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Kerstin Wernike Franz Conraths Gina Zanella Harald Granzow Kristel Gache Horst Schirrmeier Stephen Valas Christoph Staubach Philippe Marianneau Franziska Kraatz Detlef Höreth-Böntgen Ilona Reimann Stéphan Zientara Martin Beer 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014
In autumn 2011, a novel species of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the Simbu serogroup was discovered close to the German/Dutch border and named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). Since then, SBV has caused a large epidemic in European livestock. Like other viruses of the Simbu serogroup, SBV is transmitted by insect vectors. Adult ruminants may show a mild transient disease, while an infection during a critical period of pregnancy can lead to severe congenital malformation, premature birth or stillbirth. The current knowledge about the virus, its diagnosis, the spread of the epidemic, the impact and the possibilities for preventing infections with SBV is described and discussed. 相似文献
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The latent periods of Visna virus and of progressive pneumonia virus were demonstrated by one-cycle growth studies to end 14–16 hr after infection of sheep choroid plexus cell cultures. Maedi virus was demonstrated to have a 14–18-hr latent period. 相似文献
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Concurrent infection with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) and Theileria annulata was diagnosed in a Friesian calf about 6 months of age at a dairy farm at the Qassim region of central Saudi Arabia. The
disease ended fatally with signs of liver and heart failure. There was anorexia, pyrexia, anaemia, generalized oedema and
jaundice. Haematology showed low RBC counts, PCV percentage and haemoglobin concentration and WBC counts. Lymphocyte differential
was high. Examination of blood smears stained with Giemsa’s stain showed the presence of piroplasms in red blood cells. Autopsy
showed enlarged lymph nodes and lymphosarcoma lesions in the omentum and the heart. There was hydroperitoneum, hydropericardium
and hydrothorax. The liver was pale yellow and friable. Impression smears from sliced lymph nodes and stained with Giemsa’s
stain showed presence of Koch’s blue bodies in lymphoblasts. Histopathological examination revealed fatty degeneration of
hepatocytes and pleomorphic lymphoblasts and giant cells in lymph nodes. Lymphoblasts infiltrated the omentum and heart tissues.
Amyloid was found around blood vessels in the liver, kidneys and lymph nodes. BVL infection was diagnosed by demonstrating
antibodies against the virus in serum using agar gel immunodiffusion and was confirmed with ELISA. 相似文献
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Atsuo IIDA Hitoshi TAKEMAE Ronald TARIGAN Ryosuke KOBAYASHI Hirokazu KATO Hiroshi SHIMODA Tsutomu OMATSU Supratikno Chaerul BASRI Ni Luh Putu Ika MAYASARI Srihadi AGUNGPRIYONO Ken MAEDA Tetsuya MIZUTANI Eiichi HONDO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(7):1068
Here, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) on six large flying foxes (Pteropus vampyrus) collected in Indonesia. Seventy-five virus species in the liver tissue of each specimen were listed. Viral homologous sequences in the bat genome were identified from the listed viruses. This finding provides collateral evidence of viral endogenization into the host genome. We found that two of the six specimens bore partial sequences that were homologous to the plant pathogens Geminiviridae and Luteoviridae. These sequences were absent in the P. vampyrus chromosomal sequences. Hence, plant viral homologous sequences were localized to the hepatocytes as extrachromosomal DNA fragments. Therefore, this suggests that the bat is a potential carrier or vector of plant viruses. The present investigation on wild animals offered novel perspectives on viral invasion, variation, and host interaction. 相似文献
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Fong-Yuan LIN Yeu-Yang TSENG Kun-Wei CHAN Shu-Ting KUO Cheng-Hsiung YANG Chi-Young WANG Masaki TAKASU Wei-Li HSU Min-Liang WONG 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1055-1062
Orf virus (ORFV), a member of parapoxvirus, is an enveloped virus with genome
of double-stranded DNA. ORFV causes contagious pustular dermatitis or contagious ecthyma
in sheep and goats worldwide. In general, detection of viral DNA and observing ORFV virion
in tissues of afflicted animals are two methods commonly used for diagnosis of orf
infection; however, isolation of the ORFV in cell culture using virus-containing tissue as
inoculum is known to be difficult. In this work, the ORFV (Hoping strain) isolated in
central Taiwan was successfully grown in cell culture. We further examined the biochemical
characteristic of our isolate, including viral genotyping, viral mRNA and protein
expression. By electron microscopy, one unique form of viral particle from ORFV infected
cellular lysate was demonstrated in the negative-stained field. Moreover, immunomodulating
and anti-influenza virus properties of this ORFV were investigated. ORFV stimulated human
monocytes (THP-1) secreting proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α. And, pre-treatment
