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1.
为揭示生态水文过程与气候变化的关系,以广西猫儿山典型流域人工毛竹林为研究对象,利用Hydrus-1D模型模拟了毛竹林土壤水分及其他水文要素,在此基础上,针对设定的不同气候变化情景,分析了人工毛竹林对气候变化的响应。结果表明:Hydrus-1D模型可满足人工毛竹林生态水文分析,人工毛竹林蒸散发量占总降水量的28.40%,径流以基流为主。在不同气候变化情景下,气温升幅控制蒸发和蒸腾的增幅,且冬季增幅大于夏季增幅。径流对降水变化更敏感,降水变化会更多地影响夏季径流,而气温则更易影响冬季径流。降水对夏季土壤储水量影响大于冬季,气温则更多地影响冬季土壤储水量。气温降水耦合情况下,土壤储水量对降水减少气温升高时敏感性最明显,总体表现为冬季土壤储水量更易受影响。研究结果可为区域生态规划、水资源开发利用等提供参考依据。 相似文献
2.
尽管非洲是世界上温室气体排放总量或人均排放量最少的地区,但在承受气候变化造成的恶劣影响方面首当其冲。气候变化已经给非洲的水资源、农业、生物多样性、人类健康和国家安全等带来诸多严重影响,粮食生产和水资源一直是非洲长期面临的两大难题,也是深受气候变化影响的两大领域还较欠缺,需要在未来的研究中进一步加强,以探寻减缓气候变化对非洲水资源和农业不利影响的有效途径。本文系统梳理了气候变化对非洲水资源系统和农业生产影响的研究成果和不足,以期为非洲气候变化影响评估工作提供一定参考和借鉴。已有的观测结果表明,气候变化导致非洲许多山脉冰川面积正在大范围缩减、大部分地区降水量有所减少,降雨的年际间分布也更为不稳定,通过水文模型的模拟预测,未来气候变化将进一步影响降水量和非洲部分地区河流的径流量,导致非洲水资源供给压力加大。同样,气候变化也给非洲农业生产带来了巨大的挑战,无论是观测结果分析,还是统计模型和作物模型等对不同气候情景和时间尺度下非洲农业的模拟研究,都显示气候变化对非洲农业以负面影响为主,导致非洲干旱加剧、生长季改变和粮食产量下降,并可能危及非洲的粮食安全。然而,现有研究结果还存在较多不确定性,其主要集中在未来气候情景数据、研究方法、数据的质量和数量等方面。与世界其它地区相比,非洲气候变化影响研究无论是研究的深度和广度都 相似文献
3.
不同气候模式对密云水库流域非点源污染负荷的影响 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
以密云水库流域内4个气象站1961-2000年40 a的气象特征分析结果为基础,采用统计分析和线性回归的方法,预测流域气候变化趋势,采用任意情景设置法设定25种气候情景(5种温度变化和5种降雨变化的组合情景)和3个水文情景年(丰、平、枯水年)。利用HSPF(hydrologic simulation program-fortran)模型模拟密云水库流域不同气候变化情景下径流量和非点源污染物负荷量的变化情况。结果表明:1)增加20%降雨,能增加73.4%的径流量,而减少20%降雨会减少56.3%的径流,而气温变化对径流和水质负荷影响不是很明显;2)总氮和总磷负荷随径流增加而增大,总磷负荷对径流变化更加敏感,降雨增加20%,总氮和总磷负荷分别增加约70.8%和78.3%;而减少20%降雨,会使得总氮和总磷负荷分别减少约55.3%和57.2%;3)从水文年对比来看,潮河流域丰水年径流量是枯水年的3.1倍,总氮、总磷负荷则分别是枯水年的2.9倍、3.5倍,白河流域丰水年径流量是枯水年的4.6倍,总氮、总磷负荷则分别是枯水年的5.6倍、8.5倍,且年内非点源污染负荷主要集中在汛期,高风险区主要分布在怀柔区、延庆县、滦平县以及密云县,需要对其采取对应的措施来控制非点源污染的影响。 相似文献
4.
