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1.
ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of strains of Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizobium tropici on the shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW) yield, N uptake and nutritive value of ‘Mavuno’ grass inoculated with plant growth-promoting bacteria. We evaluated the effects of inoculation with the Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 strains of Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens or co-inoculation with Rhizobium tropici and Ab-V6, with and without nitrogen (N) application, as well as re-inoculations. The growth promoting bacteria + N promoted increases in SDW and RDW yield, tillers dry weight, relative chlorophyll index and N uptake. There were no effects of re-inoculation by Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizobium tropici on nutrition, nutritive value and SDW and RDW yield, demonstrating that this technique still needs further studies with ‘Mavuno’ grass in the form and the correct period to be performed.  相似文献   

2.
通过原位杂交从巴西固氮螺菌（Azospirillum brasilense)Yu62的基因组文库中获得glnZ基因的阳性克隆，对该阳性克隆进行亚克隆和序列分析，结果表明glnZ基因位于3.7kb的SaLI片段上，glnZ基因编码区长336bp，编码的产物是Pz蛋白，由112个氨基酸组成，分子量为1.12kD。用Blastax软件对Pz蛋白的氨基酸序列在GenBank数据库中进行同源比较，结果表明Pz蛋白与其它几种固氮菌及大肠杆菌的GlnK蛋白的同源性（identities）达66％以上；与PⅡ蛋白的同源性达64％以上。glnZ基因上游是部分ubiH-like基因，与E.coli ubjH基因（编码辅酶Q，ubiquinone)N－端有31％的同源性（identity）和50％相似性（similarity)；glnZ基因下游是aat-like基因，与E.coli和Bacillus subtilis aat基因（编码天冬氨酸氨基转移酶，aspartate aminotransferase)有同源性和相似性都为26％和42％；aat-like基因下游是部分ftsK-like基因，与E.coli ftsK基因（编码肽聚糖，peptidoglycan)N-端有42％同源性和56％相似性，这几个基因在GenBank中的登录呈是AF279917。  相似文献   

3.
陆玉芳  周影茹  施卫明 《土壤》2014,46(6):1097-1102
本研究对太湖地区高效除氮紫背浮萍Spirodela polyrrhiza(HZ1)和低效除氮青萍Lemna minor(WX3)的根系分泌物进行了连续收集和分离,并考察了根系分泌物剂量与成分对反硝化细菌荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens脱氮效率的影响。结果发现,两种浮萍根系分泌物总组分均能显著促进P.fluorescens的脱氮效率,但对P.fluorescens的生长无影响。HZ1根系分泌物总组分(HO)促进作用显著高于WX3根系分泌物总组分(WO),这与HZ1对水体的除氮效率高于WX3的结果一致。两种浮萍根系分泌物各组分也有不同的效果,其中仅WX3根系分泌物酸性组分(WA)显著抑制了P.fluorescens的脱氮效率,HZ1根系分泌物不同组分是促进或无作用。总体上,P.fluorescens的脱氮效率随浮萍根系分泌物及其各组分添加剂量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,而WA组分先下降后基本不变,各组分在剂量为1.0%(v/v)时起最大效果。总之,根系分泌物与浮萍–微生物耦合系统的除氮效率密切相关,酸性组分是两种浮萍根系分泌物促进P.fluorescens脱氮效果差异的主要原因。  相似文献   

4.
促生荧光假单胞菌对桃树根区土壤环境和植株生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
【目的】探究荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)的促生特性及其对桃树根区土壤环境和桃树生长的影响,明确荧光假单胞菌在桃树根系–土壤微生态系统中的作用机制,为荧光假单胞菌在桃园的应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用不同固体培养及液体发酵试验鉴定荧光假单胞菌的促生特性。以1年生盆栽毛桃[Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]实生苗为试材进行预备试验,确定了荧光假单胞菌悬液的适宜施用浓度为4×108 CFU/mL。以2年生‘瑞光39/毛桃’[P. persica (L.) Batsch]嫁接苗为试材进行盆栽试验,试验设土施荧光假单胞菌悬液(4×108 CFU/mL)(PF)和清水对照(CK) 2个处理,在处理后1、2、4、6周,采集桃树根区土壤样品,测定荧光假单胞菌数量;在处理后40天采集根区土壤样品测定土壤微生物结构、酶活性、养分状况和pH。在处理后20、40天取植株样进行光合指标、生物量、根系生长发育的测定。【结果】1)荧光假单胞菌具有以下促生特性：吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)产量为6.17 mg/L,溶无机磷和...  相似文献   