of ORFV-infected cell medium prevents A549 cells from subsequent type A influenza virus
(IAV) infection. Similarly, mice infected with ORFV via both intramuscular and
subcutaneous routes at two days prior to IAV infection significantly decreased the
replication of IAV. In summary, the results of a current study indicated our Hoping strain
harbors the immune modulator property; with such a bio-adjuvanticity, we further proved
that pre-exposure of ORFV protects animals from subsequent IAV infection. 相似文献
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The reported incidence of clinical hepatitis E cases is rising in some non‐endemic countries, with concurrent concerns regarding potential hepatitis E virus (HEV) contamination of the blood supply. Therefore, the characterization of major potential sources of human HEV exposure is important to inform risk assessment and public health policy. A systematic review was conducted, including a comprehensive search in six electronic bibliographic databases, verified by hand‐searching reference lists of HEV reviews, and a grey literature search, of the broad research question ‘what is the evidence of the association between predictors of human HEV exposure, and HEV IgG seropositivity, in non‐endemic countries?’ Using forms designed a priori, captured studies were appraised at first‐level screening, second‐level characterization, and third‐level data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Meta‐analysis yielded summary estimates of association between potential predictors and odds of HEV seropositivity. Meta‐analysis and meta‐regression of the odds of HEV seroprevalence in specific groups characterized potential sources of HEV exposure. From 4,163 captured citations, 245 relevant studies underwent data extraction, investigating HEV seroprevalence or predictors in both healthy subjects and targeted patient groups. Across these groups, increasing age was a predictor of HEV IgG seropositivity. Both human immunodeficiency virus patients and haemodialysis patients had significantly increased odds of HEV seropositivity relative to the general population. Working with pigs, in forestry, or in hospitals, was significantly associated with increased odds of HEV seropositivity, as were consumption of meat, pork or game meat, or hunting. Chronological time was not associated with HEV seropositivity within our data sets. Further study of the distribution of potential dietary or behavioural predictors between high and lower prevalence areas within non‐endemic countries could improve our understanding of the relative importance of specific HEV transmission pathways. 相似文献
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Katrine M. Paulsen Carlos G. das Neves Erik G. Granquist Knut Madslien Snorre Stuen Benedikte N. Pedersen Rose Vikse Mara Rocchi Ellie Laming Karin Stiasny shild K. Andreassen 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(4):342-351
Tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the causative agent of tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE). TBEV is one of the most important neurological pathogens transmitted by tick bites in Europe. The objectives of this study were to investigate the seroprevalence of TBE antibodies in cervids in Norway and the possible emergence of new foci, and furthermore to evaluate if cervids can function as sentinel animals for the distribution of TBEV in the country. Serum samples from 286 moose, 148 roe deer, 140 red deer and 83 reindeer from all over Norway were collected and screened for TBE immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies with a modified commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by TBEV serum neutralisation test (SNT). The overall seroprevalence against the TBEV complex in the cervid specimens from Norway was 4.6%. The highest number of seropositive cervids was found in south‐eastern Norway, but seropositive cervids were also detected in southern‐ and central Norway. Antibodies against TBEV detected by SNT were present in 9.4% of the moose samples, 1.4% in red deer, 0.7% in roe deer, and nil in reindeer. The majority of the positive samples in our study originated from areas where human cases of TBE have been reported in Norway. The study is the first comprehensive screening of cervid species in Norway for antibodies to TBEV, and shows that cervids are useful sentinel animals to indicate TBEV occurrence, as supplement to studies in ticks. Furthermore, the results indicate that TBEV might be spreading northwards in Norway. This information may be of relevance for public health considerations and supports previous findings of TBEV in ticks in Norway. 相似文献
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Kei IMURA James Kenn CHAMBERS Kazuyuki UCHIDA Shunsuke NOMURA Satoshi SUZUKI Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA Yasutsugu MIWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(12):1667-1670
An 8-month-old common marmoset
(Callithrix jacchus) was presented with tic-like symptoms, and a
2-year-old pigmy marmoset (Callithrix pygmaea) was presented with dyspnea
and hypersalivation. Both monkeys died within a few days, and necropsies were performed.
