共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
民勤沙地樟子松温室育苗快繁节水技术探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探索民勤沙地樟子松温室快速繁育、节水育苗技术,以及沙地樟子松露天育苗与温室育苗的区别,对民勤沙地樟子松温室快繁节水育苗技术进行研究。结果表明：（1）温室育苗在出苗率和繁育周期上占有绝对优势,且受季节限制,1年内（春/夏/秋/冬）均可以播种,平均出苗率达到82.56%以上;（2）温室育苗对樟子松高生长和地径生长较露天育苗更有利;（3）樟子松温室育苗土壤含水率明显较露天育苗高,高4.79%。127天的耗水量为119.51 mm,耗水强度为0.94 mm/d,耗水量在接近一半的时间段内仅占总耗水量的1/3;129天的露天阶段耗水量为208.59 mm,耗水强度为1.62 mm/d,在近一半的时段内耗水量约占全部耗水量的2/3。民勤沙地水资源极度匮乏,研究樟子松在温室育苗条件下的耗水规律,提高樟子松育苗管理水平,培育高质量,高适应性的苗木,对合理科学的利用有限的水资源意义重大。 相似文献
2.
对中亚食品研发中心(有限公司)车间节能减排措施进行统计分析。统计结果显示,喷淋杀菌机冷却水的循环利用使工厂生产节约水160 m3/班次,直接节约经费355.2元/班次;蔬菜罐头的清洗浸泡用水工艺经改良后,现在可以浸泡黄瓜7~8 t/m3;车间安装高压杀菌锅后,天然气的使用量由2 000 m3/d降至200 m3/d,直接节约2 754元/d;车间照明节能系统的整改大大降低了工厂的用电量;环保节能包装材料EVOH的应用降低了生产运输成本,又符合环保卫生。中亚食品企业车间节能减排措施显著提高企业系统能效。 相似文献
3.
4.
Mulching Improves Water Productivity,Yield and Quality of Fine Rice under Water‐saving Rice Production Systems 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 K. Jabran E. Ullah M. Hussain M. Farooq U. Zaman M. Yaseen B. S. Chauhan 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(5):389-400
Water‐saving rice production systems are inevitable in the wake of severe water shortage in rice‐growing regions of the world. Mulches can improve water productivity, yield and quality of rice through increase in water retention. Studies were conducted for two consecutive years to assess the potential role of mulches (plastic and straw) in improving the performance of water‐saving rice production systems in comparison with no mulch used and conventionally irrigated transplanted rice. Water‐saving rice production systems in this study comprise aerobic rice and transplanted rice with intermittent irrigation. These systems saved water (18–27 %) with improved water productivity more than the conventional system. However, these systems caused a yield penalty of 22–37 %; nevertheless, these yield losses were compensated with the application of mulches under water‐saving rice production systems. Both plastic and straw mulches were helpful in improving moisture retention and water productivity (0.18–0.25 kg grain m?3 water) relative to non‐mulch treatments (0.19–0.29 kg grain m?3 water). Mulch application was also helpful in reducing the number of non‐productive tillers and sterile spikelets, and improving the productive tillers, kernel number and size, and kernel quality. Plastic mulch was more effective than straw mulch in improving water retention, water productivity and reducing spikelet sterility. In conclusion, the mulching improved the soil moisture retention, and thus enhanced the rice water productivity, spikelet fertility, paddy yield and quality of rice. This signifies the importance of mulching in water‐saving rice production systems. 相似文献
5.
The authors intraluce exhibition centre air conditioning system survey of shenzhen high_new technique science_technology achievement trade fair and application standards performans of inverter controlled centrifugal water chiller, and analyse energy saving principle of inverter controlled water chiller. The authors also discusses inverter governor basic structure consist of rectification mould plate, IGBT mould plate, Vexamine devices, drives mould plate, CPU minute handle implement et al,and controlled principle, controlled process, controlled paris, VSD work principles figure.The performances of VSD centrifugal water chiller especially on energy saving and part load are studied,and the conclusion is given that this VSD centrifugal water chiller can save energy at 33% while theload is 80%, and that the other performances are superior to the normal centrifugal water chiller. 相似文献
6.
