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Epidemiology,clinical management,and outcomes of dogs involved in road traffic accidents in the United Kingdom (2009–2014) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Georgina L. Harris BVetMed David Brodbelt MA VetMED PhD DECVAA David Church BVSc PhD MACVSc Karen Humm MA VetMB DACVECC DECVECC Paul D. McGreevy BVSC PhD MACVSc Peter C. Thomson BSc MSc MAppStat PhD Dan O'Neill MVB BSc MSc PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2018,28(2):140-148
Objective
To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for road traffic accidents (RTA) in dogs and describe the management and outcome of these dogs attending primary‐care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom.Design
Retrospective cross‐sectional study.Setting
Primary‐care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom.Animals
The study population included 199,464 dogs attending 115 primary‐care clinics across the United Kingdom.Measurements and main results
Electronic patient records of dogs attending practices participating in the VetCompass Programme were assessed against selection criteria used to define RTA cases. Cases identified as RTAs were identified and manually verified to calculate prevalence. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to evaluate associations between risk factors and RTA. The prevalence of RTA was 0.41%. Of the RTA cases, 615 (74.9%) were purebred, 322 (39.2%) were female, and 285 (54.8%) were insured. The median age at RTA was 2.5 years. After accounting for the effects of other factors, younger dogs had increased odds of an RTA event: dogs aged under 3 years showed 2.9 times the odds and dogs aged between 6–9 years showed 1.8 times the odds of an RTA event compared with dogs aged over 14 years. Males had 1.4 times the odds of an RTA event compared with females. Overall, 22.9% of cases died from a cause associated with RTA. Of dogs with information available, 34.0% underwent diagnostic imaging, 29.4% received intravenous fluid‐therapy, 71.1% received pain relief, 46.0% were hospitalized, and 15.6% had surgery performed under general anesthetic.Conclusions
This study identified important demographic factors associated with RTA in dogs, notably being young and male.3.
Objectives
To report our experience with thoracoscopic lung lobectomy in dogs with primary lung tumors and compare the long‐term outcome between dogs with primary lung tumors treated with lobectomy via thoracoscopy or thoracotomy.Study Design
Retrospective case series; case–control study.Animals
Thirteen dogs with primary lung tumors treated with thoracoscopic lung lobectomy; case‐matched cohort of 9 dogs with primary lung tumors treated with lobectomy via thoracotomy.Methods
Medical records from dogs that underwent thoracoscopic lung lobectomy at a single institution were reviewed. Only cases with primary lung tumors were included. Surgical complications and conversion rate were reported. Cases without conversion and with clean margins on histologic examination were matched on prognostic criteria to cases with primary lung tumors treated with lobectomy via thoracotomy. Survival was compared between thoracoscopy and thoracotomy.Results
Thirteen dogs with primary lung tumors that measured 2.2–7 cm underwent thoracoscopic lung lobectomy. Nine dogs were diagnosed with carcinoma and 4 with histiocytic sarcoma. There were 3 conversions to open thoracotomy because of poor visualization. There were no differences in short‐term outcome between dogs that had their procedures completed via thoracoscopy and those that were converted to thoracotomy. Nine dogs with clean margins were matched with 9 dogs treated via thoracotomy. Mean (standard deviation) followup was 367 (327) days for dogs undergoing thoracoscopy and 603 (612) days for dogs undergoing thoracotomy. The 2‐year survival rate was 44% for thoracoscopy and 56% for thoracotomy (P = .942).Conclusion
Selected primary lung tumors in dogs can be safely resected with thoracoscopy and not affect long‐term outcome.4.