This study assessed the impacts of potential climate change on maize yields in China, using the CERES-Maize model under rainfed and irrigated conditions, based on 35 maize modeling sites in eastern China that characterize the main maize regions. The Chinese Weather Generator was developed to generate a long time series of daily climate data as baseline climate for 51 sites in China. Climate change scenarios were created from three equilibrium general circulation models: the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory model, the high-resolution United Kingdom Meteorological Office model, and the Max Planck Institute model. At most sites, simulated yields of both rainfed and irrigated maize decreased under climate change scenarios, primarily because of increases in temperature, which shorten maize growth duration, particularly the grain-filling period. Decreases of simulated yields varied across the general circulation model scenarios. Simulated yields increased at only a few northern sites, probably because maize growth is currently temperature-limited at these relatively high latitudes. To analyze the possible impacts of climate variability on maize yield, we specified incremental changes to variabilities of temperature and precipitation and applied these changes to the general circulation model scenarios to create sensitivity scenarios. Arbitrary climate variability sensitivity tests were conducted at three sites in the North China Plain to test maize model responses to a range of changes (0%, +10%, and +20%) inthe monthly standard deviations of temperature and monthly variation coefficients of precipitation. The results from the three sites showed that incremental climate variability caused simulated yield decreases, and the decreases in rainfed yield were greater than those of irrigated yield. 相似文献
5.
气候变化对华北粮食主产区水资源的影响及适应对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气候变化已成为目前全球最为重要的环境问题之一,气候变化将通过加速水文循环进而对区域水资源产生重要影响。采用统计分析和数学模拟方法,分析了气候变化对中国华北粮食主产区水资源的可能影响。结果表明:过去50年黄河中下游地区和海河流域河川径流呈现显著性减少趋势,淮河流域及黄河上游河川径流为非显著性变化;其中,1980年以来海河流域实测径流量较前期减少超过50%。未来30~50年华北粮食主产区气温将持续上升,降水的不确定性更大,总体呈现弱增加趋势。受气温升高和降水变化影响,未来几十年水资源总体以略微偏少为主,但存在区域性增多的可能;在RCPP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5排放情景下,区域水资源较基准期(1961—1990)分别变化-1.3%、1.0%和-2.3%。在空间分布上,黄河中游水资源可能略有增多,但淮河和海河流域水资源很可能进一步减少,华北粮食主产区水资源供需矛盾可能会因气候变化而更为突出。加强节水型社会建设、水利工程建设以及充分利用非传统水源是该地区未来适应气候变化的核心工作。 相似文献
6.
为了减少或者防止丘陵-平原-湿地区蒸发变大、径流减少和湿地退化等问题产生,有必要找到丘陵-平原-湿地区径流变化的驱动力。该文针对这种情况选定典型丘陵-平原-湿地区挠力河流域为研究对象,识别研究区水文气象、降雨径流关系、覆盖类型和旱田作物种类等径流影响因素的变化情况,利用情景模式反映影响因素的组合情况,将情景模式输入水文模型,分析径流影响因素及其变化对水文循环过程和径流的影响。结果表明:研究区域降水变化是径流变化的关键驱动力,降雨与径流总体上均呈递减趋势,并且径流深的递减趋势强于降水量的递减趋势;径流减少影响因素除了关键性因素降雨外还有其他因素在起作用,并且影响在逐渐增强;气候变化也是径流变化的重要驱动力之一,1965—2014年期间夏季和秋季的气温、水汽压、日照和风速等都存在显著增加趋势,春季的气温和水汽压显著升高,春季的风速在降低;1965—2014年期间流域蒸发在5—10月间并不是总是随着气温、日照、水汽压和风速等增加而增加,在某些时段某些覆盖类型蒸发量存在减小的现象;集水区域内覆盖类型变化是径流变化的重要驱动力之一,未利用地转变成旱地、旱地转换为水田以及农业产业结构的调整,加速了研究区内流域蒸散发,导致径流深的递减速度加快,同时引起了径流深对降水响应的异常;降水、气候因素和土地覆盖类型等综合影响着蒸发、根系区含水量、非饱和带含水量和径流等水循环过程因素的时空变化。 相似文献
7.
