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1.
不同产地扁蓿豆种子萌发期抗旱性综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用不同渗透势聚乙二醇（PEG6000）溶液模拟干旱胁迫,研究了甘肃景泰、陇西、镇原、永昌、天水、榆中、宁县、夏河、临夏、渭源和内蒙古土默特、陕西陇县12个扁蓿豆（Medicago ruthenica）居群种子萌发期的抗旱性。结果表明,PEG胁迫降低了扁蓿豆种质资源的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,抑制了胚芽和胚根的生长。-0．3 MPa的渗透势胁迫可促进陇西扁蓿豆种子的萌发,且在此浓度下其相对发芽指数和相对活力指数均显著高于其他11份材料。在-0．3 MPa PEG胁迫下景泰和土默特扁蓿豆的相对胚根长较高,表现出一定的抗旱性;高渗透势的胁迫严重抑制了扁蓿豆胚芽和胚根的生长。以种子萌发期的相对发芽率、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数、相对胚根长和相对胚芽长等5项为指标,应用隶属函数法对12份扁蓿豆抗旱性进行综合评价,抗旱性强弱依次为：景泰＞陇西＞土默特＞镇原＞永昌＞天水＞榆中＞宁县＞夏河＞临夏＞陕西陇县＞渭源。 相似文献
2.
《干旱区研究》2018,(6)
以裸果木(Gymnocarpos przewalskii)种子为供试材料,在渗透势分别为-0. 3、-0. 5、-0. 7、-0. 9、-1. 2MPa条件下,以蒸馏水为对照(0 MPa),分析模拟水分(PEG-6000)和盐分(Na Cl)胁迫对种子萌发的影响,以确定其耐旱性和耐盐性。结果表明:两种胁迫均使裸果木种子的萌发受到明显抑制,聚乙二醇(PEG)胁迫使种子的萌发指数、活力指数和胚根长度均显著降低,渗透势≤-0. 7 MPa时,萌发率显著下降。Na Cl胁迫下萌发指数和胚根长度均显著降低,渗透势≤-0. 9 MPa时,萌发率显著降低,萌发指数、活力指数和胚根长度对水盐胁迫敏感,可作为评价裸果木种子萌发耐旱耐盐性的主要指标。等渗条件下,渗透势为-0. 7 MPa和-0. 9 MPa时,PEG胁迫下种子萌发率、活力指数、胚轴长度显著低于Na Cl胁迫;渗透势≤-0. 7 MPa时,PEG处理的发芽势、萌发指数明显低于Na Cl处理,说明影响裸果木种子萌发的主要因素是渗透胁迫,而不是离子毒害。种子萌发耐受PEG胁迫的临界值为-0. 8 MPa,极限值为-1. 1 MPa;耐受Na Cl胁迫的临界值为-1. 5 MPa,极限值为-2. 2 MPa,表明裸果木种子萌发期的耐盐性大于耐旱性。 相似文献
3.
PEG模拟干旱对胡麻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用PEG模拟干旱胁迫处理,研究胡麻种子萌发及幼苗生长情况.结果表明,PEG对成苗的影响大于萌发,低浓度PEG(5％)对萌发有促进作用,15％ PEG为适宜的胁迫浓度.在15％ PEG胁迫下,胡麻种子活力不同程度降低,主要表现在发芽指数(GI)、活力指数(Ⅵ)、下胚轴生长受到显著抑制,幼苗鲜重降低,但对初生根生长的影响... 相似文献
4.
不同程度干旱胁迫对油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长特性的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用不同渗透势聚乙二醇(PEG 6000)模拟干旱胁迫处理,观察油菜种子的萌发及生长状况.结果表明,干旱胁迫不同程度降低了油菜种子的萌发速率和出苗速率,-0.5～-1.0 MPa处理的最终发芽率随着渗透势的降低而显著降低,较对照降低了3.9%～86.9%,在-0.6～-1.0 MPa渗透势范围内不能成苗.试验7 d后将... 相似文献
5.
