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1.
《中国兽医学报》2017,(8):1566-1570
通过分析泌乳初期健康、酮病和低钙血症奶牛血液生化指标及乳成分,明确相关疾病的乳成分特征,同时对泌乳初期奶牛血液生化指标与乳成分相关性进行分析,以期为牛群健康评价提供方法支持。根据血液指标选取产后7~21d荷斯坦奶牛72头,分为亚临床低钙血症试验组、酮病试验组和健康对照组,每组各24头。采集试验奶牛的血液和乳汁用于血液生化指标与乳成分相关性分析。结果显示,酮病和低钙血症引起乳蛋白和非脂乳固体水平降低,而乳中柠檬酸的含量增加。奶牛乳中柠檬酸与血清NEFA、BHBA和GLU相关性方程分别为:y=3.192x-0.802,R~2=0.363;y=4.594x-0.793,R~2=0.320;y=1.228x+0.775,R~2=0.261;其中方程中x为乳中柠檬酸的含量。结果表明,乳中柠檬酸的含量与血液NEFA呈显著正相关,可用于能量负平衡的早期诊断标示物。血中BUN及ALB的水平可用于评价乳蛋白和尿素的水平。 相似文献
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《中国兽医杂志》2019,(1)
本试验选取30头年龄、胎次相近的健康围产期荷斯坦奶牛,根据分娩时间选取产前21 d、14 d、7 d、分娩当天和产后7 d、14 d、21 d共7个时间点,跟踪分析围产期奶牛部分血液生化指标变化规律。另选取171头年龄、胎次相近的围产期奶牛,根据测定的部分血液生化指标,筛选出高酮血症组(10头)与健康奶牛对照组(10头)进行统计学分析,找出与高酮血症相关性血液生化指标并进行ROC诊断评价,得出Cut-off point值。最后分析疾病危险因素,以OR值评价该指标对判定疾病的危险系数。结果表明,高酮血症组产前无发病,在产后14 d达最高发生率(10%),随后下降至4.8%,从时间来看,高酮血症的发生一般在分娩后1～3周,产后14 d最高;确定了高酮血症诊断的首选指标为BHBA、NEFA,辅助指标及cut-point值分别为DBIL(1.15 mmol/L)、AST(73.50 IU/L);危险因素分别为NEFA(OR=7.72),TG(OR=7.03),GGT(OR=6.71),LDH(OR=4.45),P(OR=6.23)。本试验为建立完整有效的奶牛群体监测体系对预防围产期奶牛生产性疾病具有现实意义。 相似文献
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脂肪肝是围产期奶牛高发性疾病,可对奶牛养殖业造成巨大经济损失。血液中谷草转氨酶（AST）、葡萄糖（GLU）、非脂化脂肪酸（NEFA）、β-羟丁酸（BHBA）是脂肪肝的常规监测评价指标,然而上述疾病监测指标存在无法实现疾病早期监测预警、对脂肪肝的评价效果不佳等缺点,使得奶牛脂肪肝早期预警诊断难,严重制约了防控方案的实施。研究发现,相关血液生长分化因子对奶牛脂肪肝具有预警效果。文章主要论述近年来血液相关因子与围产期奶牛脂肪肝的关系的相关研究进展,为更好地建立奶牛脂肪肝早期监测技术提供参考。 相似文献
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1材料与方法
1．1实验动物
在南口农场牛场随机抽取产奶高峰期的乳牛50头，用72％中性酒精对50头进行酒精阳性乳检测，其中酒精阳性乳病牛7头，呈阴性者43头。将这7头酒精阳性乳作为阳性试验组。从43头奶牛中随机选择无其他临床症状的7头作为阴性对照组。 相似文献
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为了评价罗氏(Roche)ACCU-CHEK手持血糖仪检测奶牛血浆葡萄糖水平的效果,以及对奶牛酮病的预测价值,选取荷斯坦奶牛场产后1-7周内奶牛,分多次于清晨空腹采集血样200份,应用手持血糖仪现场检测全血血糖含量,分离血浆后送实验室用半自动生化仪检测血浆葡萄糖水平,用酶标仪检测BHBA含量,分析手持血糖仪检测效果以及对酮病的预测情况。血糖仪检测结果(平均值±标准差为3.49±0.57 mmol/L)稍高于生化仪检测结果(3.36±0.58 mmol/L),但两种方法检测的结果之间出现极显著差异(P<0.01)。按照2.8 mmol/L作为健康奶牛血糖下限,血糖仪和生化仪低血糖奶牛检出率(头数)分别为2%(4头)和8.5%(17头)。相关性分析表明,两种血糖方法检测结果为强正相关(n=200,R=0.903,P<0.01)。100头奶牛BHBA检测结果 0.63±0.37 mmol/L,按BHBA>1.2 mmol/L诊断为酮病牛,共检出酮病牛7头,其中血糖仪检为低血糖4头,还有1头奶牛的血糖值为2.9 mmol/L,表明血糖仪可检出约一半以上的酮病牛,可以用于奶牛产后血糖水平的快速监测,对尽早供给能量、预防酮病非常有益。因本实验样本量还较少,今后仍需扩大样本继续试验,为奶牛酮病的早期预测与预防提供科学手段。 相似文献
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缺磷症和肝功障碍奶牛血清碱性磷酸酶同功酶的诊断价值 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳分析了81头健康、26头缺磷症、30头肝功障碍和17头缺磷症伴肝功障碍牛的血清AKP同功酶,并以热灭活试验鉴定其组织来源,探讨了该酶对奶牛缺磷症和肝功障碍的诊断价值。结果表明,健康和病牛血清中均有5条带,其中快带(SF)和慢-1(SS-1)存在于全部血清样中,其余3条慢带仅在部分血清中出现。具有诊断意义的SF和SS-1分别来源于肝脏和骨骼。健康牛的肝带和骨带均无弥散现象,两带间有明显间隔;缺磷症牛的骨带弥散并与肝带相连,形成一条宽而着色深的酶带;肝功障碍牛的肝带弥散,着色加深,但与骨带有间隙;缺磷症伴肝功障碍牛的肝带和骨带均有弥散,形成一条很宽而着色很深的酶带。上述酶谱变化可作为奶牛缺磷症和(或)肝功障碍的重要诊断指标。 相似文献
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奶牛部分肝功能指标检测及其与血酮的相关性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
奶牛酮病的发生与产后脂肪肝的发生密切相关，有人认为在许多严重酮病病例可以借检查脂肪肝的严重性来预后酮病。但国内外对奶牛血酮含量与肝功能指标间相关性研究目前未见报道。本研究旨在探讨不同饲养条件下奶牛血液酮体含量变化以及血酮含量与部分肝功能指标间的相关性，这不仅对研究酮病的发病机理，或以酮病为对象的其他试验和研究提供一定的参考价值，而且对牛场管理者清楚地了解牧场牛群的健康状况和存在的问题，并及时对奶牛酮病采取综合防制措施有着重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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奶牛酮病是由于奶牛体内碳水化合物和挥发性脂肪酸代谢紊乱,血糖浓度下降,酮体生成增多所引起的酮血症、酮尿症、酮乳症的通称,一般发生于产后6周内。笔者自2001年以来对赤峰市红山区和松山区的十几个养殖户的216头奶牛调查中,发现患酮病的奶牛有35头,约占16%。酮病的发病率较高,可造成以下危害:血酮和乳酮水平增高,乳质和乳量下降,体重减轻,生殖系统疾病如发情延迟、受胎率下降等。还可造成犊牛机体抵抗力下降。有些病牛久治不愈或愈后复发,最终淘汰,给奶牛业造成严重损失。1原因1.1酮病的发生多在产后的第1个泌乳月,此间奶牛多食欲较差,特… 相似文献