基于SWAT模型的流域土地利用格局变化对面源污染的影响 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：6
近年来随着流域经济社会的快速发展,密云水库流域的土地利用格局也发生了明显的改变,作为影响流域非点源污染输出的主要因素,探讨土地利用格局的演变对非点源污染的影响对有效控制非点源污染具有重要的意义。该文以密云水库上游流域为研究区,从土地利用变化与污染过程相互作用的角度出发,开展流域非点源污染过程对土地利用变化的响应研究。基于流域1995年、2000年、2005年3期的土地利用数据,基于SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型,模拟评价流域非点源污染负荷分布特征,并应用景观格局指数、典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)和通径分析等方法,从全流域和三级保护区等多空间尺度,量化分析流域土地利用及其格局时空变化对非点源污染负荷的影响。研究结果表明流域的非点源负荷与土地利用格局间存在着密切的联系。格局指数能累积解释流域非点源污染负荷变化的56.3%。污染负荷受土地利用格局的破碎度和形状的影响较大。通径分析的结果表明,耕地、林地面积比例、形状指数和斑块密度是影响研究区非点源污染负荷输出的主要因子,其中形状指数和耕地面积比例对TN、TP负荷的解释能力要明显高于其他指标。从空间尺度上看,各格局因子与非点源污染负荷的关系具有尺度效应,随着空间尺度的递增,格局对负荷的解释程度降低,在较小的尺度范围内,尤其是一级保护区的解释能力最高,达到62.9%,表明离水库越近的区域应是非点源防治高度重视的区域。 相似文献
8.
近50年泾河流域降雨-径流关系变化及驱动因素定量分析 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
为明确变化环境下流域降雨—径流关系变化特征,定量分析影响因素,该文提出利用滑动偏相关系数法诊断泾河流域降雨—径流关系变异情况,与双累积曲线法相互验证,引入Copula函数分析降雨-径流关系变化特征,在此基础上定量计算气候变化和人类活动对径流变化的影响。研究结果表明:泾河流域降雨—径流关系于1996年发生变异,主要由流域内持续增加的用水量以及大规模的水利水保工程致使的径流衰减性变化造成,降雨年际、年内变幅不明显;降雨-径流关系变异后(1997-2010年),相较1960-1996年,相同降雨条件下流域产流能力减弱,年降雨量≥400 mm时,产流量相对减幅达40%以上;降雨、径流联合分布发生明显变化,不同时段相同量级降雨、径流遭遇概率变化显著;1997-2010年与1960-1996年相比,人类活动对径流减少的贡献率达到80.96%,气候变化影响程度仅为19.04%。该研究可为合理进行流域水资源开发利用与水土保持工作等提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
《CATENA》2010,80(3):288-296
The Southern Pre-Pyrenees experienced a substantial land-use change over the second half of the 20th century owing to the reduction of agricultural activities towards the formation of a more natural forest landscape. The land-use change over the last 50 years with subsequent effects on water and sediment export was modelled with the process-based, spatially semi-distributed WASA-SED model for the meso-scale Canalda catchment in Catalonia, Spain. It was forwarded that the model yielded plausible results for runoff and sediment yield dynamics without the need of calibration, although the model failed to reproduce the shape of the hydrograph and the total discharge of several individual rainstorm events, hence the simulation capabilities are not yet considered sufficient for decision-making purposes for land management. As there are only a very limited amount of measured data available on sediment budgets with altered land-use and climate change settings, the WASA-SED model was used to obtain qualitative estimates on the effects of past and future change scenarios to derive a baseline for hypothesis building and future discussion on the evolution of sediment budgets in such a dryland setting. Simulating the effects of the past land-use change, the model scenarios resulted in a decrease of up to 75% of the annual sediment yield, whereas modelled runoff remained almost constant over the last 50 years. The relative importance of environmental change was evaluated by comparing the impact on sediment export of land-use change, that are driven by socio-economic factors, with climate change projections for changes in the rainfall regime. The modelling results suggest that a 20% decrease in annual rainfall results in a decrease in runoff and sediment yield, thus an ecosystem stabilisation in regard to sediment export, which can only be achieved by a substantial land-use change equivalent to a complete afforestation. At the same time, a 20% increase in rainfall causes a large export of water and sediment resources out of the catchment, equivalent to an intensive agricultural use of 100% of the catchment area. For wet years, the effects of agricultural intensification are more pronounced, so that in this case the intensive land-use change has a significantly larger impact on sediment generation than climate change. The WASA-SED model proved capable in quantifying the impacts of actual and potential environmental change, but the reliability of the simulation results is still circumscribed by considerable parameterisation and model uncertainties. 相似文献
10.
