共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
桤木不同品系蒸腾特性与水分利用效率的研究 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
对H1、H12、J5和J10等4个四川桤木品系的蒸腾特性和水分利用效率进行了研究,结果表明(1)蒸腾速率日变化呈单峰、双峰曲线2种类型,具有明显的峰值,属轻蒸腾午休型.峰值出现时间因不同曲线类型和不同品系均有差别;蒸腾速率月均值以6月份(H1、H12)、7月份(J5、J10)的最高,分别是2.57、3.65、2.64、3.84 mmol·m-25-1;J10、H12品系的蒸腾速率月均值明显高于J5、H1品系;(2)净光合速率日变化4月呈单峰曲线,6～8月有单峰、双峰2种类型,以6月份最高,H1、H12、J5、J10的净光合速率峰值分别为12.20、18.56、15.64、18.43 μmoI·m-2s-1,8月份最低,分别为6.43、11.73、9.62和10.74 μmol·m-2s-1;(3)水分利用效率日变化以上午700～900最高,下午或傍晚较低;4月(H1、J5)、6月(H12和J10)的水分利用效率平均值最大,分别为4.82、5.80、2.98、3.34 μmol·mol-1,且H1和J5分别大于H12、J10.(4)通过多因子回归分析,影响蒸腾速率的关键因子是气孔导度、光照强度与空气温度,H1对光合有效辐射变化不敏感,受CO2浓度影响的品系H12受温度的影响较小,对水分比较敏感. 相似文献
2.
4个四川桤木品系的光合生理特性研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用LI—6400便携式光合仪对4个四川桤木品系的光合生理特性研究结果表明:①H12与J10在光合特性上相对于H1、J5具有明显优势。H12、J10保持有较高的净光合速率,净光合速率(Pn)日变化4月份呈单峰、6月份是双峰曲线类型;②表观量子效率J5最大,但都在0.32~0.57之间,表明四川桤木对弱光的利用能力比较强,植物吸收与转换光能的色素蛋白复合体可能较多,具有较大的光合潜力,模拟光曲线的最大净光合速率J10最高,且实验表明光饱和点(LSP)与最大净光合速率(Pnmax)正相关系;③羧化效率(CE)J10最大,H1最小,羧化效率与最大净光合速率也呈一定的正相关系。 相似文献
3.
在完全自然生长不离体的情况下,利用Li-6400测定南召宝天曼生境下山茱萸7月份的光合生理生态指标.结果表明;山茱萸净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,具有光合"午休"现象且由非气孔限制因素所致;山茱萸净光合速率与叶片气孔导度、胞间C02浓度、气孔限制值呈线性相关,与光合有效辐射呈二次抛物线型相关,与其它生理生态因子之间没有直接的显著相关,但逐步回归多元统计分析显示利用叶片气孔导度和叶片温度二因子预测山茱萸净光合速率精度较高;在叶温28C和空气CO2浓度360μmol·tool-1条件下,山茱萸净光合速率随光合有效辐射的增强而提高,光补偿点和光饱和点分别为25 μmol·m-2·s-1、1000μmol·m-2·s1,在此条件下,净光合速率与蒸腾速率和叶片气孔导度没有显著的相关关系．但与胞间CO2浓度呈二次抛物线璎显著相关;在叶温28C和光合有效辐射900 μmol·m-2·s-1条件下,净光合速率随着CO2浓度的增加而提高,CO2补偿点和CO2饱和点分别为100μmol·mol-1、1400μmol·mol-1此条件下净光合速率与蒸腾速率和胞间CO2浓度均星对数曲线显著正相关. 相似文献
4.
对J5、J10、H1、H12等4个桤木品系苗木光合动态特征及差异性研究结果表明:(1)4个桤木品系上、下部叶的Pn日变化呈现出单峰型和双峰型两种曲线类型;在同一时间Pn日变化曲线上的同一时刻,H12、J10品系的Pn均高于H1、J5品系;(2)在整个生长季节,4个桤木品系苗木的上部叶片Pn的日变化最大值、月均值均明显高于相对应品系下部叶pn的日变化最大值和月均值;H12、J10品系上、下部叶的Pn日变化的最大值和月均值分别高于H1、J5的相对应的光合特征值;在栽培时选取H12和J10具有明显的生长优势;(3)方差分析表明:不同品系、不同树冠部位、不同月份净光合速率(Pn)均达到极显著差异水平,J10和H12的Pn明显高于J5、H1的Pn;上部叶的Pn显著高于下部叶的;一年中以6月份的Pn为最高,10月份最小;净光合速率以上部叶的贡献占主要地位. 相似文献
5.
晚大新高梨的净光合速率变化规律初探 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
利用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统对晚大新高梨进行叶片净光合速率测定研究,结果表明,净光合速率日变化在4、5月份为单峰型,在6、7月份为双峰型,年变化为双峰型。净光合速率Pn在光强为18-1 476 μmol·m-2·s-1时随光强的增强而增大, 净光合速率Pn在CO2浓度为31-963 μmol·mol-1时随CO2浓度的增大而升高,叶片在展叶后23 d内,净光合速率Pn呈上升趋势,23 d后Pn值略有下降,然后趋于稳定。不同部位叶片的净光合速率Pn相比,树冠外围中部最高,下部最低。 相似文献
6.