7.
交替隔沟灌溉对春播高粱光合特性及其水分利用的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为寻求高粱节水灌溉技术,提高灌水利用率,此试验运用了随机区组设计法,对高粱的灌溉进行了沟灌在不同灌水量下采用交替灌隔沟灌溉法与传统方式--漫灌的比较研究。结果表明,采用交替隔沟灌溉在灌水量达到75 mm时,气孔导度、蒸腾速率、净光合速率等光合指标同灌水量为135 mm的漫灌相比,差异不显著,产量相当。交替隔沟灌溉可提高水分利用效率11.94%,减少棵间蒸发量32.49%,灌溉水节水率可达44.44%,在满足植株蒸腾需求的条件下,具有显著的节水效应。对高粱进行沟灌,采用交替隔沟灌溉的方式,在产量相当的情况下,具有显著的节水效应。 相似文献
8.
农业节水灌溉经济效益的分析和计算 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
干旱缺水是制约农业生产发展的主要因素之一,而农业节水灌溉就是用尽可能少的水投入,取得尽可能多农作物产品的一种农业高效用水模式;对农业节水灌溉经济效益的分析和计算从理论上进行了系统的阐述,供相关人员参考。新疆生产建设兵团各垦区是荒漠、半荒漠人工垦荒绿洲灌溉农业区,缺水问题尤显突出。要使垦区农业经济健康持续稳定的发展,必须发展节水农业,提高灌溉水的利用率,提高单方水的生产效率,节水扩灌,改善农业生产技术措施,提高粮、棉、果、牧的产量和品质;只有通过农业节水才能满足“生态维护用水”的需求,防止生态脆弱区生存环境的进一步恶化,降低各种自然灾害（大风、沙尘暴、浮尘等）发生的频率,减少农田沙化的进度。 相似文献
9.
冬小麦垄作交替隔沟灌溉的研究现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
垄作在作物基部培土,能促进根系生长,提高抗倒伏能力。垄作交替隔沟灌溉栽培技术因具有提高水肥利用效率,增加光能截获量,抑制病害危害等优势被广泛运用于水稻、玉米、大豆、棉花等农作物生产过程中。在综述了大量理论的基础上,筛选出冬小麦合理的高产节水垄作灌溉模式,探讨垄作冬小麦交替沟灌的增产调优节水效应及其机理,研究在其与玉米连作的农田周年耗水特性及其节水机制等未来探索方向,并对其今后的研究进行展望。垄作的目标是实现适宜作物生长的土壤条件,高效节水,提高作物产量。小麦垄作措施是一种结合秸秆免耕和传统耕作方式的可持续性的栽培技术。研究出适合河南省北部地区两年三作的长期农业地区的小麦-玉米垄作栽培技术。 相似文献
10.
We introduce the original design and detail the process by which the waste water of a coal mine was treated. The original design is improved, based on the geographic location of the treatment station. The revised design reduces the capital inves 相似文献
11.
本文主要阐述了地下滴灌技术在北方某高尔夫球场草坪灌溉中的应用实践。研究表明地下滴灌系统运行正常,无堵塞现象,具有良好的节水效应,能满足草坪的正常生长和球场的日常作业,节省成本,提高劳动效率。滴头间距设置为30cm,毛管间距设置为40cm,埋设深度设置为15cm是一个良好的设计组合。 相似文献
12.
