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暗管排水控盐对盐渍化灌区土壤盐分淋洗有效性评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《灌溉排水学报》2020,(8)
【目的】解决盐渍化灌区土壤盐渍化较严重问题,明确暗管排水控盐对土壤盐分淋洗效果的影响。【方法】以灌区下游乌拉特灌域为研究区,通过野外实测和室内试验分析结合,采用经典统计学与地质统计原理,分析收获后、春灌前后暗管排水土壤盐分统计特征和空间异质性,及其土壤盐分和盐分离子脱盐效率和暗管排水对地下水埋深的影响。【结果】暗管排水0～20、20～40、40～100 cm土壤平均脱盐率分别为61.14%、52.78%、40.37%,随着土壤深度的增加,脱盐率减小。春灌后土壤盐分变异系数降低、空间自相关性增强,说明春灌后土壤盐分空间异质性均有所下降。土壤中除CO_3~(2-)表现为上升趋势外,其余各离子均表现为下降趋势,且HCO_3~-脱盐率最小,几乎不变,土壤各盐分离子脱盐率大小表现为:Cl~-K~++Na~+SO_4~(2-)Mg~(2+)Ca~(2+)HCO_3~-。暗管排水地下水埋深在灌后7 d开始下降,且下降速率较快,排水明沟深1.5 m,对地下水埋深的控制效果较好。【结论】利用暗管排水均能降低土壤含盐量,弱化土壤含盐量的空间异质性,土壤盐分由"高盐异质性"向"低盐均质性"转变,有效降低土壤盐分离子量,避免盐渍化过程中离子平衡失调,防止盐类向单一化方向发展。利用暗管排水技术降低河套灌区土壤盐分,控制地下水埋深,保证作物正常生长,防止土壤次生盐渍化具有重要意义;暗管排水技术可在河套灌区农业生产中推广应用。 相似文献
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利用实测和室内试验获得的数据,采用经典统计学和地质统计学方法,结合 GIS 技术,分析了新疆克里雅绿洲地下水埋深时空变化对土壤盐分分布的影响。研究结果表明：克里雅绿洲春、夏、秋3个季节地下水埋深和土壤EC值预测精度误差均为10%左右;夏天地下水埋深最大,为13.1 m,春天最小,一年内埋深波动可达6 m;地下水埋深大致形成了南深北浅的空间分布特征;春季土壤EC值连续性相对差,夏季0~10 cm土壤EC值相对高而且连续性最好,土壤盐分最高值出现在绿洲中北部：土壤盐分受地下水埋深影响显著,地下水埋深从东南部到北部呈减小趋势,土壤盐分随地下水埋深的减小而增加。因此,应采取适合克里雅绿洲水资源状况的管理措施,控制地下水埋深,防止土壤盐渍化的进一步加剧。 相似文献
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为分析地埋秸秆体的排水抑盐效果,在室内试验的基础上,利用HYDRUS-2D模型模拟地埋秸秆体条件下盐渍土水盐运移动态,结果表明:地埋秸秆体可以有效降低土壤盐分,在灌溉水矿化度为3 g/L,地下水埋深为150 cm条件下,土壤盐分较不埋设秸秆体处理减少了17.4%;土壤水分和土壤盐分随灌溉水矿化度的增加而增加,随地下水深度增加而减小;在控制土壤含盐量小于2.55 g/kg条件下,分别采淡水、矿化度为3和5 g/L的微咸水灌溉时,地下水埋深应分别控制在80、120和200 cm以下。该研究为微咸水资源的利用及盐渍土的合理开发利用提供依据和参考。 相似文献
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《灌溉排水学报》2021,40(7)
【目的】探究暗管排水对鄂尔多斯市达拉特旗重度盐碱地土壤盐分运移的影响机制。【方法】按照暗管间距18 m、吸水管埋深1.2～1.5 m、集水管埋深1.8～2.0 m的参数,铺设暗管进行田间小区试验,利用空间插值、线性回归、主成分分析等统计方法,对2019年5—10月暗管排水条件下1 m土层的土壤含盐量、地下水埋深、地下水矿化度、灌排水水质、盐分离子等数据及其相互关系进行分析。【结果】(1)试验区1 m土层的盐分空间分布属于中等变异(25%～75%),土壤盐分类型为表聚型。(2)铺设暗管使地下水埋深增加了50～60 cm,试验结束时土壤盐分较试验开始时土壤盐分平均降低10%左右。(3)暗管铺设条件下,土壤盐分的主导离子为K~++Na~+、SO_4~(2-)和Cl~-,地下水中主导离子为K~++Na~+、Cl~-和HCO_3~-。(4)暗管铺设下黄河水灌溉后,土壤中HCO_3~-量增加56%,而其他盐离子量降低,SO_4~(2-)、K~++Na~+、Cl~-降幅较大分别为36%、34%、31%;灌水淋洗后,排水、地下水中各离子量均增加,排水矿化度增加幅度是地下水矿化度增加幅度的3.43倍。【结论】重度盐碱地铺设暗管,能控制地下水埋深,并降低土壤含盐量,有效促进土壤中SO_4~(2-)、K~++Na~+、Cl~-的淋洗排出,但同时要注意黄河水灌溉中HCO_3~-可能引起的土壤碱化问题。 相似文献
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地下水埋深对土壤剖面盐分离子分异的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用室内土柱模拟试验研究了不同地下水埋深对土体盐分离子作用规律的影响。结果表明,在0～30 cm土层电导率随地下水埋深的变化呈现规律性变化,即:EC100 cmEC120 cmEC80 cm≥EC60 cmEC40 cm。且不同地下水埋深对不同盐分离子作用的影响不同,土壤盐分、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+和SO42-表聚的敏感地下水埋深是100 cm,而Cl-表聚的敏感地下水埋深是60 cm。在相同地下水埋深条件下,Ca2+、Na+和SO42-迁移规律与土壤盐分的迁移规律一致。 相似文献
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干旱区灌排条件下田间土壤盐分动 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据干旱地区实测的田间土壤含盐量、地下水埋深和矿化度以及灌溉量，分析了土壤盐分的时间动态变化及空间分布特征，确定了土壤盐分与地下水矿化度的线性正相关关系，建立了土壤盐分与地下水埋深和矿化度的统计模型。 相似文献