研究了在3种不同CO2浓度(360 μmol·mol-1、800 μmol·mol-1、1 200 μmol·mol-1)下马尾松针叶的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率的变化.结果表明:在当前CO2(360 μmol·mol-1)浓度下,当光强为1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1时,净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别为3.46 μmol·m-2·s-1、0.273 mmol·m-2·s-1、0.0254 mmol·m-2·s-1,针叶的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为:(1 800±2) μmol·m-2·s-1和(24±2) μmol·m-2·s-1.当CO2加富到1 200 μmol·mol-1时,针叶的光饱和点降低了200 μmol·m-2·s-1,而光补偿点增加了4 μmol·m-2·s-1.在光照强度为50～2 000 μmol·m-2·s-1的条件下,不同CO2浓度下的水分利用率平均值分别为:1 200 μmol·mol-1浓度下的19.163 μmol·mmol-1,800 μmol·mol-1浓度下的12.912 μmol·mmol-1,360 μmol·mol-1浓度下的11.192 μmol·mmol-1.短期的CO2加富降低了植物叶片的蒸腾速率、气孔导度,而植物的水分利用效率则上升. 相似文献
7.
采用光合测定仪Li-6400,对西藏川滇高山栎生长季节(5~10月份)的光合作用进行了测定。结果表明:在自然环境条件下生长季节光合速率呈增长趋势,8月份最大,是生长最旺盛的月份;光合速率日变化呈现单峰型,仅在6月的中午14:00时出现"午休"现象;根据双曲线修正模型得出,川滇高山栎光饱和点和光补偿点分别为1 444.19μmol/(m2·s)和37.78μmol/(m2·s);CO2浓度的增加有助于川滇高山栎叶片净光合速率的提高,CO2浓度达到1 800μmol/mol时,净光合速率有下降的趋势,产生光抑制现象。 相似文献
8.
用LI-6400便携式光合作用系统对美国黑樱桃、加拿大黑樱桃、中国山樱桃苗木的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度等进行了比较测定,结果表明:(1)日平均净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度均是中国山樱桃最大、美国黑樱桃居中、加拿大黑樱桃最小.3种苗木的净光合速率分别为6.381 μmol·m-2·s-1、5.550 μmol·m-2·s-1、4.952 μmol·m-2·s-1,气孔导度分别为0.200 mol·m-2·s-1、0.151 mol·m-2·s-1、0.134 mol·m-2·s-1,胞间CO2浓度分别为251.7 μmol·mol-1、234.7 μmol·mol-1、230.1 μmol·mol-1.(2)3种苗木的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度均有显著差异.(3)3种苗木净光合速率的日变化相似,都呈单峰曲线,但美国黑樱桃达到峰值的时间在上午10时,早于加拿大黑樱桃和中国山樱桃,后两者达到峰值的时间都在中午12时.胞间CO2浓度的日变化都是从早晨开始逐渐下降,到下午降低到最小值,然后又有所增加,所不同的是,美国黑樱桃苗木下降到最小值的时间较早,在14时,而中国山樱桃和加拿大黑樱桃则较迟,都在16时.气孔导度的日变化趋势相似. 相似文献
9.
采用Licor-6400型便携式光合作用测定系统测定了人工混交林中云南松、华山松光合作用对光、CO2浓度的响应曲线,阐述了云南松、华山松光合作用对光和CO2浓度的响应特征.结果表明:云南松、华山松光合速率随光强或CO2浓度的提高而增大,均可用非直角双曲线拟合,并得出一些光合响应特征参数,两树种间差异显著(P＜0.05);云南松、华山松具有较高的光饱和点(LSP)和补偿点(LCP),表现为典型的喜阳性特点,具有较强的光能利用能力.在CO2饱和下,云南松、华山松最大净光合速率(Pmax)分别可达14.768、10.289 μmol·m-2·s-1,与光饱和下相比,最大净光合速率(Pmax)分别提高了56.9%和62.0%.与华山松及几个北方针叶树相比,云南松具有较高的光饱和点、最大净光合速率、RuBP羧化效率(CE)、光呼吸速率(却)、CO2饱和点(CSP),以及较低的暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点、CO2补偿点(CCP),云南松具有高光效和高CO2利用率等光合特性,属于高光能生产潜力的针叶树种. 相似文献
10.
在不同CO2浓度(380、720 μmol·mol-1)的密闭式生长箱内,对5年生油松和侧柏苗、3年生元宝枫和刺槐苗进行培养,研究CO2浓度升高与干旱胁迫对4种树苗光合特性和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:高CO2浓度均能增加正常水分和重度干旱胁迫下4个树苗的光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和瞬时水分利用效率(WUE;),而降低蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Cord);在轻度干旱和重度干旱条件下,Pn、Ci、Tr、Cond和WUEi增加,刺槐的WUEi却减少.CO2浓度增加,4个树种在同一干旱时期的碳稳定同位素比值(δ13C)减少.随着干旱胁迫加剧,不同CO2浓度下4个树种的Pn、Tr和Cond减少,而720 μmol·mol-1 CO2浓度下4个树种和380 μmol·mol-1CO2浓度下刺槐和元宝枫的WUEi和δ13C增加,而380μmol·mol-1CO2浓度下油松和侧柏的WUEi和δ13C先增加,到重度干旱时又下降.CO2浓度增加与干旱胁迫的交互作用减弱了干旱胁迫或者CO2浓度增加中的某一因子对气孔变化的敏感性,使得气孔变化缓慢,延迟了水分胁迫的发生. 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
18.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
19.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献