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1.
K. C. BARNETT 《The Journal of small animal practice》1985,26(6):305-316
Cataract is a common eye condition in the dog, classified in several ways and with a varied aetiology. The clinical appearance of hereditary cataract is described in the Boston Terrier, Miniature Schnauzer, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Large Munsterlander, English Cocker Spaniel, American Cocker Spaniel, Afghan Hound, Welsh Springer Spaniel, German Shepherd Dog, Standard Poodle. Cataracts secondary to other eye diseases, both hereditary and non-hereditary, and to systemic conditions are also discussed, as well as the differential diagnosis of cataract. 相似文献
2.
Responses of atopic dogs to intradermal challenge with 60 allergens were determined and compared for 4 regions of the United States Twenty-seven allergens incited significantly higher responses in atopic dogs residing in northern Florida, when compared with dogs in Illinois; responses to 28 allergens were more significant in dogs residing in southern Florida vs Illinois. Only 1 allergen caused more responses in atopic dogs in northern Florida, compared with dogs in southern Florida. Females had a higher tendency to develop clinical signs of atopy. Dogs of the West Highland White Terrier, Cairn Terrier, English Setter, Irish Setter, Dalmatian, Lhasa Apso, Golden Retriever, and Labrador Retriever breeds were found to be predisposed to develop clinical signs of atopy. Dogs of the Poodle, Pug, German Shepherd Dog, Cocker Spaniel, Bulldog, Schnauzer, Doberman Pinscher breeds, of mixed breeding, and of terrier breeds other than the 2 aforementioned were not found to have a higher prevalence, when compared with the general hospital population. Of the atopic dogs evaluated in Florida, 79% had a significant response to flea antigen, compared with only 9% of atopic dogs evaluated in Illinois. 相似文献
3.
Karmi N Brown EA Hughes SS McLaughlin B Mellersh CS Biourge V Bannasch DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(6):1337-1342
Background: Hyperuricosuria is a condition that predisposes dogs to urate urolithiasis. A mutation that causes canine hyperuricosuria was previously identified in 3 unrelated dog breeds. The occurrence of the mutation in additional breeds was not determined. Hypothesis/Objectives: Identify additional breeds that have the hyperuricosuria mutation and estimate the mutant allele frequency in those breeds. Animals: Three thousand five hundred and thirty dogs from 127 different breeds were screened for the hyperuricosuria mutation. Methods: DNA samples were genotyped by pyrosequencing and allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction methods. Results: Mutant allele frequencies that range from 0.001 to 0.15 were identified in the American Staffordshire Terrier, Australian Shepherd, German Shepherd Dog, Giant Schnauzer, Parson (Jack) Russell Terrier, Labrador Retriever, Large Munsterlander, Pomeranian, South African Boerboel, and Weimaraner breeds. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The hyperuricosuria mutation has been identified in several unrelated dog breeds. The mutant allele frequencies vary among breeds and can be used to determine an appropriate breeding plan for each breed. A DNA test is available and may be used by breeders to decrease the mutant allele frequency in breeds that carry the mutation. In addition, veterinarians may use the test as a diagnostic tool to identify the cause of urate urolithiasis. 相似文献
4.
K E Brennan P J Ihrke 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1983,182(11):1201-1204
A retrospective study of 182 cases of grass awn migration in dogs and cats seen during a 1-year period was performed. The 182 cases comprised 61% of all foreign body-related cases during that year. Compared with the total hospital population, there was an increased prevalence of grass awn problems in the Springer Spaniel, Golden Retriever, Brittany Spaniel, and Airedale Terrier, but a decreased prevalence in German Shepherd Dogs, Miniature Poodles, and Dachshunds. The most common site of grass awn localization was the external ear canal, involving 51% of grass awn cases. Other common sites of grass awn localization included the interdigital webs, eye, nose, lumbar area, and thoracic cavity. Only 8 of the 182 animals were cats and 7 of the 8 had ocular involvement. 相似文献
5.
