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1.
Abhishek Pandey J. K. Srivastava N. S. Rajput R. Prasad 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2010,36(1):71-77
Now a days ANN has became an important tool in crop yield prediction and crop parameter estimation. But very few reported
work is available to estimate the crop parameters by using suitable ANN Training algorithms. In the present study the crop
parameters of interest are soil moisture, leaf area index and biomass were estimated using ground truth microwave scatterometer
data and ANN. Two training algorithms Levenberg-Marquardt (TRAINLM) and Scaled conjugate gradient training algorithm (TRAINSCG)
were used to estimate the crop parameters. The estimation of parameters with minimal error obtained with the test data confirms
the usefulness of our work. Training algorithm TRAINLM shows better result in comparison to TRAINSCG. This work suggests that
the ANN model with training function TRAINLM and transfer function PURELIN is a promising alternative to estimate the crop
parameters. The main advantage of ANN approach as estimator is that it has the potential for world wide coverage. 相似文献
2.
Abhishek Pandey R. Prasad J. K. Srivastava S. N. Pandey 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2012,38(3):230-233
Monitoring of soil moisture is very important to environmental studies, including hydrology, meteorology and their interactive fields. Today back propagation artificial neural networking is a well known and widely applied mathematical model for the remote sensing applications. For the soil moisture estimation an artificial neutral network (ANN) based algorithm is implemented and tested. The ANN model is calibrated (trained) and tested with the experimentally obtained data. The experimentally data is obtained by using X-band (9.5 GHz) scatterometer for different soil moistures viz. 10, 12, 18 and 22%. The measurement of the scattering coefficient was carried out over a range of incidence angle from 20° to 70° at the step of 5° for both the HH and VV polarization. Surface roughness (i.e. root mean square height) is taken constant as 0.5 cm for the whole experimentation. The performance of the ANN model is evaluated by the direct measured soil moisture and by the soil moisture estimated by the ANN model. Our work suggests that ANN modeling for such experimentation is a promising alternative for soil moisture estimation. The advantage of the ANN approach for soil moisture estimation is that it has potential for worldwide coverage. 相似文献
3.
Support vector machine (SVM) model is employed and tested for the soil surface roughness classification. SVM is calibrated (trained) and tested with the experimentally obtained data. The experimentally data is obtained by using X-band (9.5 GHz) scatterometer for two soil surface roughness 3.78 cm and 1.83 cm at constant soil surface moisture equal to 22.80%. The measurement of the scattering coefficient was carried out over a range of incidence angle from 20° to 70° at the step of 5° for both the HH and vv polarization. The performance of the SVM model is evaluated from the outcome classification result on trained data set and test data set. Radial Gaussian kernel function results 100% correct Classification and identification of soil surface roughness both in training and validation phase. SVM is a proficient technique for soil surface roughness classification by such experimentation and have numerous of advantages over artificial neural network (ANN) based approaches and other theoretical approaches as its less complexity and less time consumption ability. 相似文献
4.
Soil moisture is important for irrigation planning, as well as in forecast the risk of flash floods, or the occurrence of fog. Measurement of scattering coefficient σ0 of a bare soil was performed by changing the soil moisture content by using the X-band (9.5 GHz) scatter meter. These experiments were conducted over a range of incidence angle from 20° to 70° at step of 5° for both the vertical–vertical (VV) and horizontal–horizontal (HH) polarization. The emissivity is observed by measuring the reflectivity from the microwave system. Results show a good angular variation of emissitivity in both the polarization with soil moisture. An idea was developed by using incidence angles as a modulating factor for retrieving the soil moisture at X-band. 相似文献
5.