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选取高产奶牛20头，根据乳酮阳性，血浆β-羟丁酸和血糖浓度分为健康牛，亚临床酮病牛和临床型酮病牛。将试验奶牛分4组，每组5头，Ⅰ组为亚临床酮病给药组，Ⅱ组为临床酮病给药组，Ⅲ组为酮病未给药对照组，Ⅳ组为健康未给药对照组。再给“酮病制剂1号”前后测定各组奶牛泌乳量、血浆β-羟丁酸及血糖指标。结果表明：“酮病制剂1号”使产后酮病奶牛泌乳量增加不显著（P〉0．05）；给药后，亚临床酮病Ⅰ组与临床酮病Ⅱ组奶牛血浆β-羟丁酸显著降低（P〈0.01），血糖浓度显著增加（P〈0．01）；未给药酮病Ⅲ组和对照Ⅳ组奶牛血浆β-羟丁酸和血糖给药前后差异不显著。结论：“酮病制剂1号”通过降酮升糖的途径发挥防治奶牛酮病的作用。 相似文献
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乔赛毛措 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2014,44(6):14-15
采用酮粉法和试剂法检测贵南县两个奶牛场135头临床健康的围产期奶牛的尿酮和乳酮,结果表明,试剂法和酮粉法均可用于早期检测尿中酮体,临床上以粉剂法更佳;奶牛酮病的早期诊断应在产后10d左右开始,尿酮阳性率高而敏感,而乳酮阳性率低;尿酮阳性率集中在产后20d。 相似文献
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Molecular insights into the mechanisms of liver‐associated diseases in early‐lactating dairy cows: hypothetical role of endoplasmic reticulum stress 
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下载免费PDF全文 R. Ringseis D. K. Gessner K. Eder 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(4):626-645
The transition period represents the most critical period in the productive life of high‐yielding dairy cows due to both metabolic and inflammatory stimuli, which challenge the liver and predispose dairy cows to develop liver‐associated diseases such as fatty liver and ketosis. Despite the fact that all high‐yielding dairy cows are affected by marked metabolic stress due to a severe negative energy balance (NEB) during early lactation, not all cows develop liver‐associated diseases. Although the reason for this is largely unknown, this indicates that the capacity of the liver to cope with metabolic and inflammatory challenges varies between individual high‐yielding dairy cows. Convincing evidence exists that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a key role in the development of fatty liver, and it has been recently shown that ER stress occurs in the liver of high‐yielding dairy cows. This indicates that ER stress may be involved in the development of liver‐associated diseases in dairy cows. The present review shows that the liver of dairy cows during early lactation is exposed to several metabolic and inflammatory challenges, such as non‐esterified fatty acids, tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin‐1β, reactive oxygen species and lipopolysaccharides, which are known inducers of ER stress. Thus, ER stress may represent a molecular basis for fatty liver development and account for the frequent occurrence of fatty liver and ketosis in high‐yielding dairy cows. Interindividual differences between dairy cows in the activation of hepatic stress response pathways, such as nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2, which is activated during ER stress and reduces the sensitivity of tissues to oxidative and inflammatory damage, might provide an explanation at the molecular level for differences in the capacity to cope with pathological inflammatory challenges during early lactation and the susceptibility to develop liver‐associated diseases between early‐lactating dairy cows with similar NEB and milk yield. 相似文献