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地下水埋深对冬麦田土壤水分及产量的影响 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
通过6种地下水位控制处理和对照(自然地下水位)冬小麦试验,探讨了不同地下水埋深对冬麦田土壤水分季节变化规律和垂直变化规律、地下水-土壤水界面水分转化量变化过程以及对冬麦田田间土壤水分平衡的影响。结果表明,地下水埋深对冬麦田0～60cm土壤水分动态有着明显的影响。地下水埋深越浅,麦田表层和主要根层土壤储水量季节变化越强烈,地下水对土壤水分的补给量越大,冬小麦全生育期耗水量也随着增加;土壤排水量大小与灌溉量和降雨量大小有关。地下水位埋深越深,灌溉和降水后的土壤开始排水日期越滞后;无论地下水埋深深浅,冬麦田累计地下水补给量变化规律可分为4个阶段,即稳定增长期、缓慢增长期、快速增长期和趋于稳定期;地下水埋深1.5m时冬小麦产量最高,地下水位太深或太浅产量均下降。水分利用率最高值出现在地下水埋深1.0m的处理。地下水位在1.0m以下时,水分利用效率随地下水深度加深和灌水量增加而减少。 相似文献
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为揭示平原水库周边无灌溉生态林地水盐分布特征,2013-2014连续两年开展生态林地的地下水埋深、矿化度、土壤含水率及含盐量逐月监测。结果表明:周边生态林地地下水埋深变化范围在1.18~1.82m之间,水位变化幅度不大,地下水位随季节性变化较小;地下水矿化度变化范围在0.42~4.92g/L之间,呈周期性变化。土壤水分含水量整体随着土层深度的增加而增加。土壤总盐含量在0.24~8.9g/kg之间变化,其中10~40cm土层含盐量变化最为显著,具有明显的盐分表聚现象。 相似文献
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银北高水位盐碱地土壤盐分与地下水特征关系分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据银北灌区典型高水位盐碱地的土壤盐分与地下水特征的监测数据,运用相关分析法与主成分分析法,对土壤盐分与地下水埋深、地下水水化学特征之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤盐分垂直分布呈现明显表聚性,0~20 cm土层全盐含量均值为3.34 g/kg,p H均值为8.81;研究区内71%地下水样为微咸水,矿化度TDS均值为2.69 g/L;土壤全盐及盐分组成呈中等强度变异,土壤p H值呈弱变异。(2)耕层全盐含量与土壤中除CO32-和HCO3-的其他离子均呈极显著正相关,其中与Na+、Cl-、SO42-等离子的相关系数大于0.9,与地下水中各指标相关性大小排序为;SO42->矿化度>Cl->Na+>地下水埋深;地下水矿化度与地下水中除CO32-和HCO3-的其他离子均呈极显著正相关,其中与Na+、Cl-的相关系数大于0.9;土壤中的Na+和Cl-与地下水埋深呈显著负相关,与地下水矿化度和地下水中的SO42-呈显著正相关,土壤中的SO42-与地下水埋深呈显著负相关,与地下水矿化度和地下水中的SO42-呈极显著正相关。(3)主成分分析结果表明:影响研究区土壤盐渍化程度的主要因素依次为地下水含盐量及主要盐分离子、土壤中的主要盐分离子、地下水埋深。 相似文献
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暗管排水对油葵地土壤脱盐及水分生产效率的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为了建立宁夏惠农区庙台乡给予太阳能水泵抽水的暗管排水工程的灌溉排水制度,以油葵为研究对象,设暗管排水和非暗管排水2个处理,观测分析了暗管排水对田间土壤含盐量、地下水位和产量等的影响。结果表明,在油葵生育期内,与进行暗管排水前相比,暗管排水使暗管排水区的地下水水位降低0.09 m,降幅6.21%;地下水矿化度降低9.79%;土壤含盐量降低13.64%;与非暗管排水区相比,暗管排水区的油葵增产8.10%,灌溉水生产效率增加8.40%,群体水分生产效率增加9.86%。 相似文献
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Soil salinity has often become a long-term problem associated with irrigated agriculture in the arid and semi-arid regions. But the problem can be controlled by good management of surface and groundwater resources. Management of groundwater is achieved through drainage, although drainage may not be necessary for some time after the initial construction of a scheme. This paper introduces a regional model for predicting expected soil salinity conditions and groundwater depths over an irrigation scheme. The model considers all the main hydrological systems which influence soil salinity and makes optimal use of sparse point field data from grid surveys. The model can be used to identify priority areas for reclamation measures, ie areas where conditions combine to produce high salinity levels. Thus drainage development can be phased over a period of time and targeted where it will be most effective. 相似文献