东北地区土壤湿度的诊断分析(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用EOF法分析了中国东北地区22年间(1981～2002年)平均土壤湿度(10～100cm层)的垂直分布特征及时空变化。结果表明我国东北地区土壤湿度的变化在小兴安岭至牡丹江这块区域以及松嫩平原的南侧这2块区域最为突出,深层土壤湿度受外界影响比表层弱,两者表现出反位相。1981～2002年这段时间内,东北地区表层(10～60cm)土壤湿度呈现下降趋势,而深层(60cm)以下呈现上升趋势,东北地区各年土壤湿度的垂直结构各有不同,降水是造成这一现象的可能因素之一。东北地区各个站点土壤湿度的垂直结构和变化特征也有很大区别,除了降水,积雪、地温等因素也会影响土壤湿度的变化。 相似文献
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陆面模型为区域农田土壤墒情监测提供了很好的途径,优化选择模型的网格尺度可以最有效地的利用空间输入信息,提高计算效率。本研究以海河平原内的1°×1°(115.5～116.5°(E),38～39°(N))为研究区,运用陆面模型CLM3.0分别在(1/120)～1°的14种不同网格尺度上对2003年3—5月的土壤墒情进行了独立模拟,分析在一定精度的空间输入数据条件下,陆面模型的网格尺度在该区域春季土壤墒情模拟中的优化取值。研究表明,结合模型输入数据的空间分辨率选择合适的网格尺度,可有效地减少计算机浮点计算取舍引起的误差;网格的无限精细并不能提高模拟效果,需要依据土壤砂粒百分含量数据的精度、变程及模拟目的优化选择陆面模型的网格尺度。当仅需要获得区域的土壤墒情平均值时,网格尺度的优化取值在土壤砂粒百分含量数据变程的1.4倍附近;当需要获得区域的土壤墒情空间变异特征时,网格尺度的优化取值在土壤砂粒百分含量数据变程的28%附近;当需要获得区域的土壤墒情空间变异特征及极大值时,网格尺度的优化取值在土壤砂粒百分含量数据变程的19%附近;当需要获得区域的土壤墒情的所有空间统计特征时,网格尺度的优化取值在土壤砂粒百分含量数据的空间最小尺度附近。 相似文献
8.
本文以四子王地区不同带间距柠条灌草复合模式为研究对象,对林地土壤水分的垂直和水平变化特征进行研究,结果表明:不同带间距林地土壤水分的垂直和水平变化特征均存在着很大差异。在水平方向上,16m带间距的土壤水分变化比较平缓;在垂直方向上,5m、10m带间距的大气降水补给并不能满足植物生长对水分的需求,需要消耗深层土壤水分满足植物的生长,而16m带间距由于大气降水的补给,土壤含水量能够满足植物生长的需要。 相似文献
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研究荒漠绿洲过渡带土壤水分空间特征,有利于提高干旱区水资源利用率和植被恢复。连续对黑河中游荒漠绿洲过渡带6个典型群落类型样地的地表0～120 cm深度剖面的土壤水分分布进行调查,采用烘干法分析并结合18个调查样方进行土壤含水量的空间分布特征研究,揭示荒漠植被土壤水分分布特征。结果表明,1)土壤水分的变异性随着深度的增加而减小,表层土层含水量空间变异性表现为强变异,说明土壤水分不稳定,深层土壤空间变异性变现为弱变异性,说明土壤水分较稳定。2)垂直分布上,每个样地各土层的土壤含水量均随土壤深度增加呈上升—降低—上升的总体趋势,各样地土壤含水量均是表层低,深层高。3)水平空间上,土壤含水量变化范围在0.09%～22.34%,土壤含水量的均值依次为深层(60～120 cm)>上层(0～40 cm)>中层(40～60 cm),总体来看,黑河中游荒漠绿洲过渡带各层土壤含水量均处于较低水平。4)干沙层土壤含水量最低,上覆沙土土壤含水量很少且随着深度的增加而增加,下浮沙土受地下水毛管作用和蒸腾作用影响水分含量较高且随土壤深度的增加而增加。研究结果为深入理解荒漠绿洲过渡带固沙植被的天然分布提... 相似文献
11.
在人工模拟降雨条件下,采用接触式测针糙度仪量测法,分析了土壤质地、土壤容重和土壤含水量对地表糙度变化的影响。结果表明,在1.0mm/min雨强下,随土壤物理性粘粒含量的增加,地表糙度变化呈增大的趋势;随土壤容重的增加,地表糙度的变化总体上呈减小的趋势,且当土壤容重相同时,直线坡面和耙耱地坡面地表的糙度变化均高于人工锄耕和等高耕作坡面;随土壤含水量的增加,地表糙度的变化总体上也呈减小的趋势,且在土壤含水量相同时,直线坡面地表的糙度变化较其他处理高。并在此基础上,就上述因子相互作用对地表糙度变化的影响进行了量化分析,表明土壤含水量和土壤容重与地表的糙度变化呈负相关,而土壤孔隙度与地表糙度变化呈正相关。 相似文献
12.