以天然生长于祁连山自然保护区隆畅河自然保护站的濒危植物蒙古扁桃(Prunus mongolica)去内果皮的种子为材料,以不同渗透势PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱条件,研究了种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的响应特征。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,蒙古扁桃种子吸胀速率、萌发率、萌发指数、活力指数、苗高和根长、组织饱和含水量等指标均表现出明显降低的趋势,而幼苗初生芽干重、根干重和根冠比均呈先升后降的趋势。蒙古扁桃种子对水势变化既敏感又抗旱,种子能够萌发的最低渗透势阈值为-0.65 MPa。干旱胁迫未能萌发的种子复水后萌发率较高。分析认为,蒙古扁桃种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的响应特征对种的延续具有重要意义,但在人工栽培时保证
土壤墒情应是保障建植成功的关键措施。 相似文献
6.
盐分、干旱及其交互胁迫对黑果枸杞发芽的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究土壤盐分和水分对黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum Murr.)萌发的影响,通过单因素等渗试验测定了PEG处理和NaCl处理对发芽率的影响.结果表明:黑果枸杞种子在水分胁迫下的临界值和极限值分别为-0.39MPa和-0.75 MPa,而在盐分胁迫下分别为-0.46 MPa和-0.8 MPa.以水分胁迫、NaCl胁迫和发芽温度为试验因子,以种子萌发率为响应值,运用中心组合试验设计(CCD)法,进行3因素5水平的响应面(RSM)分析试验.结果表明:3个因素对黑果枸杞种子发芽率的影响为:PEG＞ NaCl＞温度.试验结果表明:黑果枸杞在盐分和干旱双重胁迫下,极限耐受值范围为干旱胁迫-0.3～-0.5 MPa,盐分胁迫-0.6～-0.7 MPa. 相似文献
7.
干旱胁迫对芸豆种子萌发及生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用浓度水平分别为5%、10%、15%、20%和25%的聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）溶液,模拟干旱进行胁迫处理,研究干旱胁迫对芸豆种子萌发与幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明：发芽进程、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数等指标在轻度干旱胁迫时（5%）均无显著变化,随着干旱胁迫增加,萌发指标受到抑制作用而降低,胁迫越大,降幅越大;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性则随干旱胁迫增加呈先增后降的趋势,SOD、CAT酶活性在10%浓度PEG处理时达最大,而POD酶活性在15%浓度时最大;丙二醛、脯氨酸含量的变化则呈单峰曲线趋势。 相似文献
8.
本文对羊草、赖草与白草三种根茎型牧草进行了种子活力和幼苗耐旱性研究。结果表明:三种牧草种子萌发时需水量相对较低,为种子重量的0.4—0.46倍;种子活力与发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数呈正相关关系,白草的种子活力明显高于赖草和羊草;三种牧草幼苗的耐旱性与种子活力和种子萌发最低需水量有关,活力高的种子其幼苗耐旱能力强,萌发时最低需水量低的种子其幼苗耐旱能力强,白草幼苗的耐旱性强于赖草和羊草幼苗的耐旱性。 相似文献
9.
盐分和水分胁迫对补血草种子萌发的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
在不同昼夜温度条件下用不同浓度NaCl(mmol/L)溶液及等渗聚乙二醇溶液处理大叶补血草(Limo-nium gmelinii(Willd.)Kuntze)和耳叶补血草(Limonium otolepis(Schrenk)Kuntze)种子,分别测定其萌发率、发芽势和发芽指数,测定处理9 d未萌发的种子移入蒸馏水后的萌发恢复率,以研究温度、盐胁迫和模拟干旱胁迫对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:两种补血草种子萌发的最适温度为25~15℃,在蒸馏水中的萌发率最高,随着盐浓度和PEG6000溶液浓度的增加,种子的萌发率、发芽势和发芽指数递减,对萌发产生抑制作用;PEG6000溶液对种子的萌发抑制程度与等渗NaCl溶液相当。较高盐浓度和PEG6000溶液处理下的种子复水后萌发可以恢复。 相似文献
10.
