,分析植物激素茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate, Me JA)、脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)、赤霉素(gibberellin, GA)以及水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA)对喜树碱合成途径中关键酶基因转录水平的调控。实时荧光定量PCR (RT-qPCR)检测结果显示,MeJA、ABA、GA以及SA均可促进喜树碱合成色胺途径中关键酶基因CaTDC1以及下游CaSTR的表达,且在处理2 h左右达到峰值;MeJA、GA、SA主要调控环烯醚萜途径中关键酶基因Ca7DLGT、CaG8O、CaCYC1的表达,而ABA则显著调控色胺途径关键酶基因CaTDC1以及下游CaSTR的转录水平;4种激素中SA调控效果与其他激素相比极其显著。本实验排除了喜树碱合成时间、空间特异性影响以及植物向重性、激素浓度梯度等干扰因素,准确地分析了4种激素对喜树碱合成途径关键酶基因的调控,为后续研究植物激素... 相似文献
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水稻闭颖授粉遗传位点的发掘旨在研究其闭颖授粉机制。本研究利用闭颖水稻品系RV2429为母本,开颖授粉水稻品系Koshihikari为父本杂交得到F1代,F1自交得到F2,以双亲本及F2为研究材料,对双亲本的粒型及花器官结构进行比较,推测出浆片体积增加较小是RV2429闭颖授粉的原因。统计F2群体的开花表型和基因型,通过QTL IciMapping 4.1软件分析,初步定位到4个与闭颖授粉相关的QTLs,qCL4.1(4.75%),LOD值为2.559 3、qCL6.1 (5.12%),LOD值为2.999 1、qCL11.1 (5.06%),LOD值为2.799 6和qCL12.1(4.77%),LOD值为3.052 1,分别在4、6、11、12染色体上。本研究结果明确了控制水稻闭颖授粉的新基因位置,为以后的精细定位提供了实验依据,为加快闭颖授粉的育种进程提供帮助,对抑制基因漂流具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为了探讨ABA、GA3对太子参皂苷生物合成的影响,该研究通过根灌ABA及其抑制剂氟啶酮(Fluridone)、GA3及其抑制剂多效唑(PBZ),利用酶标仪分光光度法测定皂苷和内源茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)的含量,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测三萜皂苷生物合成关键酶基因表达量的变化。结果表明,太子参总皂苷总含量与其生物合成关键酶基因的表达呈现一致的变化趋势,外源GA3长期处理后太子参中皂苷的含量明显增加,太子参SE1和IPPI基因的表达量明显上调;施加外源ABA则降低了太子参总皂苷的含量,太子参HMGS、MDD、SS1、SS2和β-A28O各基因表达量均明显下调。因此,我们推测在太子参块根生长发育过程中GA3可能通过影响JA从而促进了皂苷的积累,ABA可能是通过抑制皂苷合成关键酶基因的表达进而降低皂苷的含量。此外,在块根发育的不同时期,ABA、GA对Me-JA的影响可能存在较大差异。 相似文献
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hfa-1的白化转绿、多分蘖矮秆表型受单隐性核基因hw-1(t)控制。该基因编码含线粒体交替氧化酶AOX结构的叶绿体蛋白,通过参与叶绿体呼吸电子传递链,对类胡萝卜素生物合成途经及其次生代谢途径进行调控。本研究对hfa-1突变体叶色白化转绿过程中的类胡萝卜素生物合成途径、与该途径有关的植物激素代谢途径的相关基因进行表达分析,并分析了hfa-1突变体在白化、转绿两个时期的基因表达谱。结果表明,类胡萝卜素、植物激素(GA、ABA和SL)生物合成相关基因在hfa-1突变体白化期叶片中表达量减低,暗示hw-1(t)基因的突变抑制了苗期类胡萝卜素合成,同时还对涉及该过程相关多个次生代谢途径产生影响。通过基因表达谱芯片和功能分类分析,发现hfa-1叶色白化转绿过程中上调和下调表达基因涉及的生理过程主要在光合作用、应对内源刺激物和胁迫响应等方面;其中电子传递体Cytb6/f复合蛋白合成相关基因上调表达明显,推测Cytb6/f蛋白复合体在电子传递和质醌库还原氧化上对hw-1(t)起一定的补偿功能。 相似文献
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内源小干扰RNAs (small interfering RNAs, siRNAs)和DNA甲基化在植物生长发育和适应环境胁迫中调控基因的表达。对于植物来说, 镉(Cadmium, Cd)是一种非必需且具有毒性的元素。为研究DNA甲基化和siRNAs在水稻(Oryza sativa L.) Cd积累相关基因表达调控方面的作用, 比较了Cd高积累品种(秀水110)和Cd低积累品种(秀水11)中Cd积累相关基因的表达情况。结果表明, 在秀水110和秀水11叶片中, 除植物Cd抗性蛋白(plant cadmium resistance protein, PCR)基因家族成员OsPCR1的表达水平呈现出显著的差异外, 其他Cd积累相关基因的表达水平不存在显著的差异。说明OsPCR1基因可能参与调控水稻体内Cd的积累。利用荧光实时定量PCR (qRT-PCR)技术研究了水稻叶片中siRNA表达水平在水稻5个不同生长发育期中的变化情况。数据显示水稻叶片中与OsPCR1基因外显子2匹配的siRNA的丰度和OsPCR1基因的表达水平呈负相关。进一步利用McrBC-qRT-PCR技术研究OsPCR1基因外显子2甲基化水平在水稻5个不同生长发育期中的变化情况表明, 在Cd处理条件下水稻叶片中OsPCR1基因外显子2甲基化水平和该基因的表达水平也呈负相关。说明, 在水稻体内Cd积累的过程中, 该siRNA和OsPCR1基因外显子2甲基化可能参与调控OsPCR1基因的表达。这些结果对于研究OsPCR1基因的功能和培育Cd低积累水稻品种具有重要的理论指导意义。 相似文献
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外源多胺对小麦小花退化的调控机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦穗粒数与小花退化密切相关,多胺是调控小花发育的一种重要植物生长调节剂。本研究利用小麦品种(系)双大1号(大穗型)和西农538 (小穗型),于小花退化阶段在穗部施用腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm),分析外源多胺对小麦小花退化的影响及其与内源激素、植株碳氮的关系。结果表明,外源Spd和Spm显著抑制小花退化、提高了可孕小花数目,而Put加具有显著的负效应;并且多胺的调控具有明显的位置效应,对小穗上部弱势小花退化的调控效应显著大于下部强势小花。施用外源Spd和Spm后,弱势小花中Spd、Spm显著增加,同时玉米素+玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)含量及其与脱落酸(ABA)的比值也显著升高,而内源乙烯的释放速率降低,并且弱势小花中可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白质含量显著提高。外源Put对弱势小花的控调效应与此相反,施用后弱势小花中Put、ABA含量以及内源ETH释放速率显著提高,而(Z+ZR)与ABA比值和可溶性总糖含量降低。因此认为,多胺参与了对小麦小花退化的调控,其对小麦小花退化的调控与内源激素、植株碳氮代谢密切相关。 相似文献
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Jasmonic Acid Differentially Affects Growth, Ion Uptake and Abscisic Acid Concentration in Salt-tolerant and Salt-sensitive Rice Cultivars 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
D.-J. Kang Y.-J. Seo J.-D. Lee R. Ishii K. U. Kim D. H. Shin S. K. Park S. W. Jang I.-J. Lee 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2005,191(4):273-282
