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腐蹄病是由坏死梭杆菌和节瘤拟杆菌协同感染引起的各种哺乳动物和禽类的创伤性传染病。牛、羊、鹿等反刍动物常见且发病率较高,以侵害反刍动物趾间皮肤及深层软组织为主。该病的特征为动物蹄部组织化脓、坏死、腐败以及角质层破坏。目前,在我国牛、羊饲养场中,腐蹄病的发生率可达到50%,是牛、羊,尤其是奶牛养殖业中危害性最大的传染病性疾病之一。患腐蹄病的奶牛,通常表现为食欲减退,泌乳量下降,繁殖能力降低,严重者被迫淘汰,从而严重地影响到奶牛的生产性能和产奶质量,给奶牛业造成了巨大的经济损失。因此,我国牛、羊,尤其是奶牛腐蹄病的防治工作显得十分重要,一般为慢性经过,多位散发,有时表现为地方流行性。坏死梭杆菌主要以白细胞毒素、内毒素、溶血素、血凝素和各种蛋白酶起致病作用。节瘤拟杆菌主要通过细菌纤毛和蛋白酶起致病作用,其他杂菌在致病中起辅助作用,所以腐蹄病的主要判定依据是检测到病料中是否有节瘤拟杆菌和坏死梭杆菌的存在。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2012,(5)
<正>蹄病是奶牛饲养过程中常见的3大疾病之一,治疗不及时或治疗方法不当,会降低奶牛生产性能,增加奶牛淘汰率,给奶牛养殖户带来损失,严重危害着奶牛业的发展。1病因分析1.1病原微生物侵袭奶牛腐蹄病的主要病原体是坏死杆菌和节瘤拟杆菌。坏死梭杆菌能分泌透明质酸酶,节瘤拟杆菌能分泌水解蛋白酶,生成酶 相似文献
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奶·牛·腐·蹄·病·诊·断·与·防·治 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
腐蹄病是由严格厌氧性节瘤拟杆菌（Dichelobacter nodosus）、坏死杆菌等引起牛、羊、鹿等反刍动物的一种危害严重的疾病，具有一定传染性，是肢蹄病中较严重的疾病，本病重者可使奶牛卧地不起，产生褥疮，至使腿部肌肉和神经受损，肌肉缺血性坏死而被淘汰，严重危害了奶牛业的发展，给奶牛业带来了很大的经济损失。 相似文献
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Footrot is a contagious bacterial disease of ruminants spread by the Gram-negative, anaerobic organism, Dichelobacter nodosus. It is endemic in New Zealand and throughout sheep and goat farming regions of the world. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify fragments of the fimbrial gene (fimA), D. nodosus was detected in 14 hoof scrapings, sampled from six farming regions within New Zealand. DNA sequencing revealed 15 strains covering eight serogroups on the New Zealand farms. The predominant serogroup was B which contained six strains, followed by serogroups F, H and G. No strains from serogroups D and I were detected in this investigation. Eleven out of the 15 D. nodosus strains had fimbriae sequences different to those previously reported and the presence of multiple strains on a single hoof was common (86% samples). Individual sheep from the same farm, or the same paddock, were often infected by a different range of strains, which suggests a host role in mediating footrot infection. 相似文献
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Background
Footrot is a world-wide contagious disease in sheep and goats. It is an infection of the epidermis of the interdigital skin, and the germinal layers of the horn tissue of the feet. The first case of footrot in Swedish sheep was diagnosed in 2004. Due to difficulties in distinguishing benign footrot from early cases of virulent footrot and because there is no possibility for virulence testing of strains of Dichelobacter nodosus in Sweden, the diagnosis is based of the presence or absence of clinical signs of footrot in sheep flocks. Ever since the first diagnosed case the Swedish Animal Health Service has worked intensively to stop the spread of infection and control the disease at flock level. However, to continue this work effectively it is important to have knowledge about the distribution of the disease both nationally and regionally. Therefore, the aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of footrot in Swedish lambs at abattoirs and to assess the geographical distribution of the disease.Methods
A prevalence study on footrot in Swedish lambs was performed by visual examination of 2000 feet from 500 lambs submitted from six slaughter houses. Each foot was scored according to a 0 to 5 scoring system, where feet with score ≥2 were defined as having footrot. Moreover, samples from feet with footrot were examined for Dichelobacter nodosus by culture and PCR.Results
The prevalence of footrot at the individual sheep level was 5.8%, and Dichelobacter nodosus was found by culture and PCR in 83% and 97% of the samples from feet with footrot, respectively. Some minor differences in geographical distribution of footrot were found in this study.Conclusions
In a national context, the findings indicate that footrot is fairly common in Swedish slaughter lambs, and should be regarded seriously. 相似文献13.