5.
烟草PGPR(PlantGrowth PromotingRhizobacteria)菌株RB 89、RB 42对烟草根部收集液有较强的趋化性。在稀释浓度为10-5时,RB 89、RB 42的趋化值依次为1 79、1 83。RB 42和RB 89对氨基酸趋化性差异显著,对酪氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、笨丙氨酸表现出较强的趋化性,对组氨酸、苏氨酸没有表现出趋化性;RB 42和RB 89菌株对有机酸的趋化性没有明显区别,只是RB 42对乳酸的趋化性表现得比对其它有机酸的强些;菌株对糖类物质的趋化性最弱。菌株RB 89、RB 42在烟株根表的定殖受灭菌、趋化剂影响较大,土壤灭菌、趋化剂处理可增加菌株在根表的定殖量。  相似文献   

6.
Near-infrared (NIR) transflectance spectra of Listeria innocua FH, Lactococcus lactis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas mendocina, and Pseudomonas putida suspensions were collected and investigated for their potential use in the identification and classification of bacteria. Unmodified spectral data were transformed (first and second derivative) using the Savitzsky-Golay algorithm. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS2-DA), and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were used in the analysis. Using either full cross-validation or separate calibration and prediction data sets, PLS2 regression classified the five bacterial suspensions with 100% accuracy at species level. At Pseudomonas genus level, PLS2 regression classified the three Pseudomonas species with 100% accuracy. In the case of SIMCA, prediction of an unknown sample set produced correct classification rates of 100% except for L. innocua FH (77%). At genus level, SIMCA produced correct classification rates of 96.7, 100, and 100% for P. fluorescens, P. mendocina, and P. putida, respectively. This successful investigation suggests that NIR spectroscopy can become a useful, rapid, and noninvasive tool for bacterial identification.  相似文献   

7.
利用三亲本杂交方法,将luxAB发光酶基因标记至荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)CP1108上,研究标记菌株CP1108L的个体生态学特征及其在棉花根圈的定殖动态.结果表明,标记菌株连续传代20次均未发生质粒丢失现象,标记质粒在受体菌株中较为稳定,CP1108L菌株的生长及部分生理生化特性...  相似文献   

8.
The phosphosulfonates are a new class of soil-active herbicides which control a variety of annual grass and broadleaf weeds. Chirality at the phosphorus atom afforded the opportunity to explore stereospecific requirements for herbicidal activity. Chiral (hydroxymethyl)phosphinate intermediates were enzymatically resolved (Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase) from the racemic mixtures and then used to prepare two pairs of enantiomeric phosphosulfonates. Biological testing of the enantiomeric phosphosulfonate herbicides demonstrated that, in each case, the herbicidal activity was attributed to the (+) enantiomer and that the (+) enantiomer is more active than the racemate.  相似文献   

9.
Fourteen kinds of alkyl esters of 2-endo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole were synthesized, with yields of 57.8-98.0%. Each ester had a characteristic and unique odor. Especially, the tert-butyl acetate of 2-endo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole had the most interesting odor of all the synthetic esters. The antimicrobial and bactericidal activities of these synthetic esters against test bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas fluorescens) were examined using the broth dilution method. As a result, the tert-butyl acetate of 2-endo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole showed the highest antimicrobial and bactericidal activities against all kinds of the test bacteria.  相似文献   