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The Leziria Grande area consists mainly of poorly drained, saline clay soils of marine origin. Three experimental fields were laid out to find whether subsurface drainage can be effective in lowering the groundwater table and improving desalinization.Subsurface drainage results in a lower groundwater table than does surface drainage. With increasing spacing, the groundwater remains at a higher level for longer periods, which is expressed here by the sum of exceedances of the groundwater table above 30 cm during winter.Soil salinity, expressed as EC1:2, and sodicity, expressed as E.S.P., decreased during the first 3 years, in which precipitation varied between 600 and 750 mm and the average drain outflow was about 250 mm. The leaching efficiency decreased with time, indicating that the removal of salt is a slow process in fine-textured soil.Application of gypsum lowered the E.S.P. The infiltration rate and the drain outflow increased. Although the total amount of salts in the drainwater was 40% higher than for the untreated plots, no lower EC1:2 values were found. This is ascribed to spatial variability in soil salinity. 相似文献
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应用DRAINMOD对测坑控制排水条件下地下水位的模拟分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究控制排水措施对农田地下水位的影响,在湖北省荆州市四湖工程管理局丫角排灌试验站进行了测坑控制排水试验,并利用DRAINMOD模型对不同试验方案下地下水位进行数值模拟。模拟结果表明：在棉花生育期内,地下水位模拟结果和实测结果的一致性较好,该模型可有效地模拟预测水测坑控制排水条件下地下水位特性;控制排水措施能有效调控地下水位． 相似文献
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The effect of salinity on water productivity of wheat under deficit irrigation above shallow groundwater 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Saline groundwater is often found at shallow depth in irrigated areas of arid and semi-arid regions and is associated with problems of soil salinisation and land degradation. The conventional solution is to maintain a deeper water-table through provision of engineered drainage disposal systems, but the sustainability of such systems is disputed. This shallow groundwater should, however, be seen as a valuable resource, which can be utilised via capillary rise (i.e. sub-irrigation). In this way, it is possible to meet part of the crop water requirement, even where the groundwater is saline, thus decreasing the need for irrigation water and simultaneously alleviating the problem of disposing of saline drainage effluent. Management of conditions within the root zone can be achieved by means of a controlled drainage system.A series of lysimeter experiments have permitted a detailed investigation of capillary upward flow from a water-table controlled at shallow depth (1.0 m) under conditions of moderately high (5 mm/day) evaporative demand and with different levels of salinity. Experiments were conducted on a wheat crop grown in a sandy loam soil. Groundwater salinity was held at values