K. C. BARNETT 《The Journal of small animal practice》1978,19(1-12):109-120
Hereditary cataract in the dog is described as it occurs in the Boston Terrier, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, the Miniature Schnauzer, the Golden Retriever, the Labrador Retriever, the American Cocker Spaniel, the Afghan Hound, and the Old English Sheepdog. The mode of inheritance in each breed is also discussed and includes both dominant and recessive patterns. 相似文献
6.
Luis Gaitero Stephanie Nykamp Rob Daniel Gabrielle Monteith 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2013,54(2):133-138
Cranial thoracic intervertebral disc herniations have been reported to be rare in dogs due to the presence of the intercapital ligament, however some studies have proposed they may not be uncommon in German Shepherd dogs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare cranial thoracic intervertebral disc herniations in German Shepherd dogs and other large breed dogs (control group). Medical records at the Ontario Veterinary College were searched for German Shepherd dogs and other large breed dogs that had magnetic resonance imaging studies including the T1‐T9 region. For each dog and each disc space from T1‐T9, three variables (compression, disc degeneration, and herniation) were recorded and graded based on review of sagittal T2‐weighted images. Twenty‐three German Shepherd dogs and 47 other large breed dogs met inclusion criteria. The German Shepherd dog group had higher scores than the control group for compression (P = 0.0099) and herniation (P < 0.001), but not disc degeneration (P = 0.97). In the German Shepherd dog group, intervertebral discs T2‐T3 and T4‐T5 had an increased risk for compression and T3‐T4 had an increased risk for compression and herniation. Findings from this study indicated that German Shepherd dogs may be more likely than other large breed dogs to have spinal cord compression due to cranial thoracic disc herniations. Imaging of the cranial thoracic spine, including T2‐T3, is recommended for German Shepherd dogs with T3‐L3 neurological signs. 相似文献
7.
Anthony Valverde Sandra Arnau Almudena García‐Molina Daznia Bompart Marcos Campos Eduardo Raúl S. Roldn Carles Soler 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(5):795-803
Dogs have undergone an intensive artificial selection process ever since the beginning of their relationship with humans. As a consequence, a wide variety of well‐defined breeds exist today. Due to the enormous variation in dog phenotypes and the unlikely chance of gene exchange between them, the question arises as to whether they should still be regarded as a single species or, perhaps, they be considered as different taxa that possess different reproductive traits. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize some male reproductive traits, focusing on kinematic characteristics of dog spermatozoa from several breeds. Thirty‐seven dogs from the following breeds were used: Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Labrador Retriever, Spanish Mastiff, Valencian Rat Hunting Dog, British Bulldog and Chihuahua. Semen samples were obtained via manual stimulation and diluted to a final sperm concentration of 50 million/ml, and they were subsequently analysed by the computer assisted semen analysis (CASA‐Mot) ISAS®v1 system. Eight kinematic parameters were evaluated automatically. All parameters showed significant different values among breeds and among individuals within each breed. The fastest sperm cells were those of Staffordshire Bull Terriers and the slowest were recorded in Chihuahuas. The intra‐male coefficient of variation (CV) was higher than the inter‐male CV for all breeds with the Staffordshire Bull Terrier showing the lowest values. When taking into consideration the cells by animal and breed, discriminant analyses showed a high capability to predict the breed. Cluster analyses showed a hierarchical classification very close to that obtained after phylogenetic studies with genome markers. In conclusion, future workers on dog spermatozoa should bear in mind major differences between breeds and realize that results cannot be extrapolated from one to another. Because sperm characteristics are associated with breed diversity, dogs may represent a good model to examine changes in reproductive parameters associated with selection processes. 相似文献
8.
OBJECTIVE: Testing of the cataract-causing insertion/deletion mutation in the canine HSF4 gene for its linkage and association with primary cataracts (CAT) in Dachshunds and Entlebucher Mountain dogs. MATERIALS: Exon 9 with flanking intronic regions of the canine HSF4 gene was sequenced in 24 Dachshunds and 20 Entlebucher Mountain dogs. The HSF4 cDNA sequence of lens tissue was analyzed in a CAT-unaffected mixed-breed dog and in three CAT-affected dogs of different breeds, including a Wire-haired Dachshund, a Dachshund-mix and a German Shepherd dog. RESULTS: In all dogs investigated here, the previously reported CAT-causing mutation did not exist. We found a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 9, which was neither associated nor linked with the CAT phenotype in the two dog breeds. CONCLUSION: The CAT phenotype in the two dog breeds investigated here was not caused by the same mutation found to be associated with early-onset CAT in the Staffordshire Bull Terrier and Boston Terrier. The intronic SNP may be useful to test HSF4 for linkage with CAT in further dog breeds. 相似文献
9.