Idiopathic Canine Laryngeal Paralysis as One Sign of a Diffuse Polyneuropathy: An Observational Study of 90 Cases (2007–2013) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Lauren C. Bookbinder James Flanders Paul F. Bookbinder H. Jay Harvey Jay S. Barry Jon Cheetham 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(2):254-260
Objective
To determine survival and incidence of complications in dogs with idiopathic laryngeal paralysis (ILP) and concurrent neurologic signs.Study Design
Observational study.Animals
Dogs (n = 90) with ILP.Methods
Medical records (January 2007–June 2013) of dogs with ILP were reviewed. Neurologic comorbidities, including pelvic limb neurologic abnormalities and esophageal abnormalities were identified. Using medical record information and client interviews, the relationship between these comorbidities and postoperative survival (primary outcome measure) and postoperative complications (secondary outcome measure) was identified.Results
Dogs that had surgical correction of ILP had a 2.6‐fold reduction in the hazard of death throughout the study period (HR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.34–4.84, P = .006). Owner assessed patient quality of life (10‐point scale) increased by an average of 4.1 ± 1.4 units immediately postoperatively, and 4.9 ± 0.9 units until death or followup compared with preoperative values. Thirty‐five of 72 dogs available for followup had evidence of diffuse neurologic comorbidities. Overall complication rate for dogs with neurologic comorbidities was 74%, compared with 32% for dogs without neurologic comorbidities. Presence of any neurologic comorbidity was associated with a significantly greater odds of any complication (OR = 4.04; 95% CI: 1.25–13.90, P = .019) as well as recurring complications (OR = 8.00; 95% CI: 1.49–54.38; P = .015).Conclusion
Surgical correction of ILP was positively associated with survival, and dogs with neurologic comorbidities were at greater risk for developing postoperative complications.5.
Comparison of Single,Averaged, and Pooled Urine Protein:Creatinine Ratios in Proteinuric Dogs Undergoing Medical Treatment 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 S. Shropshire J. Quimby R. Cerda 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):288-294
Background
Monitoring urine protein:creatinine ratios (UPC ) in dogs with protein‐losing nephropathy (PLN ) is challenging because of day‐to‐day variation in UPC results.Hypothesis/Objectives
Determine whether single, averaged, or pooled samples from PLN dogs receiving medical treatment yield comparable UPC s, regardless of degree of proteinuria.Animals
Twenty‐five client‐owned PLN dogs receiving medical treatment.Methods
UPC ratios were prospectively measured in each dog utilizing 3 methods: single in‐hospital sample (day 3), average sample (days 1–3), and pooled sample (equal pooling of urine from days 1–3). Bland‐Altman analysis was performed to evaluate agreement between methods for all dogs, as well as in subgroups of dogs (UPC ≤4 or UPC >4).Results
For all dogs, Bland‐Altman log‐transformed 95% limits of agreement were ?0.07–0.18 (single versus pooled UPC ), ?0.06–0.16 (single versus average UPC ), and ?0.06–0.04 (pooled versus average UPC ). For dogs with UPC ≤4, Bland‐Altman 95% limits of agreement were ?0.42–0.82 (single versus pooled UPC ), ?0.38–0.76 (single versus average UPC ), and ?0.27–0.25 (pooled versus average UPC ). For dogs with UPC >4, Bland‐Altman 95% limits of agreement were ?0.17–2.4 (single versus pooled UPC ), ?0.40–2.2 (single versus average UPC ), and ?0.85–0.43 (pooled versus average UPC ).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
UPC ratios from all methods were comparable in PLN dogs receiving medical treatment. In PLN dogs with UPC >4, more variability between methods exists likely because of higher in‐hospital results, but whether this finding is clinically relevant is unknown.6.