Following recovery from ovine footrot, a proportion of sheep in a flock may carry the causative organism and spread it to other sheep if environmental conditions are favourable. Footrot affected sheep have elevated levels of serum antibody against Bacteroides nodosus, but these levels decline rapidly after clinical recovery. When challenged by subcutaneous injection with 470 micrograms of protein extracted from the cell membrane of B. nodosus, without adjuvant, sheep that had recovered clinically from virulent footrot produced a marked increase in specific serum antibody within 7 d, while antibody levels in footrot-free sheep injected with the same antigen, and in saline injected controls, did not increase over a period of 25 d. Artificial stimulation and serological detection of immune memory may be useful in footrot eradication programs by identifying sheep that have had clinical footrot infection. This procedure may be applicable to other diseases where antibody responses are inconsistent or transient. 相似文献
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The occurrence, prevalence and transmission of Bacteroides nodosus infection in cattle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Following reports of findings of ovine foot-rot flora in the feet of cattle, a study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Bacteroides nodosus infection in the apparently normal cattle population. We found that 34.5 to 74.2 per cent of the animals examined on different farms had B nodosus present in one or more feet. B nodosus was not the most prevalent bacterium observed in smears from cattle. Other Gram negative species including Fusiformis necrophorus and many Gram positive cocci and coccobacilli were also present. Macroscopic lesions in the interdigital skin characterised by erosion and hyperkeratosis were usually associated with the occurrence of B nodosus. B nodosus isolated from cattle induced mild interdigital dermatitis in experimental cattle and sheep and the infection was transmitted to recipient cattle and sheep under field conditions. Virulent foot-rot of sheep was not transmitted to recipient cattle in conditions where the disease spread to susceptible sheep. 相似文献
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Footrot is a highly contagious and economically important disease of sheep and goats, caused by Dichelobacter nodosus, a slow growing anaerobic Gram-negative rod. The current Australian antigenic classification system, based on variation in the fimbriae, classifies D. nodosus into at least 10 serogroups (A-I and M) and 18 serotypes. This investigation was intended to determine the serological diversity of D. nodosus in this region of Kashmir, India. Exudates of footrot lesions were collected from 24 naturally infected sheep and 42 goats located in the Kashmir valley. Of these 66 samples, 24 yielded evidence of D. nodosus by PCR using 16SrDNA specific primers. Multiplex PCR using serogroup specific primers revealed the presence of serogroup B in all the samples except two, which showed the presence of serogroup E D. nodosus. This study also documents the isolation of D. nodosus and detection of serogroup E for the first time in India. 相似文献
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Cheetham BF Tanjung LR Sutherland M Druitt J Green G McFarlane J Bailey GD Seaman JT Katz ME 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,116(1-3):166-174
Footrot is a mixed bacterial infection of the hooves of sheep. The gram-negative anaerobic bacterium Dichelobacter nodosus is the principal causative agent, with different strains causing diseases of different severity, ranging from benign to virulent. In Australia, in the state of New South Wales (NSW), only virulent footrot is subject to regulatory action, including quarantine. However, it is often difficult to distinguish benign footrot from virulent footrot in the initial stages of infection, or under adverse climatic conditions. The gelatin gel test, which measures the thermostability of secreted bacterial proteases, is the laboratory test most widely used in Australia to aid in the differential diagnosis of footrot. The proteases of virulent strains are, in general, more thermostable than the proteases of benign strains. However, there are some false positives in the gelatin gel test, which may lead to unnecessary quarantine procedures. We used Southern blot analysis on 595 isolates of D. nodosus from 124 farms on which sheep had benign or virulent footrot to test for the presence of the intA gene. We found that for D. nodosus strains which are stable in the gelatin gel test, there is a high correlation between the presence of the intA gene and the ability of the strain to cause virulent footrot. We also developed a PCR-based assay for the rapid detection of intA, which can be used to test DNA extracted from colonies grown on plates, or DNA extracted from cotton swabs of culture plates. 相似文献