Heat Related Illness (HRI) in dogs is expected to increase as heatwaves surge due to global warming. The most severe form of HRI, heat stroke, is potentially fatal in dogs. The current study investigated the incidence and risk factors for HRI in dogs in NSW, Australia, from 1997 to 2017. We identified 119 HRI cases during this period, with a fatality rate of 23%. Dog breeds at elevated risk of HRI were Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog, British Bulldog, French Bulldog, Maremma Sheepdog, Italian Greyhound, Chow Chow, Airedale Terrier, Pug, Samoyed, English Springer Spaniel, Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Border Collie, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and pooled non-Australian National Kennel Council breeds (which included the American and Australian Bulldog) when compared with cross breeds (i.e., the reference variable). As expected, HRI cases were more likely in December and January, during the Australian summer and during hotter years (e.g., 2016). There were no differences in the risk of HRI between males and females nor between desexed or un-desexed dogs; but older dogs were at increased risk of HRI. These findings underscore the need for data collection that will enable the incidence of HRI in dogs to be monitored and to better understand canine risk factors particularly as temperatures will continue to rise due to global warming. The risk of mortality from HRI underpins the need for education programs focussed on prevention and early identification of HRI so that owners present affected dogs to their veterinarian as promptly as possible. 相似文献
10.
Objectives
To report our experience with thoracoscopic lung lobectomy in dogs with primary lung tumors and compare the long‐term outcome between dogs with primary lung tumors treated with lobectomy via thoracoscopy or thoracotomy.Study Design
Retrospective case series; case–control study.Animals
Thirteen dogs with primary lung tumors treated with thoracoscopic lung lobectomy; case‐matched cohort of 9 dogs with primary lung tumors treated with lobectomy via thoracotomy.Methods
Medical records from dogs that underwent thoracoscopic lung lobectomy at a single institution were reviewed. Only cases with primary lung tumors were included. Surgical complications and conversion rate were reported. Cases without conversion and with clean margins on histologic examination were matched on prognostic criteria to cases with primary lung tumors treated with lobectomy via thoracotomy. Survival was compared between thoracoscopy and thoracotomy.Results
Thirteen dogs with primary lung tumors that measured 2.2–7 cm underwent thoracoscopic lung lobectomy. Nine dogs were diagnosed with carcinoma and 4 with histiocytic sarcoma. There were 3 conversions to open thoracotomy because of poor visualization. There were no differences in short‐term outcome between dogs that had their procedures completed via thoracoscopy and those that were converted to thoracotomy. Nine dogs with clean margins were matched with 9 dogs treated via thoracotomy. Mean (standard deviation) followup was 367 (327) days for dogs undergoing thoracoscopy and 603 (612) days for dogs undergoing thoracotomy. The 2‐year survival rate was 44% for thoracoscopy and 56% for thoracotomy (P = .942).Conclusion
Selected primary lung tumors in dogs can be safely resected with thoracoscopy and not affect long‐term outcome.11.
To examine the congenital nature of the geographic form of focal/multifocal retinal dysplasia, we carried out a retrospective analysis of the medical records of dogs produced in a closed colony of service dogs who receive very thorough ophthalmologic examinations early in their life, and later, when they return for training. Medical records were reviewed from all dogs produced by The Seeing Eye, Inc. between October 1991 and September 1998, and which had a diagnosis of geographic retinal dysplasia coded. We identified 23 dogs of five different breeds or interbreed crosses that comprise the breeding and production program (Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Labrador Retriever/Golden Retriever cross and German Shepherd/Labrador Retriever cross) in which the results of at least two complete ophthalmic examinations were documented, the first before 10 weeks of age, and the second when the dog was a young adult. Of the 23 dogs, only one was identified as affected with the geographic form of retinal dysplasia when examined at 5–6 weeks of age. The remaining dogs were normal. Our findings indicate that, in most cases, the geographic form of retinal dysplasia is not present in dogs prior to 10 weeks of age. These findings indicate the need to revise recommendations for early screening of dogs for retinal dysplasia. 相似文献
12.