Longitudinal Analysis of Quality of Life,Clinical, Radiographic,Echocardiographic, and Laboratory Variables in Dogs with Preclinical Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Receiving Pimobendan or Placebo: The EPIC Study 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A. Boswood S.G. Gordon J. Häggström G. Wess R.L. Stepien M.A. Oyama B.W. Keene J. Bonagura K.A. MacDonald M. Patteson S. Smith P.R. Fox K. Sanderson R. Woolley V. Szatmári P. Menaut W.M. Church M.L. O'Sullivan J.‐P. Jaudon J.‐G. Kresken J. Rush K.A. Barrett S.L. Rosenthal A.B. Saunders I. Ljungvall M. Deinert E. Bomassi A.H. Estrada M.J. Fernandez Del Palacio N.S. Moise J.A. Abbott Y. Fujii A. Spier M.W. Luethy R.A. Santilli M. Uechi A. Tidholm C. Schummer P. Watson 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):72-85
Background
Changes in clinical variables associated with the administration of pimobendan to dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD ) and cardiomegaly have not been described.Objectives
To investigate the effect of pimobendan on clinical variables and the relationship between a change in heart size and the time to congestive heart failure (CHF ) or cardiac‐related death (CRD ) in dogs with MMVD and cardiomegaly. To determine whether pimobendan‐treated dogs differ from dogs receiving placebo at onset of CHF .Animals
Three hundred and fifty‐four dogs with MMVD and cardiomegaly.Materials and Methods
Prospective, blinded study with dogs randomized (ratio 1:1) to pimobendan (0.4–0.6 mg/kg/d) or placebo. Clinical, laboratory, and heart‐size variables in both groups were measured and compared at different time points (day 35 and onset of CHF ) and over the study duration. Relationships between short‐term changes in echocardiographic variables and time to CHF or CRD were explored.Results
At day 35, heart size had reduced in the pimobendan group: median change in (Δ) LVIDDN ?0.06 (IQR : ?0.15 to +0.02), P < 0.0001, and LA :Ao ?0.08 (IQR : ?0.23 to +0.03), P < 0.0001. Reduction in heart size was associated with increased time to CHF or CRD . Hazard ratio for a 0.1 increase in ΔLVIDDN was 1.26, P = 0.0003. Hazard ratio for a 0.1 increase in ΔLA :Ao was 1.14, P = 0.0002. At onset of CHF , groups were similar.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Pimobendan treatment reduces heart size. Reduced heart size is associated with improved outcome. At the onset of CHF , dogs treated with pimobendan were indistinguishable from those receiving placebo.7.
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M. Fartashvand M.G. Nadalian M. Sakha S. Safi 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):194-199
Background
Theileria annulata is a blood parasite affecting ruminants. Hemolytic anemia, secondary hypoxia, and vasculitis are the most important features of tropical theileriosis.Objectives
Evaluation of electrocardiographic findings and changes in cardiovascular biochemical markers including cTnI concentrations in cattle naturally infected with theileriosis in the absence of acute cardiac failure.Animals
Ninety adult Holstein cattle (>1 year) with clinical and laboratory evidence of theileriosis and 30 healthy cattle served as controls.Methods
Case‐control study in which blood samples were collected and randomized after clinical, hematologic, parasitologic examination and laboratory confirmation and electrocardiographic recording on all animals, serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatine kinase‐MB (CK‐MB) were evaluated.Results
Serum concentration of cTnI was significantly higher in cattle with theileriosis (mean: 0.028 ng/mL; range: 0.005–0.21 ng/mL; control mean: 0.011; range: <0.005–0.09 ng/mL; P = .003). There was significant correlation between serum level of cTnI and PCV (r = ?0.257; P < .001) and also between cTnI and parasitemia (r = 0.515; P < .001). Mean serum activities of AST and CK‐MB were 107 ± 46 and 301 ± 103 U/L in sick animals, which were significantly higher than healthy cattle (P = .002 and P = .041, respectively). There were no pathologic arrhythmias detected in sick animals.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Theileriosis is a risk factor for elevation of cardiac biomarkers in naturally infected Holstein cattle. Severity of anemia and parasitemia might contribute to the pathophysiology of myocardial damage. The prognostic significance of increased serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in cattle with hemolytic anemia merits further investigation.9.