Phytohormones play critical roles in regulating plant responses to stress. Here, we investigated the effects of salt stress and stress recovery by applying jasmonate to the two different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Dongjinchalbyeo (DJC, salt-tolerant) and Dongjinbyeo (DJ, salt-sensitive). Salt stress remarkably decreased the root length of plants even at low NaCl concentration (20 mm ). Salt stress led to a sharp increase in the concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) in 20 and 40 mm NaCl, when compared with the control values. The concentrations of ABA in the salt-tolerant cultivar DJC plants progressively increased with increasing NaCl levels, whereas in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ, they sharply decreased in all three parts of rice plants at 80 mm NaCl treatment. The decrease of jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations in salt-tolerant cultivar DJC was lesser than in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ plants in the shoot. Post-application in the stressed plants with 30 μm JA at 24 and 48 h after NaCl treatment, recovered salt inhibition on dry mass production more effectively than application of JA at 48 and 24 h before salt stress, and during salt stress simultaneously. The uptake of Na decreased especially in the salt-sensitive cultivar DJ plants, whereas there was an increase in Ca and Mg levels and slight increase of K by JA application. Leaf water potential, leaf photosynthetic rate, and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) also remarkably recovered when 30 μm JA was applied 24 h after the salt stress compared with the 40 mm NaCl-treated plants. These results clearly indicate that post-application with exogenous JA can ameliorate salt-stressed rice seedlings, especially the salt-sensitive cultivar rather than the salt-tolerant cultivar. This may change the balance of other endogenous plant hormones. 相似文献
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茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）可有效促进水稻颖花开放,使父母本花时相遇,提高制种产量,但MeJA对水稻产量和米质的影响研究报道较少。以辽宁稻区具有代表性的4个粳稻品种为试验材料,研究了抽穗开花期喷施不同浓度的MeJA对产量和米质性状的影响。结果表明,喷施MeJA可显著降低粳稻产量,且浓度越大,降低的程度越明显。MeJA对产量结构中的有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重没有显著影响,但对结实率影响显著,尤其一次枝梗和二次枝梗的结实率均随MeJA浓度的升高呈极显著下降趋势,而结实率的显著下降是产量下降的主要原因。喷施MeJA可显著降低粳稻品质。与对照相比,不同浓度MeJA处理下精米率显著下降,且浓度越大,降低程度越明显,整精米率在高浓度处理下降低程度达极显著水平。但垩白粒率和垩白度变化不显著。随MeJA喷施浓度升高,稻米蛋白质含量提高,而直链淀粉含量和食味值下降。本研究可为生产上充分发挥MeJA调控花时的作用,同时避免对产量和米质的不利影响提供理论依据。 相似文献
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玉米雌穗分化与籽粒发育及败育的关系 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
以郑单958 (ZD958)和登海661 (DH661)为试材,比较研究了4.5、7.5、10.5万株hm-2三个种植密度下,雌穗分化与籽粒发育及败育的关系。结果表明,密度对玉米雌穗原基开始分化的时间无影响(不同密度下,穗原基均在播后28~29 d左右开始分化),对吐丝期分化的小花总数影响很小。但是高密度推迟了雌穗的分化进程,增加了败育花和未受精花的数目,导致正常成熟小花数目的降低。与低密度相比,高密度下DH661正常小花数减少了100.0个,ZD958减少了76.4个。高密度加大了雌雄穗吐丝开花间隔,降低了吐丝植株的比例(DH661吐丝植株占93.64%;ZD958的占81.80%),推迟了吐丝时间,使单株吐丝量减少,散粉持续时间缩短,导致败育增加。正常受精的小花在灌浆期也会发生籽粒败育,尤其是在花后10 d左右败育严重。相关分析表明,玉米最终的穗粒数与开花期以及花后10 d、20 d的冠层底部透光率相关性显著,花败育率与开花前冠层底部透光率显著负相关。 相似文献
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In seed crops of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., yields are low and only 15 to 20% of the florets produce a harvestable seed. This study was conducted to determine if seed abortion was a major cause of low floret site utilization (FSU) and therefore of low seed yield in spaced plants. Spikes of four spaced-planted genotypes of perennial ryegrass were harvested and fixed at one-week intervals one to five weeks after the beginning of anthesis. Of a total of 74 spikes, over 13,000 florets were examined with a binocular microscope and 66 whole spikelets were microtome sectioned. The histology of the pro-embryo is presented in relation to the development of the endosperm. In one