PEG胁迫对三种豆科牧草种子萌发及幼苗生理影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本实验采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱,研究了不同干旱胁迫对三种多年生豆科牧草(白三叶、红豆草、紫花苜蓿)种子萌发与幼苗生理影响。结果表明:随着PEG浓度的升高,三种豆科牧草种子发芽率、发芽指数和叶片相对含水量都呈下降趋势;白三叶种子的发芽势在PEG浓度为10%时出现拐点。不同PEG胁迫下白三叶发芽率最高,紫花苜蓿较低;红豆草叶片相对含水量较高,且下降趋势平缓。随着PEG浓度胁迫加剧,白三叶和红豆草叶片SOD活性先升后降,紫花苜蓿叶片SOD活性先降后升;白三叶和红豆草叶片POD活性呈现"Z"变化;三种豆科牧草CAT和根系活力总体呈先升后降趋势,且红豆草CAT活性和根系活力最高。 相似文献
11.
In 1992 and 1993, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crops in Israel were heavily damaged by the western flower thrips (WFT),Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Adult females appear in the heads of sunflower just as the latter begin to blossom;
the population decreases towards completion of anthesis. The damage to kernels is greatest at the periphery of the heads,
where flowers appear first, and lowest at the center. Fields sown early in the season (in March) are usually the ones infested
most by WFT and suffering the greatest damage. Fields sown one month later are less infested, since predatory bugs of the
genusOrius are very active at that time. 相似文献
12.
Among several factors that influence silk yield, insect and non-insect pests form an important component. Of the insects that attack silkworm, the most important are the tachinid parasites which are commonly known as ujiflies. There are at least four species of ujifly that attack silkworms viz., Japanese ujifly, Crossocosmia sericariae (Rondani); Hime ujifly, Ctenophorocera pavida (Meigen); Tasar ujifly, Blepharipa zebina (Walker) and the Indian ujifly, Exorista bombycis (Louis). This review discusses distribution and history, taxonomy and bio-ecology of the ujifly. Among the different management practices used, cultural methods such as exclusion, i.e. fitting fly-proof wire mesh screens to the windows, ventilators and doors of rearing rooms and securing fly proof nylon net to individual trays, are found to be the most eco-friendly and economical. Other practices such as the use of hyper parasitoids, chemicals, chemosterilants, quarantine measures and lastly the integrated management practices have also been presented. 相似文献
13.
Dong Wang Xinghui Qiu Xuexiang Ren Fang Niu Kaiyun Wang 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,95(2):90-94
A Helicoverpa armigera population was collected from Shandong province, China. After 15 generations of selection in the laboratory, the H. armigera strain developed more than 20-fold resistance to spinosad. At LD50 level, no significant cross-resistance was found between spinosad and chlorpyrifos, methomyl, avermectin and chlorfenapyr except for fenvalerate with a low cross-resistance of 2.4-fold. However, LD99 values of fenvalerate against the parental and resistant strains were not different significantly. After inhibitors were used, spinosad resistance could be partially suppressed by piperonylbutoxide (PBO) and triphenylphosphate (TPP), but not by diethylmaleate (DEM). Activities of p-nitroanisole O-demethylase (ODM) developed to 8.26-fold compared with the parental strain, but no obvious changes were found in activities of carboxyl esterase (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The results indicated that resistance to spinosad in the cotton bollworm might be associated with an increase in cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. 相似文献
14.
Biological control was first considered shortly after the accidental introduction of Prostephanus truncatus in Africa in the early 1980's. This article reviews first the history of the biological control efforts with a focus on the results and recommendations of the initial international meetings and foreign exploration projects, followed by a discussion of the more important biocontrol agents, in particular the histerid Teretrius nigrescens. Since the release of T. nigrescens in Africa a number of techniques have been employed by different research groups to measure the effect of the natural enemy on P. truncatus, including pheromone trapping, field experiments, gut analysis grain store surveys, simulation modelling, and statistical and economic analysis the conclusions of these various studies have been largely equivocal, and the results of studies with recent data suggest that uncertainty is growing. Further resources and time are needed both for a proper evaluation and for the further development of control strategies compatible with biological control. 相似文献
15.