A. Tvarijonaviciute J.J. Ceron S.L. Holden V. Biourge P.J. Morris A.J. German 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):31-38
Background
Obesity is a common medical disorder in dogs, and can predispose to a number of diseases. Human obesity is a risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease.Objectives
To investigate the possible association of weight loss on plasma and renal biomarkers of kidney health.Animals
Thirty‐seven obese dogs that lost weight were included in the study.Methods
Prospective observational study. Three novel biomarkers of renal functional impairment, disease, or both (homocysteine, cystatin C, and clusterin), in addition to traditional markers of chronic renal failure (serum urea and creatinine, urine specific gravity [USG], urine protein‐creatinine ratio [UPCR], and urine albumin corrected by creatinine [UAC]) before and after weight loss in dogs with naturally occurring obesity were investigated.Results
Urea (P = .043) and USG (P = .012) were both greater after weight loss than before loss, whilst UPCR, UAC, and creatinine were less after weight loss (P = .032, P = .006, and P = .026, respectively). Homocysteine (P < .001), cystatin C (P < .001) and clusterin (P < .001) all decreased upon weight loss. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed associations between percentage weight loss (greater weight loss, more lean tissue loss; r = ?0.67, r2 = 0.45, P < .001) and before‐loss plasma clusterin concentration (greater clusterin, more lean tissue loss; r = 0.48, r2 = 0.23, P = .003).Conclusion and Clinical Importance
These results suggest possible subclinical alterations in renal function in canine obesity, which improve with weight loss. Further work is required to determine the nature of these alterations and, most notably, the reason for the association between before loss plasma clusterin and subsequent lean tissue loss during weight management.10.
A. Dudley J. Thomason S. Fritz J. Grady J. Stokes R. Wills L. Pinchuk A. Mackin K. Lunsford 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(1):141-149
Background
Low‐dose aspirin is used to prevent thromboembolic complications in dogs, but some animals are nonresponsive to the antiplatelet effects of aspirin (“aspirin resistance”).Hypothesis/Objectives
That low‐dose aspirin would inhibit platelet function, decrease thromboxane synthesis, and alter platelet cyclooxygenase (COX) expression.Animals
Twenty‐four healthy dogs.Methods
A repeated measures study. Platelet function (PFA‐100 closure time, collagen/epinephrine), platelet COX‐1 and COX‐2 expression, and urine 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane B2 (11‐dTXB2) were evaluated before and during aspirin administration (1 mg/kg Q24 hours PO, 10 days). Based on prolongation of closure times after aspirin administration, dogs were divided into categories according to aspirin responsiveness: responders, nonresponders, and inconsistent responders.Results
Low‐dose aspirin increased closure times significantly (62% by Day 10, P < .001), with an equal distribution among aspirin responsiveness categories, 8 dogs per group. Platelet COX‐1 mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) increased significantly during treatment, 13% on Day 3 (range, ?29.7–136.1%) (P = .047) and 72% on Day 10 (range, ?0.37–210%) (P < .001). Platelet COX‐2 MFI increased significantly by 34% (range, ?29.2–270%) on Day 3 (P = .003) and 74% (range, ?19.7–226%) on Day 10 (P < .001). Urinary 11‐dTXB2 concentrations significantly (P = .005, P < .001) decreased at both time points. There was no difference between aspirin responsiveness and either platelet COX expression or thromboxane production.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Low‐dose aspirin consistently inhibits platelet function in approximately one‐third of healthy dogs, despite decreased thromboxane synthesis and increased platelet COX expression in most dogs. COX isoform expression before treatment did not predict aspirin resistance.11.