A 3-month-old female German Shepherd puppy was presented for routine vaccination. Clinical evaluation revealed a grade 5/6 continuous murmur with the point of maximal intensity over the left 4th intercostal space. Echocardiography revealed a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The PDA was closed by a team of general practitioners using the Jackson-Henderson technique, via a standard 4th intercostal thoracotomy. A multi-modal approach to analgesia and premedication was employed. A successful outcome was achieved with no murmur or evidence of cardiac disease present 6 months after surgical occlusion. The literature is reviewed with an emphasis placed on choosing techniques that are appropriate to the level of expertise of the surgical and anaesthetic teams, as well as the surgical facilities available. 相似文献
13.
Tatiana H. Ferreira Leandro B.C. Teixeira Carrie A. Schroeder Cristina de Miguel Garcia Kristopher M. Schroeder 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(6):811-819
Objectives
To describe an ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block and determine the distribution after injection of two volumes of methylene blue in dog cadavers.Study design
Prospective experimental cadaveric study.Animals
Twelve dog cadavers weighing 11 ± 3 kg.Methods
Ultrasound-guided injections aimed at the fifth thoracic (T5) paravertebral space were performed in randomized order using 0.1 or 0.3 mL kg–1 dye solution (six dogs for each volume). Anatomic dissections determined dye spread characteristics, including the presence and degree of staining of spinal nerves, and the presence of intercostal and sympathetic trunk spread. Staining of mediastinum, epidural, intrapleural and contralateral thoracic paravertebral space was recorded.Results
There was no significant difference in dye distribution between groups. The use of anatomic landmarks resulted in the inaccurate identification of the T5 paravertebral space. The T4, T5 and T6 paravertebral spaces were injected in four, five and three of 12 dogs, respectively. Complete staining of the spinal nerve of the thoracic paravertebral space injected was observed in 11 of 12 dogs, and partial staining in one dog in the low-volume group. Multisegmental distribution was demonstrated with staining of contiguous spinal nerves in one dog in the high-volume group, and multiple segments of intercostal (three dogs) and sympathetic trunk (four dogs) spread in both groups. No mediastinal, epidural, intrapleural or contralateral thoracic paravertebral space staining was observed.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Ultrasound-guided injection at the thoracic paravertebral space resulted in staining of the spinal nerve in all dogs. However, T5 paravertebral space was not accurately identified using anatomic landmarks. Dye distribution was not significantly different between the two groups; therefore, the use of the lower-volume and multiple-site injections would be potentially necessary in clinical cases to achieve ipsilateral blockade of the thoracic wall. 相似文献14.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the range of various cardiac parameters using echocardiography in apparently normal, healthy English Bull Terriers. DESIGN: Fourteen English Bull Terriers were selected for study. Cardiac auscultation of the parents of these dogs was normal. Echocardiographic examination of one parent of each animal showed: no mitral or aortic valve abnormalities; no myocardial lesions; no two dimensional evidence of fixed or dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; and no systolic aortic or left ventricular outflow tract turbulence on colour flow Doppler examination. The 14 selected dogs did not have arrhythmias or murmurs, and on echocardiographic examination had similar findings to their parents. Systolic blood pressure was measured in all dogs and they had no clinical evidence of Bull Terrier polycystic kidney disease or Bull Terrier hereditary nephritis. PROCEDURE: All dogs were auscultated and subjected to a sequential global echocardiographic assessment of the heart, including two dimensional long and short axis, and colour flow Doppler interrogation of the mitral and aortic valves. Dimensional measurements, including those from the left atrium, aortic annulus and left ventricle, were taken from a right parasternal window, and derived values such as fractional shortening, stroke volume and left atrial to aortic annulus ratio were calculated. Peak systolic aortic velocity was measured from the left parasternal window using two dimensional-guided pulsed wave Doppler with angle correction. Systolic blood pressure was measured using a Doppler monitor. The absence of Bull Terrier polycystic kidney disease was determined using renal ultrasonography, and of Bull Terrier hereditary nephritis using urinary protein to creatinine ratio. RESULTS: These 14 dogs had greater left ventricular wall thickness and smaller aortic root diameters than those reported as normal for other breeds of comparable body size. Left atrial dimensions were also larger, however this may have been due to the "maximising" method of measurement. These apparently normal English Bull Terriers also had higher aortic velocities than those reported for other breeds, possibly due to a smaller aortic root diameter or other anatomic substrate of the left ventricular outflow tract, lower systemic vascular resistance, or breed-specific "normal" left ventricular hypertrophy. While these dogs were selected to be as close to normal as possible, the breed may have a particular anatomy that produces abnormal left ventricular echocardiographic parameters. CONCLUSION: These echocardiographic parameters may be used to diagnose left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and left ventricular hypertrophy, and inaccurate diagnoses may result if breed-specific values are not used. 相似文献
15.
