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1.
利用半纤维素酶/漆酶协同处理3种不同类型的竹刨花,热压制备竹材自生胶合刨花板,研究不同刨花形态对刨花板物理力学性能的影响.结果表明:刨花形态对竹材自生胶合刨花板主要物理力学性能有显著影响,3种刨花形态中,4～16目的细刨花性能最佳,16目以上碎刨花作为填料加到大刨花中有利于提高刨花板弹性模量,减小吸水厚度膨胀率.该结论为进一步研究刨花形态与竹材自生胶合刨花板物理力学性能的关系提供了理论基础. 相似文献
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漆酶/碳源系统预处理对稻草碎料板性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用添加少量碳源与漆酶组成的体系对稻草进行预处理,以改善其压板性能,研究了漆酶预处理的最佳工艺条件、漆酶／碳源系统(LCS)与漆酶／介体系统(LMS)预处理结果比较及酶处理对稻草碎料板性能的影响。结果表明:LCS完全可以代替昂贵的LMS来降解稻草中木质素;预处理最适条件为pH值5.0,温度45℃,液比1:7,时间4-6h,酶用量20-30IU／g;当酶用量为20IU/g,时间4h条件下预处理稻草碎料板的各项力学性能均有显著改善,与粗碎料板相比,酶处理对细碎料板的性能改善效果更是明显:内结合强度(IB)增加20％,静曲强度(MOR)增加21％,弹性模量(MOE)增加31％,吸水厚度膨胀率(TS)降低35％,甲醛释放量可达到F1级标准。 相似文献
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研究了热压法制造竹木混合水泥刨花板工艺并对影响板材性能的因素进行探讨。结果表明:竹刨花水煮预处理后所制备的板材性能较好;本实验范围内,竹木混合水泥刨花板较合适的工艺参数为竹木比1∶3、灰木比4∶1、热压时间1～2min/mm板厚、CaCl2用量为灰重的5%、水灰比0.4。 相似文献
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酸预处理对毛竹酶解糖化的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
竹子富含纤维素和半纤维素,是生产纤维素乙醇的潜在原料来源。而预处理过程是研究的重点和难点之一。本文以毛竹为原料,研究了微波消解稀酸预处理对其化学组成及其酶水解的影响。结果表明,预处理条件为酸用量为2%(w/w干物质),固液比1∶6,温度180℃,时间30min时,能脱除97.2%的半纤维素。预处理得到的底物在酶用量为纤维素酶20FPU/g纤维素和β-葡萄糖苷酶40IU/g纤维素,水解48h,纤维素水解得到葡萄糖的收率由2.41%(未经预处理)提高到52.72%。酶水解过程中,酸不溶木质素的存在,可导致葡萄糖收率的降低。 相似文献
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研究了酶处理对相思木EMCC(延伸改良连续蒸煮)硫酸盐浆(KP浆)氧脱木质素效果的影响。结果表明,由白腐菌直接合成的漆酶/木聚糖酶体系(LXS)预处理相思木EMCC硫酸盐浆的的适宜酶用量为7 IU/g;LXS预处理后浆料氧脱木质素的适宜反应时间、最高反应温度及用碱量分别为60 min、100℃和2.5%;利用LXS进行氧脱木质素后处理的适宜反应时间及酶用量分别为2 h和5 IU/g。SEM观察到经过酶处理后纤维表面及横切面出现大量的裂隙及孔隙,其中以酶后处理最为明显,为后续漂白中化学药品的渗透和漂白降解产物的溶出创造条件。 相似文献
8.
采用漆酶活化木素或其磺酸盐制备胶黏剂用于人造板生产,可以消除游离甲醛的污染问题。以漆酶、工业木素及其磺酸盐、杨木为原料,在处理时间分别为30、45、60min,pH值分别为3．5、4．5、5．5,温度20℃条件下,分别以漆酶处理工业木素、木素磺酸钠和木素磺酸铵三种底物制备胶黏剂,然后在热压时间30min,压力4．5～5MPa,热压温度150℃条件下生产杨木胶合板。结果表明,除漆酶木素磺酸钠胶合体系外,漆酶木素和漆酶木素磺酸铵的胶合体系的胶合板胶合强度均达到并超过国家Ⅲ类胶合板的要求。 相似文献
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研究了绿液预处理对麦秆酶水解的影响.比较了不同绿液预处理条件下麦秆的浆得率、成分组成与纤维素酶解率,结果表明,预处理条件越剧烈,原料损失越大,而木质素脱除率越高,且在相同酶水解条件下,纤维素酶解率却越高,其中适宜的条件是预处理温度150℃,总碱量8％(Na2O计,对绝干原料)和硫化度40％,浆得率62.0％,葡聚糖、木聚糖和木质素质量分数50.0％、18.9％和16.2％,葡萄糖和木糖得率分别为74.2％和73.5％.考察了质量浓度和酶用量对绿液预处理麦秆酶水解的影响,优化了商品纤维素酶酶系结构和Tween-80的添加量,表明绿液预处理麦秆纤维素酶水解的适宜条件为质量浓度100 g/L,纤维素酶用量15 FPU/g(以纤维素计,下同),β-葡萄糖苷酶9 IU/g,木聚糖酶30 IU/g,Tween-800.05 g/g.在以上条件下,酶水解72 h,葡萄糖得率和木糖得率分别达到了82.5％和77.8％,是优化前的2.6和1.6倍. 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):139-149
Mean age, mean and top heights and yield were studied in 20 mixed stands of birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. and nine mixed stands of birch and Pinus sylvestris L. in south-eastern Norway. Each mixed stand and the adjacent pure coniferous stand (control) were growing under the same site conditions and had not been commercially thinned. There were no significant differences in mean age at breast height or in top heights between birch and conifers in the mixed stands, while mean height was significantly higher for birch than for spruce. A growth index was calculated based on total volume and age at breast height. For the spruce sites the growth in young mixed stands (birch < 17 m) was superior to that of pure spruce, while the difference was insignificant in older stands. The growth index correlated positively with the ratio between generatively and vegetatively regenerated birch trees, and negatively with the age of the oldest species in the mixture and with site quality. For the pine sites there was no significant difference in the growth index between mixed birch-pine and pure pine stands. A mixture effect of birch on the volume yield of spruce or pine could not be demonstrated. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):150-157
An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation. 相似文献