Bimatoprost sustained‐release intracameral implant reduces episcleral venous pressure in dogs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Susan S. Lee James Burke Jie Shen Alexandra Almazan Werhner Orilla Patrick Hughes Jane Zhang Huajiang Li Craig Struble Paul E. Miller Michael R. Robinson 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2018,21(4):376-381
Objective
To determine the effect of a bimatoprost sustained‐release intracameral implant (Bimatoprost SR) on episcleral venous pressure (EVP) in normal dogs.Methods
Normotensive beagle dogs were randomized to receive Bimatoprost SR 30 μg (n = 7) or sham injection (needle insertion only, n = 7) in one eye on day 1. EVP was measured with an episcleral venomanometer through day 65. Episcleral aqueous outflow vessels were identified using fluorescence imaging following intracameral injection of indocyanine green in one additional animal. A separate cohort of dogs that had been trained for conscious intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements received Bimatoprost SR 30 μg (n = 8) in one eye; IOP was evaluated through day 66.Results
Baseline mean EVP was 10.0 mmHg in the Bimatoprost SR group and 10.4 mmHg in the sham group. Eyes treated with Bimatoprost SR exhibited a transient increase in mean EVP that peaked at day 8, followed by a decrease to levels below baseline. From day 29 to day 65, the change in mean EVP from baseline ranged from ?2.4 to ?3.9 mmHg (P < 0.05 vs. sham). Baseline mean IOP in eyes treated with Bimatoprost SR was 14.9 mmHg, and a steady IOP reduction was maintained through day 66. Bimatoprost SR‐treated eyes exhibited a selective, sustained dilation of aqueous outflow vessels that was not observed in sham‐treated eyes.Conclusions
In normal dogs, Bimatoprost SR was associated with a transient increase in EVP followed by a sustained decrease. Changes in EVP were accompanied by a sustained dilation of aqueous outflow vessels.12.
Daniela Klein-J?bstl Tim Arnholdt Franz Sturmlechner Michael Iwersen Marc Drillich 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)
Background
Calf disease may result in great economic losses. To implement prevention strategies it is important to gain information on management and to point out risk factors. The objective of this internet based survey was to describe calf management practices on registered dairy breeding farms in Austria and to estimate differences in calf disease incidences depending on farm structure and management practices.Results
A total of 1287 questionnaires were finally analysed (response rate 12.2 %). Herd characteristics and regional distribution of farms indicated that this survey gives a good overview on calf management practices on registered dairy farms in Austria. The median number of cows per farm was 20 (interquartile range 13–30). Significant differences regarding farm characteristics and calf management between small and large farms (≤20 vs >20 cows) were present. Only 2.8 % of farmers tested first colostrum quality by use of a hydrometer. Storing frozen colostrum was more prevalent on large farms (80.8 vs 64.2 %). On 85.1 % of the farms, whole milk, including waste milk, was fed to the calves. Milk replacer and waste milk were more often used on large farms. In accordance with similar studies from other countries, calf diarrhoea was indicated as the most prevalent disease. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that herd size was associated with calf diarrhoea and calf respiratory tract disease, with higher risk of disease on large farms. Furthermore, feeding waste milk to the calves was associated with increasing calf diarrhoea incidence on farm. In the final model with calf respiratory tract disease as outcome, respondents from organic farms reported less often a respiratory tract disease incidence of over 10 % compared with conventional farms [odds ratio (OR) 0.40, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.21–0.75] and farmers that housed calves individually or in groups after birth significantly reported more often to have an incidence of respiratory tract disease >10 % compared with farms where all calves were housed individually (OR 2.28, 95 % CI 1.16–4.48).Conclusion
The results obtained in this study provide an overview on calf management on dairy breeding farms in Austria and may help to further point out areas to be improved on farm.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-015-0134-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献13.