Energy consumption of water intake is one of the key factors for energy saving in the application of the open loop surface water heat pump system. An energy efficiency ratio coupling model for open loop surface water source heat pump systems was established on the basis of the energy consumption model for the water intake and the heat pump units. According to energy saving rate and regulation of energy consumption of water intake, dynamic temperature limits of water intake in different water supply temperature of cooling tower and different pump head were proposed so as to find a calculation method of temperature limits of water intake of open loop surface water heat pumps. Moreover, the energy saving rate of surface water source heat pump systems compared with traditional air conditioning systems under various condition was also calculated. 相似文献
13.
The effect inter‐row polyethylene mulch on the water use efficiency and crop productivity of furrow‐ and drip‐irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) was evaluated in a field study. In contrast to the traditional ‘on ridge’ mulching, the inter‐row polyethylene mulch was placed in such a way that it could be easily removed for reuse since the row of plants itself was not covered but the furrows were completely covered. Irrigation needs were computed by multiplying the cumulative Class A Pan evaporation between irrigations by a crop coefficient that changed through the growing season. Our results indicate that inter‐row mulching induced earliness under both irrigation treatments. Seventy five percent of canopy density was attained in the mulched treatments contrasting with 45–61 % in the non‐mulched treatments at 34 days after sowing. Throughout the growing period, shoot biomass was significantly higher for the mulched treatments that had as well higher root biomasses. The overall estimated evaporative losses from the non‐mulched treatments were between 37 % and 39 % of the total water applied. The whole gross canopy water use efficiency in the furrow and drip mulched treatments was 64 % and 45 % higher than in the respective non‐mulched treatments. These results indicate that inter‐row polyethylene mulch is an efficient technique by which soil evaporation is reduced and plant productivity increased. 相似文献
14.
针对北方井灌区种粮农民投入高收益低的问题,在工程节水的前提下,采取农艺节水技术,以大田实测资料为依据,分析了小麦6个品种在特旱低温灾害年型的生理生态耗水特性和产量性状及节水高效栽培组合模式.试验表明1.63hm2示范田平均浇3.5次水,产量8253.75kg,水分生产率为2.988kg/m3,产出投入比4.11:1,比对照田成本减少11.14%,增产28.35%,耗水量下降23.85%,水分生产率提高69.77%,产投比是对照田的2.96倍,纯收入是对照田的5.86倍,实现了农业增产,农民增收和农村经济走上可持续发展的致富道路. 相似文献
15.
玉米茎流速率及耗水量研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
摘要：本文采用植物热平衡茎流（Sap Flow System）计,对沙漠绿洲边缘沙地种植的主要农作物玉米整株茎流速率的日变化、季节变化规律及耗水量进行了测试,结果得出：玉米径流速率日变化呈现出单峰曲线峰值为14:00时为69.7303 gm/hr。玉米在全生育期的径流速率最高值出现在7月份（平均值）为68.71 gm/hr。以玉米密度为67500株/ hm2计算茎流耗水量,在生长季节中玉米茎流速率高峰时期的6、7、8三个月蒸腾所需生理用水量为6478.2 m3/hm2。5月和9月共用水160m3,全生育期需水量8878.2 m3/hm2,比同样条件下种植药用黄芪植物多用水量4678.2 m3/hm2。另外玉米茎流速率与环境因子中的光量子密度(PFD)、大气温度（Tair）、相对湿度（RH）、水汽压亏缺（VPD）等有着及其密切的相关关系,经回归分析得出了玉米与其影响因子之间的回归方程,为沙漠绿洲边缘种植农作物玉米合理用水方案确定提供了理论依据。 相似文献
16.
This paper describes the familiar ways for the energy saving of the municipal water-supply systems and the basic methodologies for the optimal pump operations. A recommendation of the most-used nonlinear programming and the lately developed genetic algorithm of the water distribution systems is also provided. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach are presented,along with the comment of the corresponding applications.At the last part of this paper, the author puts forward his suggestions, at the basis of the summary and conclusion of energy saving and optimization of the municipal water-supply systems.Through this paper, the author hopes to review the state of existing ways and methodologies of the water-supply systems,and to recognize the future work that for us to do. 相似文献
17.