新疆棉田膜下滴灌方式下土壤水分运移变化规律研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为探讨新疆棉田膜下滴灌方式下土壤水分运移的规律,在棉花不同生育期,采用烘干法,从水平方向和垂直方向上测定棉田土壤水分含量.结果表明,棉花不同生育期垂直方向上土壤含水量的变化随着土层深度的增加均呈增大的趋势;水平方向上土壤含水量的变化,除在0～35 cm各土层之间变化外,35～95 cm各土层之间基本上无明显波动变化;不同土层土壤含水量的变化随棉花生育进程,呈由苗期增长至盛花期后、下降至盛铃期又上升至吐絮期的规律,不同土层土壤含水量基本上呈直线增长的变化趋势. 相似文献
13.
滴灌条件下土壤水分运移动态研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对滴灌条件下土壤湿润体、水分分布等观测研究,结果表明:滴灌条件下水分以点源入渗土壤,水平和垂向的湿润锋均随入渗时间的增加而逐渐变大,在入渗开始阶段湿润锋的推进速率较大,随入渗时间的延长,湿润锋的推进速率逐渐变慢。粘质土娄土,在滴灌速率为2.67L/h时,湿润锋径向移动速率远大于垂向移动速率,前者是后者的1.22倍。比较不同模型拟合的滴灌条件下土壤湿润锋的动态变化,多项式模型的拟合程度较好;同时建立土壤湿润体水分含量(Y)与径向距离(L)、垂向距离(H)、实验时间(T)之间的经验关系式。 相似文献
14.
陕西中北部农田地表粉尘释放影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究陕西中北部地区农田地表粉尘释放特征,选取裸露农田进行野外观测,探讨土壤表土含水量、摩阻风速、土壤类型和地表粗糙度等对农田地表粉尘释放的影响。结果表明,在无植被覆盖、摩阻风速一定的情况下,不同土壤类型的地表粉尘释放通量是不同的;土壤类型相同,体积含水量在0.5%~1.5%时,粗糙度与地表粉尘释放通量呈幂函数关系,是影响地表粉尘释放的决定性因素;在土壤含水量较小时,土壤表土含水量与地表粉尘释放通量呈线性关系;在土壤表土含水量变化不大,土壤类型相同时,摩阻风速与地表粉尘释放通量呈4次幂函数关系。陕西中北部地区农田地表粉尘释放通量的影响因素包括土壤类型、土壤表土含水量、地表粗糙度和摩阻风速等。 相似文献
15.
为研究硝态氮在宁夏黄灌区灌於土中的基本运移规律,采用水平土柱进行硝态氮水平运移规律研究,并采用自制垂直土柱完成了硝态氮垂直运移规律研究.硝态氮水平运移规律研究表明:硝态氮运移与水分湿润峰迁移具有很好的一致性,随着硝态氮运移距离的增加,硝态氮浓度升高,并在湿润峰处累积;硝态氮浓度随含水量的增加而减少,并呈幂函数关系;硝态... 相似文献
16.
滴灌对枣园土壤水分运移和红枣叶片的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]通过定位试验,研究大田滴灌条件下枣园土壤水分的分布特征.[方法]土壤剖面水分在土壤中的迁移规律,不同覆盖方式对灰枣果园土壤湿度及枣树叶片水分含量的影响.[结果]在一定灌水量和滴灌流量条件下,土壤垂直湿润峰明显大于水平湿润峰,且随着灌水量的增加呈线性关系,水平湿润峰随时间的变化呈显著的二项式函数关系.上午叶片含水量高于下午,但差异未达到显著性水平.覆盖草帘较覆盖地膜处理土壤水分含量高,变化幅度小.[结论]在综合调控土壤水分分布特征时,必须考虑滴灌技术参数对土壤水分分布的影响. 相似文献
17.
赵刚 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2014,(1):66-71
在野外实测资料的基础上,利用HYDRUS-2D模型对作物生育期耕地与盐荒地间土壤水盐的迁移进行了模拟和分析。结果表明,在强蒸发作用下,盐分在表层土壤中积聚,20、40、70 cm土层分别上升了67.23%、62.37%、37.2%。经检验,HYDRUS-2D模型对土壤含水率和含盐率运移的模拟具有较高精度,反映出盐分积聚和水分运移规律。 相似文献
18.