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试验旨在探究围产期亚临床酮病与泌乳早期奶牛繁殖性能、卵泡发育之间的关系,并检测试验牛血液生化指标的变化。试验在黑龙江某大型集约化牛场开展,根据产后血酮水平确定亚临床酮病组（SCK）和健康组（C）奶牛共60头,根据试验牛产后50 d内发情状况,将SCK组再分为发情组（SCKE,16头）和乏情组（SCKA,14头）,C组也同样分为发情组（CE,25头）和乏情组（CA,5头）。所有试验牛在产后50 d通过直肠检查和B超检查了解子宫复旧及卵泡发育状况,记录繁殖性能数据,并进行血液生化指标分析。结果表明：与健康组发情奶牛相比,亚临床酮病发情奶牛产后首次发情日期推迟约10 d（P<0.05）;产后50 d卵泡直径差异极显著（差值约4 mm）（P<0.01）。亚临床酮病乏情奶牛子宫复旧延迟发生率显著高于健康组发情奶牛（P<0.05）;亚临床酮病奶牛血浆中胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）含量显著低于健康奶牛（P<0.05）,而泌乳量极显著提高（P<0.01）。与发情奶牛相比,乏情奶牛血浆中甘油三酯（TG）含量显著升高（P<0.05）;葡萄糖（Glu）、胰岛素（Ins）、雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P4）含量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）。综合以上试验结果,奶牛患亚临床酮病而导致能量代谢指标异常是引起奶牛乏情、产后卵泡发育受阻和繁殖障碍的主要因素,进而导致奶牛繁殖力下降。 相似文献
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Summary In dairy cows, overfeeding during the dry period leads to overcondition at calving and to depression of appetite after calving. As a consequence, at calving overconditioned high‐producing dairy cows inevitably go into a more severe negative energy balance (NEB) postpartum than cows that have a normal appetite. During the period of NEB, the energy requirements of the cow are satisfied by lipolysis and proteolysis. Lipolysis results in an increased concentration of non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood. In the liver, these NEFA are predominantly esterified to triacylglycerols (TAG) that are secreted in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). In early lactation in cows with a severe NEB, the capacity of the liver to maintain the export of the TAG in the form of VLDL in balance with the hepatic TAG production is not always adequate. As a result, the excess amount of TAG accumulates in the liver, leading to fatty infiltration of the liver (hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver). The NEB and/or fatty liver postpartum are frequently associated with postparturient problems. In general, a severe NEB induces changes in biochemical, endocrinological, and metabolic pathways that are responsible for production, maintenance of health, and reproduction of the postparturient dairy cow. These changes include a decrease in blood glucose and insulin concentrations, and an increase in blood NEFA concentrations. High NEFA concentrations caused by intensive lipolysis are accompanied by impairment of the immune system, making the cows more vulnerable to infections. Metabolic diseases such as ketosis, milk fever, and displaced abomasum are related to overcondition at calving. The changes in biochemical, endocrinological, and metabolic pathways are associated with delay of the first visible signs of oestrus, an increase in the interval from calving to first ovulation, a decrease in conception rate, and a prolonged calving interval. It is possible that the increased blood NEFA concentration directly impairs ovarian function. 相似文献