为了因地制宜地发展控制灌溉,减少不合理的栽培措施对产量的损失,选定适宜的作物播种期是十分必要的。本研究基于昆山地区控制灌溉水稻田间实测数据对ORYZA v3模型进行校正和检验,进而模拟昆山地区1971—2010年(40年)不同气候条件下控灌水稻的生长情况,根据模型输出的DVS值,分析不同可播期水稻生育期长度、产量等相关因素,最终确定该地区控灌水稻的适宜播种期。模型校正和检验的RMSEn值在9%~26%之间,决定系数R2在0.85~0.99之间,模型具有良好的适用性。根据DVS值,确定多年控制灌溉水稻最早和最晚可播期为3月28日和6月13日,以最高产量为目标选定播种日期为5月23日至6月13日。推荐5月23日至6月3日为苏南地区控制灌溉水稻的适宜播种期。 相似文献
18.
为研究直插式根灌条件下的土壤水分分布和根灌节水效率,在民勤荒漠区3种立地类型进行根灌和滴灌试验比较。结果表明:(1)生态林渗水性比较好,沙生植物次之,最小的是枣树试验区;(2)随着土壤深度的加深,阴阳离子浓度也不平衡,所以当土壤深度在0~60 cm时,土壤呈碱性,而当土壤深度在60~120 cm时,土壤偏酸性;(3)根灌与滴灌的土壤水分入渗率相比较,根灌更有利于提高土壤含水率;(4)试验地直插式根灌比地表滴灌节水效率高。综上所述,根灌的节水效应比滴灌高,所以在民勤干旱荒漠区可以采用根灌供水,同时也为荒漠地区的节水灌溉提供了新的思路。 相似文献
19.
节水灌溉条件下施肥与密度对双季晚稻‘丰源优299’产量和稻米品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验采用裂区设计对节水灌溉条件下不同施氮量和栽植密度对双季晚稻‘丰源优299’的产量和品质的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,稻米垩白粒率、垩白度和蛋白质含量分别增加8.5%~20.0%、0.8%~1.8%、7.0%~43.4%,胶稠度、直链淀粉含量分别降低5.8%~20.3%、3.7%~6.6%。随着栽植密度的增加,碾米品质和稻米蛋白质含量先增加后降低,垩白粒率、胶稠度及稻米直链淀粉含量有减少的趋势,而垩白度有增加的趋势。施氮量为135 kg/hm2,密度为30万穴/hm2时,增产1.0%~34.7%,为最优的施肥与栽植密度组合。 相似文献
20.
为研究不同灌溉方式对直播稻产量和品质的影响。以3个水稻品种为试验材料,在大田旱直播栽培模式下,设置常规灌溉和节水灌溉2种灌溉方式,分析测定直播稻的叶片光合、稻谷产量和品质等指标。结果表明,相对于常规灌溉,节水灌溉处理剑叶叶绿素含量和叶片含水率分别下降3.66%和4.37%,灌浆中后期剑叶光合速率和水稻产量分别提高5.78%和5.69%。对稻米品质的影响因不同品种表现不同,对于‘新稻567’和‘新稻568’两品种,节水灌溉处理稻米加工和食味品质分别下降了6.21%和3.84%,垩白粒率和垩白度分别增加了18.9%和5.37%;对于‘新科稻31’,节水灌溉处理稻米的加工品质提高了3.4%,垩白粒率和垩白度分别下降了19.59%和27.84%。相关分析表明,叶片含水率与光合速率呈正相关,产量和品质与光合速率的关系因不同灌浆时段而异。提高灌浆中后期光合速率,可以提高水稻产量和稻米的加工品质,但稻米外观和食味品质有所下降。综上表明,通过节水灌溉可以提高水稻产量,但在米质调控上因品种而异。因种设定不同的土壤水势灌溉标准,对发展节水型直播稻生产和提高稻田水分利用效率具有重要意义。 相似文献