from 2 to 8 dS/m while supplementary (deficit) irrigation was applied at the surface with salinity in the range 1-4 dS/m.Our experiments show that increased salinity decreased total water uptake by the crop, but in most treatments wheat still extracted 40% of its requirement from the groundwater, similar to the proportion reported for non-saline conditions. Yield depression was limited to 30% of maximum when the irrigation water was of relatively good quality (1 and 2 dS/m) even with saline groundwater (up to 6 dS/m). Crop water productivity (grain yield basis) was around 0.35 kg/m3 over a wide range of salinity conditions when calculated conventionally on the basis of total water use, but was generally above 1.0 kg/m3 if calculated on the basis of irrigation input only. 相似文献
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In the irrigated western U.S. disposal of drainage water has become a significant economic and environmental liability. Development of irrigation water management practices that reduce drainage water volumes is essential. One strategy combines restricted drainage outflow (by plugging the drains) with deficit irrigation to maximize shallow groundwater consumption by crops, thus reducing drainage that needs disposal. This approach is not without potential pitfalls; upward movement of groundwater in response to crop water uptake may increase salt and sodium concentrations in the root zone. The purposes for this study were: to observe changes in the spatial and temporal distributions of SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) and salt in a field managed to minimize drainage discharge; to determine if in situ drainage reduction strategy affects SAR distribution in the soil profile; and to identify soil or management factors that can help explain field wide variability. We measured SAR, soil salinity (EC1:1) and soil texture over 3 years in a 60-ha irrigated field on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, California. At the time we started our measurements, the field was beginning to be managed according to a shallow groundwater/drainage reduction strategy. Soil salinity and SAR were found to be highly correlated in the field. The observed spatial and temporal variability in SAR was largely a product of soil textural variations within the field and their associated variations in apparent leaching fraction. During the 3-year study period, the percentage of the field in which the lower profile (90-180 cm) depth averaged SAR was above 10, increased from 20 to 40%. Since salinity was increasing concomitantly with SAR, and because the soil contained gypsum, sodium hazard was not expected to become a limiting factor for long term shallow groundwater management by drain control. It is anticipated that the technology will be viable for future seasons. 相似文献