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Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is simply a condition marked by increased levels of circulating ketone bodies without the presence of the clinical signs of ketosis. Subclinical ketosis can cause economic losses through decreased milk production and association with preparturient diseases. Limited information is available regarding the prevalence of SCK in dairy herds in Southwestern Iran. The objectives of this study were (i) determination of the cutoff point of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and glucose concentrations for diagnosis of SCK using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and (ii) determination of prevalence of subclinical ketosis in apparently healthy dairy cattle in Southwestern Iran. From October to December 2009, a total of 100 clinically healthy multiparous Holstein cows (3-8 years old) were randomly selected from 16 dairy herds around Kazerun, Fars Province, Iran. The cows had two-six lactations, with body weight ranging from 500 to 650 kg. Blood samples for each cow were taken at 2, 4 and 6 weeks post parturition and 3-4h after the morning feeding. The optimal cutoff point was set, by the ROC method, to >0.26 mmol/L for NEFA, and < 2.26 mmol/L for glucose with corresponding 82.54% sensitivity and 91.89% specificity for NEFA and 44.44% sensitivity and 78.38% specificity for glucose. Cows with BHB concentrations higher than 1200 μmol/L were classified as having SCK. In 2, 4 and 6 weeks post parturition 63%, 68% and 59% of the tested cows were subclinically ketotic. Overall, 97% of tested cows (97/100) were considered subclinically ketotic in at least one sample period. Thirty percent of tested cows (30/100) suffered from subclinical ketosis in all of the 2, 4 and 6 weeks postpartum. The results suggest that, a cut-off point of 0.26 mmol/L for NEFA concentrations can be used during early lactation for diagnosis of subclinical ketosis and making management decisions for prevention and treatment. Glucose cannot be a good criterion for diagnosis of SCK and it does not appear to be useful for monitoring subclinical ketosis. 相似文献
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In dairy cows, overfeeding during the dry period leads to overcondition at calving and to depression of appetite after calving. As a consequence, at calving overconditioned high-producing dairy cows inevitably go into a more severe negative energy balance (NEB) postpartum than cows that have a normal appetite. During the period of NEB, the energy requirements of the cow are satisfied by lipolysis and proteolysis. Lipolysis results in an increased concentration of non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood. In the liver, these NEFA are predominantly esterified to triacylglycerols (TAG) that are secreted in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). In early lactation in cows with a severe NEB, the capacity of the liver to maintain the export of the TAG in the form of VLDL in balance with the hepatic TAG production