G.W. Smith M.L. Alley D.M. Foster F. Smith B.W. Wileman 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1602-1605
Background
Diarrhea because of Salmonella infection is a cause of neonatal calf diarrhea. The stimulation of passive immunity in the calf by vaccinating the dam for Salmonella has shown some success in previous studies; however, there are no data on the use of currently licensed vaccines in the United States.Objective
To determine whether vaccinating cows at dry‐off with a commercially available Salmonella bacterial extract would stimulate Salmonella‐specific antibodies in the colostrum of cows at calving and whether these antibodies would be transferred to the calf.Animals
Sixty Holstein cattle and 59 calves from a herd presumed to be naïve to Salmonella.Methods
Prospective clinical trial. Thirty cows were vaccinated at dry‐off with a Salmonella enterica serovar Newport bacterial extract and again 4 weeks later. An additional 30 cows received only saline. Calves fed fresh colostrum from their dam within 4 hours of birth had blood collected 24 hours later.Results
Vaccinated cattle had increased Salmonella Newport antibody titers at calving in blood (P = .01) and colostrum (P = .011). Calves that received colostrum from vaccinated cattle also had significant increase in Salmonella antibodies (1.04 ± 0.03) as compared to calves born to unvaccinated cows (0.30 ± 0.02).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The results indicate that the use of a commercially available Salmonella vaccine can stimulate antibodies that are passed on to the calf via colostral transfer. Further studies need to be done to determine whether these antibodies will offer protection against Salmonella challenge. 相似文献14.
Aideen E Kennedy Eugene F O’Doherty Noel Byrne Jim O’Mahony E M Kennedy Riona G Sayers 《Irish veterinary journal》2014,67(1)
Background
Johne’s disease (JD) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis affecting ruminants. A number of farm management practices are associated with increased risk of JD transmission. The aim of the current study was to document JD-related management practices currently employed on Irish dairy farms.Survey questions focused on calving area (CA), calf and manure management. Independent variables (region, calving-season, enterprise type, herd size and biosecurity status) were used to examine influences on JD associated dependent variables (survey questions). Additionally general biosecurity practices were also examined.Results
Results showed management practices implemented by Irish dairy farmers pose a high risk of JD transmission. Of the farmers surveyed, 97% used the CA for more than one calving, 73.5% and 87.8% pooled colostrum and milk respectively, 33.7% never cleaned the CA between calving’s, and 56.6% used the CA for isolating sick cows. Survey results also highlighted that larger herds were more likely to engage in high risk practices for JD transmission, such as pooling colostrum (OR 4.8) and overcrowding the CA (OR 7.8). Larger herds were also less likely than smaller herds to clean the CA (OR 0.28), a practice also considered of risk in the transmission of JD.Conclusion
Many management practices associated with risk of JD transmission were commonly applied on Irish dairy farms. Larger herds were more likely to engage in high risk practices for JD transmission. Control programmes should incorporate educational tools outlining the pathogenesis and transmission of JD to highlight the risks associated with implementing certain management practices with regard to JD transmission.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13620-014-0027-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献15.
S. Buczinski G. Forté D. Francoz A.‐M. Bélanger 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):234-242
Background
The diagnostic tools for bovine respiratory disease diagnosis include clinical inspection, thoracic auscultation, and ultrasonography.Hypothesis
Thoracic auscultation and clinical examination have limitations in the detection of lung consolidation in dairy calves.Animals
Prospective cohort of 106 preweaned calves from 13 different dairy herds (10 with a history of active bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in calves and 3 without suspected BRD problems).Methods
Each preweaned calf was clinically inspected using the Wisconsin calf respiratory scoring chart (CRSC) and treatment history was noted. Systematic thoracic auscultation and ultrasonography then were performed, the latter focusing on lung consolidation. Mortality was recorded over a 30‐day period.Results
A total of 56 of 106 calves had ultrasonographic evidence of lung consolidation. The sensitivity of thoracic auscultation to detect consolidation was 5.9% (range, 0–16.7%). Only 41.1% (23/33) of calves with consolidated lungs had been treated previously by the producers. When adding CRSC and previous BRD treatment by the producer, sensitivity of detection increased to 71.4% (40/56). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.809 (95% CI, 0.721–0.879) for the number of areas within the lungs with consolidation and 0.743 (95% CI, 0.648–0.823) for the maximal depth of consolidation as predictors of death within 1 month after examination. These were not significantly different (P = .06).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This study shows that thoracic auscultation is of limited value in diagnosing lung consolidation in calves. Ultrasonographic assessment of the thorax could be a useful tool to assess BRD detection efficiency on dairy farms. 相似文献16.