10.
The environmental release of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) to improve agriculture or remediate environmental hazards has raised concern over the fate of the organisms and their engineered genes. To detect the microorganisms released into the environment at the molecular level, Bacillus subtilis KB producing iturin and Pseudomonas fluorescens MX1 carrying the moc (mannityl opine catabolism) region from the Agrobacterium tumefaciens were employed as model microorganisms. Using specific fusion primers and the TaqMan probes, qualitative and quantitative detections of the model organisms by PCR and real-time PCR were conducted employing a small-scale soil-core device and pots during the six month period. The data indicate that the model bacteria can be easily detected by qualitative and quantitative methods in the test systems employed, and they do not give significant impacts on the other bacteria in soils on the Southern blotting analysis, although long-term observation may be needed.  相似文献   

11.
为探究有机酸对食品中致腐假单胞菌抗生物被膜活性,本试验测定了柠檬酸(CA)和乙酸(AA)对荧光及隆德假单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和生物被膜抑制能力,通过结晶紫法、苯酚-硫酸法和显微镜观察等分析亚抑菌浓度有机酸处理对2种假单胞菌的生物被膜形成、胞外多糖(EPS)和被膜结构变化及菌体运动性和蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明,CA和AA对荧光假单胞菌的MIC分别为2.1和1.0 mg·mL-1。2种有机酸添加浓度为1/4 MIC、1/2 MIC时能显著降低荧光和隆德假单胞菌的生物被膜和EPS分泌量,其中,1/2 MIC CA和1/2 MIC AA处理下生物被膜形成分别减少53.00%和52.19%,EPS分泌量分别降低54.43%和57.85%。光学和共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)观察发现,假单胞菌在亚抑菌浓度有机酸处理下粘附菌量明显降低,被膜变薄,被膜内死细菌增加,其中荧光假单胞菌成熟被膜为50.0 μm,而1/2 MIC AA和1/2 MIC CA处理下仅为9.8和10.2 μm,且菌体群集和泳动性变得微弱,尤其是AA处理。假单胞菌的蛋白酶活性在弱有机酸作用下显著下降,其酶活性降低22.21%~34.10%。综上表明,亚抑菌浓度CA和AA具有良好的抗假单胞菌生物被膜活性,其中AA的抑制作用更强。本研究为有机酸应用于生鲜食品保鲜提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

12.
The effects of bacterial inoculants on the growth of winter wheat were studied in a growth chamber. Azospirillum brasilense, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus polymyxa, Enterobacter cloacae, or a mixture of the four rhizobacteria were the inoculants tested. Inoculation effects on yield, yield components, and N-derived from fertilizer (Ndff) were assessed. The response of plants inoculated with individual bacteria was inconsistent and varied with treatment. At the first harvest (58 days after planting-DAP) plants inoculated with the mixture exhibited increases in plant dry weight, total-N and Ndff. At the second harvest (105 DAP), plants inoculated with A. brasilense and the mixture exhibited increases in shoot biomass, whereas at maturity (170 DAP), the inoculated plants showed no differences in total-N or shoot dry matter yield, as compared to the uninoculated controls. Inoculation with A. brasilense, however, increased the Ndff in the shoots, and B. polymyxa tended to enhance grain yield. Practical use of these rhizobacteria as inoculants for winter wheat may have limited value until such time as we better understand factors which influence rhizosphere competence of bacterial inoculants.  相似文献   

13.
The rate of active movement of five isolates from three genera of soil bacteria in an artificial and a natural soil at high matric potentials was studied. In nutrient-amended soils the order of motility at matric potentials of —50cm and —150cm of water was: Pseudomonus fluorescens > Bacillis subtilis (two isolates) >Azotobacter vinelandii >Azotobacter chroococcum. The rate of movement of all organisms was markedly greater at the same potential in the artificial soil than in the natural soil. The faster rate in the artificial soil was attributed to the lack of a component with a high surface charge density, onto which bacteria became adsorbed. Though the influence of soil physical factors on microbial activities may be more easily studied in artificial soil systems, the lack of such a component may limit its usefulness in interpreting activities involving adsorption phenomena. Thus, while A. vinelandii moved 26mm in 48 h in the artificial soil at —50cm matric potential, there was negligible movement (5 mm in 48 h) at the same potential in the natural soil. The results indicate that, in contrast to P. fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Azatobacter spp. are unlikely to move appreciably through natural soil at matric potentials of less than —150cm of water.  相似文献   