is not always adequate. As a result, the excess amount of TAG accumulates in the liver, leading to fatty infiltration of the liver (hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver). The NEB and/or fatty liver postpartum are frequently associated with postparturient problems. In general, a severe NEB induces changes in biochemical, endocrinological, and metabolic pathways that are responsible for production, maintenance of health, and reproduction of the postparturient dairy cow. These changes include a decrease in blood glucose and insulin concentrations, and an increase in blood NEFA concentrations. High NEFA concentrations caused by intensive lipolysis are accompanied by impairment of the immune system, making the cows more vulnerable to infections. Metabolic diseases such as ketosis, milk fever, and displaced abomasum are related to overcondition at calving. The changes in biochemical, endocrinological, and metabolic pathways are associated with delay of the first visible signs of oestrus, an increase in the interval from calving to first ovulation, a decrease in conception rate, and a prolonged calving interval. It is possible that the increased blood NEFA concentration directly impairs ovarian function. 相似文献
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奶牛养殖过程中,围产期被认为是最重要的时期之一,在该时期奶牛从干奶状态转为泌乳状态,生理上所受的应激造成奶牛泌乳早期采食量降低,易发生能量负平衡.此外,奶牛生产性能和繁殖性能也会降低,并常常伴有一些围产期疾病的发生,如脂肪肝、酮症、乳房炎等.胆碱能影响奶牛的生产与繁殖性能,参与奶牛的脂肪代谢,可降低脂肪肝发生率,提高免疫性能.对围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃保护胆碱(rumen protected choline,RPC),可改善奶牛机体代谢,增加小肠胆碱供应,进而提高奶产量、改善乳成分、缓解脂肪肝、减少围产期疾病的发生.本文综述了RPC对围产期奶牛干物质采食量、生产性能、乳成分以及健康状况的影响,旨在为围产期奶牛的养殖提供理论参考依据. 相似文献
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Tomoya TAKAHASHI Akihiro MORI Hitomi ODA Isao MURAYAMA Mitsuhiko KOUNO Toshinori SAKO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(2):260
Changes in lipoprotein profiles occur in dairy cows during the periparturient period and in cows with transition cow disease. Here, the lipoprotein profiles of Holstein–Friesian dairy cows during the periparturient period were obtained by anion-exchange, high-performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the usefulness of lipoprotein profile evaluation during the periparturient period and in cows with fatty liver and milk fever. Lipoprotein levels (including total and high- (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol) in 10 healthy cows were low 4 weeks prepartum, with the lowest values at calving or within 1 week of calving; the values increased at 8 weeks postpartum. The lipoprotein levels were measured in 16 cows diagnosed with fatty liver (n=10) or milk fever (n=6) and compared to 10 healthy dairy cows. A significant difference was observed in HDL-C between healthy cows (at calving and 1 week postpartum), and the fatty liver and milk fever cows. Cows with fatty liver and milk fever had a lower mean HDL-C than the 10 healthy dairy cows at calving and 1 week postpartum. HDL-C might be a good indicator of energy balance for differentiating healthy cows from those with transition cow disease. 相似文献