Anna Duse Karin Persson Waller Ulf Emanuelson Helle Ericsson Unnerstad Ylva Persson Bj?rn Bengtsson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):49
Background
Milk produced by cows in receipt of antimicrobial therapy may contain antimicrobial residues. Such antimicrobial-containing waste milk must be withdrawn from human consumption and is therefore sometimes used as calf feed. Unfortunately, this approach might promote selection of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the calves’ intestinal microbiota. The objectives of this study were therefore to obtain an overview of waste milk feeding practices on Swedish dairy farms and to investigate if these practices were associated with certain farm characteristics. A representative group of 457 Swedish dairy farmers participated in a web-based survey with questions about the use of colostrum and milk from cows treated with antimicrobials at dry off or during lactation, respectively, as calf feed.Results
Colostrum (milk from the first milking after calving) and transition milk (milk from the second milking to the fourth day after calving) from cows treated with antimicrobials at dry off was fed to calves on 89% and 85% of the farms in the study, respectively. When antimicrobial therapy was given to cows during lactation, 56% of the farms fed milk that was produced during the course of treatment to calves, whereas milk that was produced during the subsequent withdrawal period was fed to calves on 79% of the farms. Surveyed farmers were less prone to feed such milk if the antimicrobial therapy was due to mastitis than other infections. In Sweden, a majority of antimicrobial treatments during lactation are systemic administration of benzylpenicillin and thus, the bulk of waste milk in Sweden is likely to contain residues of this drug. Feeding waste milk to calves was more common on non-organic farms, and on farms located in Southern Sweden, and was less common on farms with cows housed in cold free stalls barns.Conclusions
Waste milk that may contain antimicrobial residues is, at least occasionally, used as feed for calves on a majority of surveyed Swedish dairy farms. Future work should focus on the effect of waste milk feeding on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the calves’ intestinal microbiota. 相似文献17.
Kerstin de Verdier Ann Nyman Christina Greko Bj?rn Bengtsson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):2
Background
In Sweden, knowledge about the role of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in neonatal calf diarrhea and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli from young calves is largely unknown. This has therapeutic concern and such knowledge is also required for prudent use of antimicrobials.Methods
In a case control study Esherichia coli isolated from faecal samples from dairy calves were phenotyped by biochemical fingerprinting and analyzed for virulence genes by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Farm management data were collected and Fisher''s exact test and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed.Results
Of 95 E. coli tested for antimicrobial susceptibility 61% were resistant to one or more substances and 28% were multi-resistant. The virulence gene F5 (K99) was not found in any isolate. In total, 21 out of 40 of the investigated virulence genes were not detected or rarely detected. The virulence genes espP, irp, and fyuA were more common in resistant E. coli than in fully susceptible isolates (P < 0.05). The virulence gene terZ was associated with calf diarrhea (P ≤ 0.01).The participating 85 herds had a median herd size of 80 lactating cows. Herds with calf diarrhea problems were larger (> 55 cows; P < 0.001), had higher calf mortality (P ≤ 0.01) and calf group feeders were more in use (P < 0.05), compared to herds without calf diarrhea problems.There was no association between calf diarrhea and diversity of enteric E. coli.Conclusions
Antimicrobial resistance was common in E. coli from pre-weaned dairy calves, occurring particularly in calves from herds experiencing calf diarrhea problems. The results indicate that more factors than use of antimicrobials influence the epidemiology of resistant E. coli.Enteropathogenic E. coli seems to be an uncommon cause of neonatal calf diarrhea in Swedish dairy herds. In practice, calf diarrhea should be regarded holistically in a context of infectious agents, calf immunity, management practices etc. We therefore advice against routine antimicrobial treatment and recommend that bacteriological cultures, followed by testing for antimicrobial susceptibility and for virulence factors, are used to guide decisions on such treatment. 相似文献18.