The Southern Pre-Pyrenees experienced a substantial land-use change over the second half of the 20th century owing to the reduction of agricultural activities towards the formation of a more natural forest landscape. The land-use change over the last 50 years with subsequent effects on water and sediment export was modelled with the process-based, spatially semi-distributed WASA-SED model for the meso-scale Canalda catchment in Catalonia, Spain. It was forwarded that the model yielded plausible results for runoff and sediment yield dynamics without the need of calibration, although the model failed to reproduce the shape of the hydrograph and the total discharge of several individual rainstorm events, hence the simulation capabilities are not yet considered sufficient for decision-making purposes for land management. As there are only a very limited amount of measured data available on sediment budgets with altered land-use and climate change settings, the WASA-SED model was used to obtain qualitative estimates on the effects of past and future change scenarios to derive a baseline for hypothesis building and future discussion on the evolution of sediment budgets in such a dryland setting. Simulating the effects of the past land-use change, the model scenarios resulted in a decrease of up to 75% of the annual sediment yield, whereas modelled runoff remained almost constant over the last 50 years. The relative importance of environmental change was evaluated by comparing the impact on sediment export of land-use change, that are driven by socio-economic factors, with climate change projections for changes in the rainfall regime. The modelling results suggest that a 20% decrease in annual rainfall results in a decrease in runoff and sediment yield, thus an ecosystem stabilisation in regard to sediment export, which can only be achieved by a substantial land-use change equivalent to a complete afforestation. At the same time, a 20% increase in rainfall causes a large export of water and sediment resources out of the catchment, equivalent to an intensive agricultural use of 100% of the catchment area. For wet years, the effects of agricultural intensification are more pronounced, so that in this case the intensive land-use change has a significantly larger impact on sediment generation than climate change. The WASA-SED model proved capable in quantifying the impacts of actual and potential environmental change, but the reliability of the simulation results is still circumscribed by considerable parameterisation and model uncertainties. 相似文献
11.
气候变化情景下海河流域水文循环变化模拟 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Climate change scenarios, predicted using the regional climate modeling system of PRECIS (providing regional climates for impacts studies), were used to derive three-layer variable infiltration capacity (VIC-3L) land surface model for the simulation of hydrologic processes at a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° in the Haihe River Basin. Three climate scenarios were considered in this study: recent climate (1961-1990), future climate A2 (1991-2100) and future climate B2 (1991-2100) with A2 and B2 being two storylines of future emissions developed with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) special report on emissions scenarios. Overall, under future climate scenarios A2 and B2, the Haihe River Basin would experience warmer climate with increased precipitation, evaporation and runoff production as compared with recent climate, but would be still likely prone to water shortages in the period of 2031-2070. In addition, under future climate A2 and B2, an increase in runoff during the wet season was noticed, indicating a future rise in the flood occurrence possibility in the Haihe River Basin. 相似文献
12.
[目的] 分析兰江流域径流对气候变化的水文过程响应,为区域水资源可持续发展和防洪抗旱提供科学基础。[方法] 利用2015—2018年日降雨径流过程和6场暴雨洪水过程率定并验证HEC-HMS水文模型在该流域的适用性;基于SDSM统计降尺度模型,对2030—2100年CanESM2模式下RCP2.6,RCP4.5和RCP8.53种情景的气候数据进行降尺度,生成兰江流域6个气象站点未来日降水序列以预测未来气候变化下的径流响应。[结果] HEC-HMS模型对场次洪水和逐日径流模拟的相关系数平均值达到0.89,0.77,平均效率系数达到0.86,0.76;RCP2.6情景下研究区面降水量较于基准期（2015—2018年）减小0.82%,在RCP4.5,RCP8.5情景下分别增大6.18%,18.17%;RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP8.53种情景下多年平均径流相较于基准期分别增幅为17.00%,26.22%,41.93%。[结论] HEC-HMS模型在兰江流域有较好的适用性;未来兰江流域径流呈显著上升趋势,增幅程度随辐射强迫度的增加同步增大。当辐射强迫度升高至8.5 W/m2时,流域径流量平均每10 a上升49.49 m3/s。预计21世纪末多年平均径流量达到1 101 m3/s,年径流变化起伏剧烈,汛期径流占全年比例较高,旱涝事件趋于频繁,对人民福祉威胁较大。 相似文献
13.