Stegeman JR Birkenheuer AJ Kruger JM Breitschwerdt EB 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(7):959-63, 952
A 2.5-year-old spayed female German Shepherd Dog was referred for evaluation of progressive anemia, lethargy, and weight loss. Seventeen days earlier, the dog had received a whole blood transfusion to manage hemorrhage after ovariohysterectomy. Mild fever, splenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia were also identified. Von Willebrand disease and Babesia gibsoni infection were diagnosed. Because of the serologic cross-reactivity of B gibsoni and B canis in the immunofluorescent antibody assay for IgG antibodies against these organisms, polymerase chain reaction amplification of parasite DNA was required to identify the infecting Babesia sp. The source of the B gibsoni infection was traced to an apparently healthy American Pit Bull Terrier blood donor. Despite resolution of clinical signs in the dog of this report, a series of antiparasitic treatments failed to eliminate the B gibsoni infection. Screening of potential blood donor dogs for Babesia spp is becoming increasingly important in the United States. 相似文献
16.
Abraham LA Mitten RW Beck C Charles JA Holloway SA 《Australian veterinary journal》2003,81(1-2):42-46
Sciatic nerve tumour was diagnosed in a Staffordshire Bull Terrier cross-bred and a Bichon Frise, both presenting with chronic left hind limb lameness. Neurological examination in each case was consistent with left sciatic nerve deficits and this was confirmed by EMG studies. Rectal examination of both dogs revealed a palpable intrapelvic mass that was not apparent on survey radiographs. A sciatic nerve tumour was identified using MRI in each case. Histological examination of tissue taken from the Staffordshire Bull Terrier cross-bred was consistent with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour. 相似文献
17.
Abstract CASE HISTORIES: Three dogs, aged between 11 and 20 weeks, were presented with unilateral forelimb lameness, with an associated bony prominence on the lateral elbow. CLINICAL FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS: Radiographs revealed a caudolateral luxation of the radial head in all cases, consistent with a diagnosis of suspected congenital luxation of the radial head. Surgical reduction and stabilisation involved open reduction of the radial head, and in two cases the use of a trans articular pin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Congenital luxation of the radial head is an uncommon condition that has conflicting reports in the literature regarding its cause, heritability, breed predisposition, treatment and prognosis. The three cases here occurred in young dogs of English Bull Terrier, Jack Russell Terrier, and Staffordshire Bull Terrier breeds. Surgical reduction and stabilisation provided successful outcomes, in all cases. Only six cases of congenital luxation of the radial head managed surgically have previously been reported in the literature. 相似文献
18.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate a possible association between Bull Terrier polycystic kidney disease (BTPKD) and cardiac disease, to determine the prevalence of mitral valve disease (MVD) and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in the Australian Bull Terrier population, and to compare auscultation and echocardiography in detection of cardiac disease in Bull Terriers. DESIGN: Ninety-nine Bull Terriers, ranging in age from 8 weeks to 13 years and 11 months were auscultated and examined using renal ultrasonography; 86 were also examined using echocardiography. The prevalence and severity of heart defects in dogs with BTPKD was compared with that in dogs without BTPKD. RESULTS: Nineteen of these 99 dogs were diagnosed with BTPKD. Forty-two percent of Bull Terriers with BTPKD and 28% of those without BTPKD had murmurs characteristic of mitral regurgitation or LVOTO. How recently an animal was descended from an ancestor with BTPKD was associated with presence (P = 0.008) and loudness of a murmur (P = 0.009). Overall, echocardiography detected MVD in 39% of Bull Terriers, with increased prevalence in older animals (P = 0.003). Mitral stenosis was found in eight