Evaluation of Digital and Optical Refractometers for Assessing Failure of Transfer of Passive Immunity in Dairy Calves 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 I. Elsohaby J.T. McClure G.P. Keefe 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):721-726
Background
Failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) is the underlying predisposing risk factor for most early losses in dairy calves. Refractometers, either optical or digital, can be used to assess FTPI as a part of calf health monitoring program on dairy operations.Objectives
To evaluate the performance of and differences between digital Brix and optical refractometers for assessing FTPI in dairy calves.Animals
Two hundred Holstein calves from 1 to 11 days of age.Methods
A cross‐sectional study was designed to measure serum IgG concentration by radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, digital Brix and optical refractometers. The correlation coefficients (r) between the 2 refractometers were plotted against each other and against the measured IgG concentration from RID. The Se, Sp, and accuracy of digital Brix and optical refractometers for assessing FTPI using previously recommended cut‐offs were calculated. A receiver operating characteristic curve was created and used to identify the optimal cut‐off for this dataset.Results
The RID IgG concentration was positively correlated with digital Brix (r = 0.79) and optical (r = 0.74) refractometers. The best combination of Se (85.5%), Sp (82.8%), and accuracy (83.5%) of digital Brix refractometer was at 8.3%Brix. For optical refractometer, the best combination of Se (80%), Sp (80.7%), and accuracy (80.5%) was at 5.5 g/dL.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Both refractometers exhibited utility in assessing FTPI in dairy calves. 相似文献19.
Effect of Orally Administered Cisapride,Bethanechol, and Erythromycin on the Apparent Efficiency of Colostral IgG Absorption in Neonatal Holstein‐Friesian Calves 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 S.M. Ghoreishi M. Nouri A. Rasooli M. Ghorbanpour M.R. Mokhber‐Dezfouli P.D. Constable 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):714-720
Objective
To evaluate the effect of orally administered cisapride, bethanechol, and erythromycin on the absorption of colostral IgG in dairy calves.Animals
Twenty‐four healthy neonatal Holstein‐Friesian calves.Procedures
Calves were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: 0.9% NaCl solution (2 mL, PO; negative control); erythromycin lactobionate (20 mg/kg BW, PO; anticipated to be a positive control); cisapride (0.5 mg/kg BW, PO); bethanechol chloride (0.5 mg/kg BW, PO). Calves were fed 3 L of pooled bovine colostrum containing acetaminophen (50 mg/kg) by suckling and oroesophageal intubation 30 minutes after each treatment was administered. Jugular venous blood samples were obtained periodically after the start of feeding and plasma total IgG, protein, acetaminophen, and glucose concentrations determined. Abomasal emptying rate was assessed by the time to maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration.Results
Oral administration of cisapride facilitated the absorption of colostral IgG and protein. The effect of cisapride on abomasal emptying rate could not be evaluated because cisapride appeared to interfere with acetaminophen metabolism. Based on the total IgG and total protein concentration‐time relationships, the beneficial effects of cisapride appeared to occur early after oral administration and were transient.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Additional studies appear indicated to characterize the effect of cisapride dose on the magnitude and duration of its effect on facilitating the absorption of colostral IgG and protein. Identification of a nonantimicrobial method for increasing abomasal emptying rate, such as cisapride, will potentially provide a practical and effective method for facilitating transfer of passive immunity in colostrum‐fed dairy calves. 相似文献20.
Respiratory Pathogens in Québec Dairy Calves and Their Relationship with Clinical Status,Lung Consolidation,and Average Daily Gain 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 D. Francoz S. Buczinski A.M. Bélanger G. Forté O. Labrecque D. Tremblay V. Wellemans J. Dubuc 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):381-387