积雪是干旱区水资源的重要组成部分,气候变暖引起的降水形态和积雪消融的改变势必会对流域径流过程及其组分变化产生重要的影响。选取天山北坡呼图壁河流域作为干旱区积雪补给典型流域,利用站点气象数据及IPCC CMIP5气候情景数据,驱动改进雨雪划分方案、融雪径流计算模块的VIC模型,以观测径流和MODIS积雪面积数据进行模型多目标参数优化,定量解析呼图壁河流域径流组成、变化特征及对气候变化的响应机理。结果表明:(1)呼图壁河径流呈暖季集中的单峰型分布,融雪径流、降雨径流和冰川径流分别占径流总量的27.7%,66.1%,6.2%。1978—2010年呼图壁流域在气温、降水量显著增加,降雪量变化不大,降雪占降水比例显著下降的背景下,总径流和降雨径流显著增加,融雪径流微弱增加。(2) RCP4.5情景下,预估未来呼图壁河流域气温将显著升高,降水缓慢增加,而降雪明显减少;流域总径流将缓慢增加,其中降雨径流显著增加,而融雪径流将显著减少;径流年内分配亦将改变,将表现为春季径流和峰值流量的下降,枯水期流量增加,融雪径流峰值前移。(3)春季融雪径流的占比最高,其变化直接决定着总径流的丰枯变化;预估未来融雪径流显著减少将导致3—6月灌溉期总径流减少,在现有农业生产模式下将进一步加剧灌溉用水矛盾。 相似文献
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为预测3种温室气体排放情景（A2、B2和GGa1）下未来40年黄土丘陵沟壑区的气候变化,利用安塞试验站1986—2003年的气候观测资料以及1986—2049年GCM（HadCM3）栅格数据,通过空间转换和时间转换,利用CLIGEN和GCM模型,预测未来40年以安塞为代表的黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的气候变化。结果表明：与当前条件相比,到2049年,A2、B2和GGa1 3种情景下预测的降雨量分别增加37%、22%和12%;3种情景下预测的最大月均降雨量出现在夏季;到2049年,A2、B2和GGa1 3种情景下预测的月均最低气温和月均最高气温皆增加,但差异不明显,年均最低气温和年均最高气温分别增加1.41-1.56℃和0.92-1.57℃。 相似文献
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L. Amadore W. C. Bolhofer R. V. Cruz R. B. Feir C. A. Freysinger S. Guill K. F. Jalal A. Iglesias A. Jose S. Leatherman S. Lenhart S. Mukherjee J. B. Smith J. Wisniewski 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1996,92(1-2):1-12
The Regional Workshop on Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment in Asia and the Pacific metto present and discuss assessments of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in agriculture, forests, coastal resources, and water resources. Discussions were held in breakout and plenary sessions about the state of the science for vulnerability and adaptation assessment, conclusions that can be drawn about the vulnerability of the region to climate change, and where future research efforts should be directed. The workshop concluded that sea level rise is of greatest concern to island and coastal nations in the region, climate change will have a significant effect on agriculture, water resources are sensitive to changes in average climate conditions and to tropical monsoons and cyclones, and forests could be significantly affected by climate change. The workshop recommended that efforts to improve general circulation models continue and that countries in the region cooperate on the analyses of vulnerability and addressing adaptation measures. The workshop also concluded that results of vulnerability and adaptation assessments should be presented to policy makers and the public and that assessments continue to be undertaken to improve our understanding of the issue. 相似文献
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In mountainous regions where the accumulation and melt of seasonal snow cover are important for runoff production, the timing and quantity of water supply could be strongly affected by regional climate change, particularly altered temperature and precipitation regimes.In this paper, the hydrological response to climate change scenarios is examined using a semi-distributed snowmelt runoff model. The model represents an improvement over simple temperature-based models, in that it incorporates the net radiation into the snowpack. Thus it takes into account the basin's topography and slope orientation when computing snowmelt. In general, a warmer climate is expected to shift snowmelt earlier into the winter and spring, decreasing summer runoff. The effects of other potential climate changes (such as precipitation and cloudiness patterns) are explored. The uncertainties in these predictions are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Sustainable grassland systems: a modelling perspective based on the North Wyke Farm Platform 