low yielding, two intermediate and one high yielding genotype, biological FSU was 8, 72, 73 and 63%, respectively. In all genotypes, 90% of the unproductive florets showed ovule degeneration within a few days after flowering. A few florets were sterile or contained a degenerated embryo sac already before flowering and about 5% of the unproductive florets showed seed abortion later than one week after flowering. Within a spikelet, successful fertilization did not decline from the basal to the distal floret. Although in later stages distal florets had slightly less seeds, unproductive florets were found at all floret positions. Biological FSU decreased mainly by ovule degeneration shortly after flowering. In spaced plants, seed abortion was not important to low seed yield. 相似文献
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阐明粳稻细胞质雄性不育系开花习性与异交率之间的关系,是选育高异交率粳稻不育系的重要基础。在对284份滇一型粳稻细胞质雄性不育系的自然异交率检测和部分不育系开花性状观测的基础上,通过相关分析和开花习性的精细比较,发现粳稻不育系间自然异交结实率变化幅度较大,大多数粳稻不育系的自然异交率都比较低,但同时也鉴定出少量高异交率的不育系。相关分析发现颖花的开颖角度与粳稻不育系的自然异交结实率呈显著正相关。通过对三个不育系开花性状的精细观察分析,显示了开花集中度是影响粳稻不育系异交率的重要因素。在粳稻不育系的育种实践中应该加大对不育系开颖角度和开花集中度的选择,以提高粳稻不育系的异交结实率。 相似文献
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Yield determination in triticale as affected by radiation in different development phases 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Gaspar Estrada-Campuzano Daniel J. Miralles Gustavo A. Slafer 《European Journal of Agronomy》2008,28(4):597-605
The critical period for grain yield determination has not been determined for triticale. We aimed to identify it, determining the relative importance of both the major yield components and the dry matter acquisition by the spikes at anthesis. A field experiment was carried out with two triticales, differing in tillering capacity, subjected to shading treatments at five different timings from early tillering to maturity. Results showed that reductions in grain yield were more significant when shading was imposed during 3 weeks before and 1 week after anthesis. Reductions in grain yield by shading treatments were associated with lower number of grains per m2 more than with changes in the average grain weight. Reductions in grains per m2 were due to reductions in the number of fertile florets per spike, affecting grains per spike. The assimilate acquisition by the spikes during the critical period was a key determinant of floret survival. Grain number per m2 was related with photothermal quotient during 30 days before anthesis and spike dry weight at anthesis, though the goodness of the prediction compared with wheat, was lowered by poorer grain setting percentage. 相似文献
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Rooted cuttings of Dendranthema grandiflorum cv. ‘Puja’ were treated with different doses of gamma rays. Sectorial somatic mutations both in flower colour and shape were detected in all the doses. The original floret colour of ‘Puja’ is red‐purple and florets are flat spoon shaped. One of the mutant floret colour was yellow‐orange with original flat florets and another mutant floret colour was yellow‐orange with tubular florets. Original and mutated ray florets were cultured on agar‐solidified Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with sucrose and different combinations of 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP). Direct shoot organogenesis was seen within 2 weeks of culture initiation. The best regeneration was obtained on medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA. Shoots regenerated from all explant types were rooted in vitro and transferred to the field. Regenerated plants flowered true‐to‐explant floret colour and shape. The isolated yellow floret colour mutants and yellow floret colour mutants with tubular florets were maintained vegetatively and have proved to be true to type in two successive generations. 相似文献