cases. Fifty-three percent of dogs in this study had evidence of LVOTO, with obstruction consisting of a complex of lesions including dynamic or fixed subvalvular LVOTO, significantly narrowed left ventricular outflow tract or valvular aortic stenosis. Dogs with BTPKD, or those descended from dogs with BTPKD, were more likely to have MVD (P = 0.006), and while LVOTO was not more common in these dogs, if they did have LVOTO, they were more likely to have severe obstruction than dogs with no ancestors with BTPKD (analysed in three ways P = 0.028 to 0.001). In this study, 46% of Bull Terriers without a murmur or arrhythmia had cardiac disease detected on echocardiographic examination. CONCLUSION: Cardiac disease, especially MVD and LVOTO, was common in Bull Terriers in this study, and those with BTPKD had an increased risk of cardiac abnormalities. Auscultation did not detect a significant number of Bull Terriers with cardiac disease. 相似文献
19.
Hess RS Kass PH Ward CR 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2000,216(9):1414-1417
OBJECTIVE: To determine which dog breeds are at low and high risk for developing diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN: Cohort study. ANIMALS: Hospital population of 221 dogs with DM and 42,882 dogs without DM during 5.5 years. PROCEDURE: 165 breeds (including a mixed-breed category) were represented in the hospital population. Breed-specific expected numbers of dogs with DM were calculated by multiplying the proportion of all dogs admitted to the hospital that were determined to have DM during the study period by the breed-specific totals during the study period. Breeds or breed groups evaluated in the analysis (n = 20) were restricted to those that had a combined observed and expected count > 5 to document breeds at low and high risk for developing DM. Proportionate changes in the risk of developing DM by breed were calculated and presented using exact odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P values. Mixed-breed dogs were chosen as the reference breed. RESULTS: Samoyeds, Miniature Schnauzers, Miniature Poodles, Pugs, and Toy Poodles were at high risk for developing DM. Dog breeds found to be at low risk for developing DM were German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, and American Pit Bull Terrier. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The finding that certain dog breeds are at low or high risk for developing DM suggests that some genetic defects may predispose dogs to development of DM, whereas other genetic factors may protect dogs from development of DM. 相似文献
20.
Scansen BA Schober KE Bonagura JD Smeak DD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(8):1172-1180
CASE DESCRIPTION: 4 dogs with acquired pulmonary artery stenosis (PAS) were examined for various clinical signs. One was a mixed-breed dog with congenital valvular PAS that subsequently developed peripheral PAS, one was a Golden Retriever with pulmonary valve fibrosarcoma, one was a Pembroke Welsh Corgi in which the left pulmonary artery had inadvertently been ligated during surgery for correction of patent ductus arteriosus, and one was a Boston Terrier with a heart-base mass compressing the pulmonary arteries. CLINICAL FINDINGS: All 4 dogs were evaluated with 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography to characterize the nature and severity of the stenoses; other diagnostic tests were also performed. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The mixed-breed dog with valvular and peripheral PAS was euthanized, surgical resection of the pulmonic valve mass was performed in the Golden Retriever, corrective surgery was performed on the Pembroke Welsh Corgi with left pulmonary artery ligation, and the Boston Terrier with the heart-base mass was managed medically. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Acquired PAS in dogs may manifest as a clinically silent heart murmur, syncope, or right-sided heart failure. The diagnosis is made on the basis of imaging findings, particularly results of 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Treatment may include surgical, interventional, or medical modalities and is targeted at resolving the inciting cause. 相似文献