Histopathological examinations revealed ulcerative stomatitis with epithelial cell
swelling and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the oral epithelium of both
cases. In the central and peripheral nervous systems, neuronal cell degeneration with
intranuclear inclusion bodies was observed. Immunohistochemical examination using
anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 antibody revealed virus antigens in both cases. Both
animals had been kept as pets with limited exposure to the ambient environment except via
their owners. Therefore, herpes simplex virus type-1 was probably acquired from close
contact with their owners. 相似文献
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Emelissa J. Mendoza Alyssia Robinson Kristina Dimitrova Nicole Mueller Kimberly Holloway Kai Makowski Heidi Wood 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(8):909-917
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito‐borne pathogen that causes CHIKV fever. Definitive diagnosis is crucial for patients experiencing symptoms similar to other arboviral diseases because they can vary in clinical consequences. An increasing number of patients experience long‐term rheumatic effects of CHIKV infection, but these cases may not be optimally detected by molecular assays and anti‐CHIKV IgM ELISAs (M‐ELISAs) used for confirmation and screening, respectively. The subsequent confirmatory serological test, the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), is laborious and time‐consuming. In this study, we evaluated a new diagnostic algorithm in which the M‐ELISA is conducted in parallel with an anti‐CHIKV IgG ELISA (G‐ELISA) and observed that the Euroimmun M‐ELISA combined with the Euroimmun G‐ELISA or the Abcam G‐ELISA exhibited excellent sensitivity and specificity for CHIKV. The combinations demonstrated perfect and near perfect inter‐rater agreement with the PRNT, respectively, suggesting their potential to be used as alternatives to the confirmatory serological PRNT assay for CHIKV. 相似文献
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Masaji MASE Makiko GOTOU Daisuke INOUE Satoko WATANABE Hiroshi ISEKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(3):522
Seventeen isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were obtained from various prefectures of Japan during 2008–2019 and genetically analyzed. The IBV isolates were classified into six genetic groups, based on phylogenetic analysis of the S1 gene. The S1 genotypes were distinguishable by a newly developed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method using three endonucleases, Hae II, Hpa I, and Fok I. Moreover, the isolates were classified into four genetic groups, based on phylogenetic analysis of the S2 gene. However, novel genetic groups based on a combination of S1 and S2 genotypes, which were undetected previously, were confirmed in this study, indicating that various recombinant IBV strains were prevalent in poultry in Japan. 相似文献
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Dung Thi LE Son Vu NGUYEN Mari OKAMOTO Nanako YAMASHITA-KAWANISHI Tung Duy DAO Vuong Nghia BUI Haruko OGAWA Kunitoshi IMAI Takeshi HAGA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(8):1273
The detection of bovine foamy virus (BFV) in Vietnamese cattle was performed using conventional PCR targeting pol and gag genes. Out of 243 tested samples, ten (4.1%) and eight (3.3%) samples were positive for BFV gag and pol DNA, respectively. The prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) estimated by detection of proviral DNA using nested PCR targeting env gene was 26.7% (65/243). The results of nucleotide sequence alignment and the phylogenetic analysis suggested that Vietnamese BFV strains showed high homology to isolates belonging to either European or non-European clades. There was no significant correlation between BLV and BFV. This study provides information regarding BFV infection and confirms the existence of two BFV clades among Vietnamese cattle for the first time. 相似文献
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Junko SUZUKI Yohei NISHIO Yuki KAMEO Yutaka TERADA Ryusei KUWATA Hiroshi SHIMODA Kazuo SUZUKI Ken MAEDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1457-1463
In 2007–2008, a canine distemper virus (CDV) epidemic occurred among wild animals in
Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, and many mammals, including the wild boar and deer, were
infected. In this study, CDV prevalence among wild animals was surveyed before and after
the epidemic. At first, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with horseradish
peroxidase-conjugated protein A/G was established to detect CDV antibodies in many
mammalian species. This established ELISA was available for testing dogs, raccoons and
raccoon dogs as well as virus-neutralization test. Next, a serological survey of wild
mammalians was conducted, and it was indicated that many wild mammalians, particularly
raccoons, were infected with CDV during the epidemic, but few were infected before and
after the epidemic. On the other hand, many raccoon dogs died during the epidemic, but CDV
remained prevalent in the remaining population, and a small epidemic occurred in raccoon
dogs in 2012–2013. These results indicated that the epidemic of 2007–2008 may have been
intensified by transmission to raccoons. 相似文献
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Pigs have been associated with several episodes of influenza outbreaks in the past and are considered to play a significant role in the ecology of influenza virus. The recent 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus originated from swine and not only did it cause widespread infection in humans, but was also transmitted back to swine in Asia, Europe and America. What may be the prevailing situation in Africa, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa, with respect to the circulation of classical swine or pandemic influenza? The ecology of influenza viruses, as well as the epidemiology of human or animal influenza, is poorly understood in the region. In particular, little is known about swine influenza in Africa despite the relevance of this production in the continent and the widespread pig husbandry operations in urban and rural areas. In this review, the gap in the knowledge of classical and pandemic swine influenza is attributed to negligence of disease surveillance, as well as to the economic and public health impact that the disease may cause in sub‐Saharan Africa. However, emerging serological and virological evidence of swine influenza virus in some countries in the region underscores the importance of integrated surveillance to better understand the circulation and epidemiology of swine influenza, a disease of global economic and public health importance. 相似文献
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