14.
Seven kinds of alpha-methylene-gamma-lactones with an alkyl group at the C-4 position were synthesized according to a previously described method, with yields of 28-34%. These alpha-methylene-gamma-lactones had characteristic and unique odors. All alpha-methylene-gamma-lactones added a roast-like odor to materials. The antimicrobial effects of alpha-methylene-gamma-lactones were investigated by using a paper disk diffusion method. The results showed the alpha-methylene-gamma-lactones inhibited the growth of three bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and two fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger). In particular, alpha-methylene-gamma-undecalactone and alpha-methylene-gamma-dodecalactone exhibited potent inhibition of the growth of these microorganisms compared to butyl p-hydroxybenzoate as standard antibiotic. The umu test revealed that the alpha-methylene-gamma-lactones suppressed the SOS-inducing activity of three mutagens, furylfuramide, UV irradiation, and Trp-P-1, respectively. The antimicrobial effects and the suppressive effects of SOS induction by alpha-methylene-gamma-lactones had a tendency to intensify as the number of carbons in the side chain increased.  相似文献   

15.
《Applied soil ecology》2001,16(2):179-185
A 60-day glasshouse experiment was conducted to assess the influence of two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens (GRP3 and PRS9), organic manure, and inorganic fertilizers (urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP), muriate of potash and monocalcium phosphate) alone and in combination on the multiplication of Meloidogyne incognita and growth of tomato. Pseudomonas fluorescens GRP3 was better at improving tomato growth and reducing galling and nematode multiplication than PRS9. Organic manuring resulted in less galling and nematode multiplication than occurred with DAP. However, DAP was found better in reducing nematode multiplication and improving plant growth than urea. Muriate of potash was the inorganic fertilizer least effective in reducing galling and nematode multiplication. Pseudomonas fluorescens GRP3 with organic manure was the best combination for the management of M. incognita on tomato but improved management of M. incognita can also be obtained if DAP is used with the GRP3 strain of P. fluorescens.  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT

A study was conducted to assess the influence of bioinoculants and chemical fertilizers on survival and enzymes activity of microbes in rhizosphere and growth of oil palm seedlings. Bioinoculants namely Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus megaterium, Frateuria aurantia and Glomus aggregatum were applied individually, combindly and integrated with chemical fertilizers. Most convincing and highly significant results for growth parameters, phosphatases, dehydrogenase and trehalase activity were observed in potting mixture with application of bioinoculants + 25% recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (RDF). Extreme levels of esterase in potting mixture were noticed under the treatment with bioinoculants + 50% RDF followed by bioinoculants + 25% RDF. The highest population of Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Bacillus and Frateuria in potting mixture was enumerated with consortium of bioinoculants + 25% RDF. Glomalin content and root infection recorded in Glomus aggregatum was ostensibly superior to rest of the treatments except consortium of bioinoculants + 25% RDF. Correlation analysis revealed significant and positive interaction between microbial population and enzyme activities. The study suggests that integrated use of bioinoculants along with 25% RDF play a significant role in enhancing oil palm seedling growth through increased microbial population and enzyme activity in rhizosphere.  相似文献   