为了研究林下可燃物含水率的空间异质性状况,在东北林业大学老爷岭生态站附近对落叶松林下地表可燃物按试验地的坡位分3个方向进行取样。其中:沿坡上至坡下定为垂直方向,与之垂直的方向定为水平方向,垂直方向和水平方向的夹角平分线方向定为斜向。对每个方向凋落物层和腐殖质层分层取样,并计算含水率,利用常规统计和地统计学中的半方差分析处理数据。研究结果表明,可燃物含水率相对变异较大的是斜向样带,变异系数为0.46。除水平方向的凋落物层可燃物外,其他样带可燃物含水率都有明显的空间相关性,斜向凋落物层基台值最大(1.632),总体上看,凋落物层可燃物含水率的异质性程度比腐殖质层高。可燃物含水率在3个方向半方差与距离相关性高,具有明显的各向异性。其中,凋落物层各向异性十分明显,腐殖质层各向异性变异复杂近不明显。通过模拟取样估测样地总体含水率,结果表明:控制取样间隔距离可以提高取样精度,在取样间隔距离为2～8 m、取样强度在7个以上时,标准误差已经减少至10%以下;随机取样需要更大的取样强度且误差较大,不具优越性。 相似文献
19.
Estimation of vertical distribution of chlorophyll concentration by bi-directional canopy reflectance spectra in winter wheat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wenjiang Huang Zhijie Wang Linsheng Huang David W. Lamb Zhihong Ma Jincheng Zhang Jihua Wang Chunjiang Zhao 《Precision Agriculture》2011,12(2):165-178
An effective technique to measure foliage chlorophyll concentration (Chl) at a large scale and within a short time could be
a powerful tool to determine fertilization amount for crop management. The objective of this study was to investigate the
inversion of foliage Chl vertical-layer distribution by bi-directional reflectance difference function (BRDF) data, so as
to provide a theoretical basis for monitoring the growth and development of winter wheat and for providing guidance on the
application of fertilizer. Remote sensing could provide a powerful tool for large-area estimation of Chl. Because of the vertical
distribution of leaves in a wheat stem, Chl vertical distribution characteristics show an obvious decreasing trend from the
top of the canopy to the ground surface. The ratio of transformed chlorophyll absorption reflectance index (TCARI) to optimized
soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI) was called the canopy chlorophyll inversion index (CCII) in this study. The value of
CCII at nadir, ±20 and ±30°, at nadir, ±30 and ±40°, and at nadir, ±50 and ±60° view angles were selected and assembled as
bottom-layer Chl inversion index (BLCI), middle-layer Chl inversion index (MLCI), and upper-layer Chl inversion index (ULCI),
respectively, for the inversion of Chl at the vertical bottom layer, middle layer, and upper layer. The root mean squared
error (RMSE) between BLCI-, MLCI-, and ULCI-derived and laboratory-measured Chl were 0.7841, 0.9426, and 1.7398, respectively.
The vertical foliage Chl inversion could be used to monitor the crop growth status and to guide fertilizer and irrigation
management. The results suggested that vegetation indices derived from bi-directional reflectance spectra (e.g., BLCI, ULCI,
and MLCI) were satisfactory for inversion of the Chl vertical distribution. 相似文献
20.
通过使用集合Kalman滤波,建立基于不同离散化方法的同化土壤湿度的理想试验。通过设置不同的初始状态,以集合预报的形式建立了openloop和模拟的理想＂真值＂,并将来自不同离散化方法得到的理想＂真值＂集合生成多模型集合预报的理想＂真值＂。分别使用单个的离散化方法同化来自各自理想＂真值＂和多模型集合预报的理想＂真值＂,来检验通过同化表层土壤湿度后对整个湿度廓线的改进能力。结果表明,由于不同的离散化方法建立的土壤层之间的相关性不同,不同的离散化方法通过同化表层土壤湿度后土壤湿度廓线均有改进,但是改进的效率不同;当使用多模型的集合预报时,能够更有效地吸收观测,比任何单个模型的同化效果都要好。 相似文献