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下载免费PDF全文 L. Wu X. Zhang B. A. Griffith T. H. Misselbrook 《European Journal of Soil Science》2016,67(4):397-408
The North Wyke Farm Platform (NWFP) provides data from the field‐ to the farm‐scale, enabling the research community to address key issues in sustainable agriculture better and to test models that are capable of simulating soil, plant and animal processes involved in the systems. The tested models can then be used to simulate how agro‐ecosystems will respond to changes in the environment and management. In this study, we used baseline datasets generated from the NWFP to validate the Soil‐Plant‐Atmosphere Continuum System (SPACSYS) model in relation to the dynamics of soil water content, water loss from runoff and forage biomass removal. The validated model, together with future climate scenarios for the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s (from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES): medium (A1B) and large (A1F1) emission scenarios), were used to simulate the long‐term responses of the system with three contrasting treatments on the NWFP. Simulation results demonstrated that the SPACSYS model could estimate reliably the dynamics of soil water content, water loss from runoff and drainage, and cut biomass for a permanent sward. The treatments responded in different ways under the climate change scenarios. More carbon (C) is fixed and respired by the swards treated with an increased use of legumes, whereas less C was lost through soil respiration with the planned reseeding. The deep‐rooting grass in the reseeding treatment reduced N losses through leaching, runoff and gaseous emissions, and water loss from runoff compared with the other two treatments. 相似文献
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气候变化和人类活动是导致径流变化的主要原因,因此计算气候变化和人类活动对沂河流域径流变化的贡献率可为缓解沂河流域水资源紧张提供一定的参考依据。以山东省沂河流域为研究对象,基于1960—2016年的气温、风速、降水和流量等水文气象数据,首先采用Mann-Kendall、有序聚类分析法和累积平距法分析降水量及径流量的变化趋势及突变点,最后采用Budyko水热耦合平衡方程,定量计算了气候变化和人类活动对径流变化的贡献率。结果表明：1960—2016年沂河流域年径流深呈现显著减小趋势,且在1975年和2003年发生突变,因此将径流序列分为1960—1975年(基准期),1976—2003年(变化期Ⅰ)和2004—2016年(变化期Ⅱ)3个阶段。基于Budyko水热耦合平衡方程计算变化期Ⅰ和变化期Ⅱ中降水、潜在蒸散发和下垫面对径流变化的贡献率,发现导致沂河流域变化期Ⅰ径流减少的主要原因是下垫面条件和降水的改变,贡献率分别为51.42%,49.43%,潜在蒸散发的减少导致径流增加,贡献率为-0.85%;导致变化期Ⅱ径流减少的最主要原因是下垫面条件的改变,占73.11%,其次是降水,贡献率为42.5... 相似文献
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气候变化情景下未来赣北第四纪红壤坡面土壤侵蚀的预估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为评估未来气候条件下的土壤侵蚀变化的响应,该研究利用IPCC AR4中17个全球大气环流模式在SRES B1(低排放)、A1B(中排放)和A2(高排放)这3种典型排放情景下的未来降水预测,结合坡面土壤侵蚀WEPP模型,在对模型验证效果良好的基础上,参照集合预报方法,对未来至21世纪末赣北地区典型第四纪红壤坡面的土壤侵蚀进行预估。研究结果表明,虽不同大气环流模式的预估表现各异,但与基准期相比,确定未来降雨量增加,径流量很可能增加,坡面侵蚀也可能增加。未来降雨和侵蚀出现递增趋势,并延续至本世纪末。3种情景下预估的坡面土壤侵蚀平均水平均高于基准期,其中温室气体浓度最高的A2情景增幅最大。随降雨、径流及土壤侵蚀递增趋势的持续,至本世纪中后期(2051-2099年)红壤坡面的土壤侵蚀到达峰值。 相似文献