17.
The effect of freezing and bacterial growth on the discoloration of beef was assessed by measuring myoglobin derivatives myoglobin (MB), oxymyoglobin (MBO(2)), and metmyoglobin (METMB) on the surfaces of fresh and frozen-thawed packaged beef cuts stored at 2 degrees C and analyzed after 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days of storage. MB, MBO(2), and METMB concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically. Frozen-thawed beef samples experienced less "blooming" (conversion of MB to MBO(2)) and more rapid discoloration than fresh cuts during storage. By day 3, >20% METMB was formed in the frozen-thawed samples, whereas the fresh samples reached this value after day 6 of storage. The rates of MB oxidation were similar (P > 0.05) for sterile and frozen-thawed inoculated (Pseudomonas fluorescens at a rate of 1.5 colony forming units/cm(2).cm(2) area) samples from day 0 through day 6 of storage. For storage periods of less than a week, bacterial growth is not a major cause of meat discoloration. After day 6, the high bacterial growth rate resulted in a rapid increase in METMB formation. Possible mechanisms for MB oxidation in frozen-thawed beef are suggested.  相似文献   

18.
SPME-MS-MVA as an electronic nose for the study of off-flavors in milk   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
A new technique using solid-phase microextraction, mass spectrometry, and multivariate analysis (SPME-MS-MVA) was developed for the study of off-flavors in milk. The analytical column of a GC/MS system was replaced with a 1-m deactivated fused-silica column, which served as a transfer line to deliver volatiles extracted from milk samples with a Carboxen-SPME fiber to the mass spectrometer. Mass fragmentation data resulting from the unresolved milk volatile components were subjected to MVA. Principal component analysis based on SPME-MS-MVA provided rapid differentiation of control reduced-fat milk (2% butterfat content) samples from reduced-fat milk samples abused by light, heat, copper, and microbial contamination. The three psychrotrophic bacteria studied included Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, and Pseudomonas putrefaciens. SPME-MS-MVA is rapid and offers significant advantages over commercial electronic nose instruments currently being used as quality assurance tools to differentiate normal-tasting food and beverage samples from those containing off-flavors and malodors.  相似文献   

19.
Cry34Ab1 and Cry35Ab1 proteins, identified from Bacillus thuringiensis strain PS149B1, act together to control corn rootworms. Transgenic corn lines coexpressing the two proteins were developed to protect corn against rootworm damage. Large quantities of the two proteins were needed to conduct studies required for assessing the safety of this transgenic corn crop. Because it was technically infeasible to obtain sufficient quantities of high purity Cry34Ab1 and Cry35Ab1 proteins from the transgenic corn plants, the proteins were produced using a recombinant Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) production system. The two proteins from both the transgenic corn and the Pf were purified and characterized. The proteins from each host had the expected molecular mass and were immunoreactive to specific antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis. Data from N-terminal sequencing, tryptic peptide mass fingerprinting, internal peptide sequencing, and biological activity provided direct evidence that the Cry34Ab1 and Cry35Ab1 proteins produced in Pf and transgenic corn were, respectively, comparable or equivalent molecules. In addition, neither protein had detectable glycosylation regardless of the host.  相似文献   

20.
Cotton plants were genetically modified through the introduction of a synthetic gene that encodes a Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protoxin referred to as Cry1F(synpro). This protoxin is a chimeric, full-length delta-endotoxin of 130 kDa, comprised of the core toxin of Cry1Fa2 protein and parts of the nontoxic portions of Cry1Ca3 and Cry1Ab1 proteins, all of which originated from Bacillus thuringiensis. The Cry1F(synpro) expressed in cotton plants confers resistance to lepidopteran pests. The current study was conducted to characterize the Cry1F(synpro) protein expressed in the transgenic cotton event 281-24-236. Results showed that the full-length Cry1F(synpro) produced in the transgenic cotton plants was sensitive to the host cell protease cleavage, resulting in a truncated, biologically active form (core toxin) with an apparent molecular mass of 65 kDa. This truncated toxin was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from the cotton leaf extract. N-terminal sequencing, peptide mass fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF MS, and internal peptide sequencing by MS/MS confirmed the identity of the truncated core toxin of Cry1F. The mechanism of truncation was explored with Cry1F(synpro) derived from a recombinant Pseudomonas fluorescens. The transgenic cotton-produced Cry1F showed equivalent insecticidal activity to that of Pseudomonas fluorescens-derived Cry1F.  相似文献   

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