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RJ WHITTINGTON 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(4):132-134
SUMMARY: Virulent ovine footrot was transmitted accidentally to a group of 23 adult Merino sheep (flock B) after holding for 1 hour in sheep yards, which earlier the same day had contained another flock (flock A) with < 1% prevalence of sheep with footrot lesions. Sheep in flock B were rendered susceptible to virulent footrot by grazing 600 mm high unimproved pasture dominated by paspalum ( Paspalum dilatatum ) and kangaroo grass ( Themeda australis ) during warm, humid and wet weather. In addition to moisture, interdigital abrasions caused by the pasture might have predisposed the interdigital skin to infection with Dichelobacter nodosus . 相似文献
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Ghimire SC Whittington RJ Dhungyel OP Joshi HD Egerton JR 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,87(3):237-251
Goats are an important natural host for footrot and are infected with Dichelobacter nodosus that have virulence characteristics similar to those of sheep strains. However, the humoral response of goats to D. nodosus antigens and the possibility of a serological diagnosis of footrot in goats have not been studied. With the aim of evaluating a diagnostic ELISA test, we investigated the primary immune response of goats to experimental and natural infection, the memory response in recovered animals, and the transfer and persistence of colostral antibodies in kids. Footrot stimulated the goat's immune system and, as in sheep, under-running lesions were the primary stimulus for production of anti-D. nodosus antibodies. The immune response could be detected in ELISA using either fimbrial or outer membrane protein (KSCN) antigens of D. nodosus. Antibody titres resulting from infection declined quickly after recovery and reached pre-infection levels within 3-4 months. Previously affected animals, however, mounted a memory response when injected with purified D. nodosus antigens. Antibody levels attained after anamnestic challenge were correlated with the maximum levels attained during infection, and were therefore indicative of the infection status. Anti-D. nodosus antibodies were also transferred to kids via colostrum, but these antibodies did not persist and therefore were unlikely to interfere with the diagnostic ELISA after 3 months of age. Though these ELISA tests were highly specific, their sensitivity was rather low. Therefore, they are only suitable for a herd diagnosis of footrot in goats and are dependent on the development of advanced under-running infections in a proportion of affected goats. 相似文献
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Duncan JS Grove-White D Moks E Carroll D Oultram JW Phythian CJ Williams HW 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(18):462
Footrot and contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) are common causes of foot disease of sheep in the UK. The study reported here is a split flock randomised treatment trial undertaken on a group of 748 fattening lambs on a UK sheep farm affected by CODD and footrot. The sheep were randomly assigned to one of two treatment protocols. In protocol A, all sheep were given two doses of footrot vaccine (Footvax, MSD), plus targeted antibiotic therapy (long-acting amoxicillin, Betamox LA, Norbrook Pharmaceuticals) to sheep with foot lesions likely to be associated with a bacterial infection. In protocol B, the sheep only received targeted antibiotic therapy. Sheep were re-examined and foot lesions recorded five and nine weeks later. New infection rates in the footrot vaccinated group were lower compared with the vaccinated group for both CODD (18.2 per cent compared with 26.4 per cent, P=0.014) and footrot (12.55 per cent compared with 27.5 per cent, P<0.001). Recovery rates were unaffected for CODD (80.46 per cent compared with 70.97 per cent, P=0.14) but higher for footrot (92.09 per cent compared with 81.54 per cent, P=0.005) in sheep which received the vaccine. On this farm, a footrot vaccine efficacy of 62 per cent was identified against footrot and 32 per cent against CODD infection. An association between a sheep having footrot at visit 1 and subsequently acquiring CODD was identified (odds ratio [OR] 3.83, 95 per cent CI 2.61 to 5.62, P<0.001). These results suggest a role for infection with Dichelobacter nodosus in the aetiopathogenesis of CODD on this farm. 相似文献