以豌豆修尾蚜为猎物的大草蛉两性生命表和捕食率 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确大草蛉Chrysopa pallens (Rambur)的发育、存活、繁殖和捕食能力,利用年龄-龄期两性生命表方法,在25 ℃、光周期L 15:D 9条件下研究了以豌豆修尾蚜Megoura japonica (Matsumura)为猎物的大草蛉的生命表及其捕食率。结果表明:大草蛉雌成虫个体的繁殖力为683.6±55.99粒,种群的内禀增长率、周限增长率、净增殖率和平均世代周期分别为0.1247/d、1.133/d、333.64粒/个体和46.5 d;大草蛉幼虫、雌成虫和雄成虫个体的平均捕食率分别为145.25、1 192.47和669.08头。若考虑存活率,个体的净捕食率为1 026.26头;从猎物种群到捕食者后代的转化率为3.08;种群个体的稳定捕食率和周限捕食率分别为5.49和6.22头。表明以豌豆修尾蚜为猎物时,大草蛉表现出较好的个体发育、种群增长和捕食特性,豌豆修尾蚜可作为大草蛉人工繁殖选择的猎物之一。 相似文献
16.
Tobacco streak virus in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jeanne Dijkstra 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1983,89(4):153-169
Tobacco streak virus (TSV) was isolated from a plant of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) showing severe necrosis and chlorosis in the leaves. The virus was identified as TSV by serology and, to some extent, by host range. The type of symptoms varied with the host plant in which the virus had been propagated in successive transfers. Test plants inoculated with the virus propagated inNicotiana rustica produced symptoms which very much differed from those brought about by the virus from eitherN. clevelandii orChenopodium amaranticolor.The significance of the host-mediated variation in symptoms is discussed.Samenvatting Tabaksstrepenvirus (TSV) werd geïsoleerd uit zonnebloem (Helianthus annuus) die sterke necrose en chlorose van de bladeren vertoonde. De identiteit van het virus werd vastgesteld op grond van serologische reacties en, tot op zekere hoogte, de symptomatologie. Het type symptoom op de toetsplanten bleek echter sterk afhankelijk te zijn van de plant waarvan het inoculum afkomstig was. Was het virus verschillende malen achtereen vermeerderd inNicotiana rustica dan waren de symptomen op de toetsplanten zeer verschillend van die, welke werden veroorzaakt door virus vermeerderd inN. clevelandii ofChenopodium amaranticolor. De betekenis van deze door de waardplant bewerkstelligde variatie in symptomen wordt besproken. 相似文献
17.
S. A. Podlipaev 《Phytoparasitica》1995,23(4):351-353
Trypanosomatid flagellates were found inCynanchum acutum L. (Asclepiadaceae) plants in Israel. 相似文献
18.
为明确蠋蝽Arma custos对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera幼虫的生物防控潜能,在室内条件下测定蠋蝽5龄若虫和雌、雄成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的捕食能力以及不同蠋蝽密度对自身捕食作用的影响。结果显示：蠋蝽5龄若虫和雌、雄成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ模型。蠋蝽5龄若虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的瞬时攻击率、处理时间和日最大捕食量分别为0.829、0.024 d和41.667头;蠋蝽雌成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的瞬时攻击率、处理时间和日最大捕食量分别为0.796、0.020 d和50.000头;蠋蝽雄成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的瞬时攻击率、处理时间和日最大捕食量分别为0.752、0.021 d和47.619头。蠋蝽5龄若虫和雌、雄成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的搜寻效应均随猎物密度的增加而逐渐降低。当棉铃虫幼虫密度固定时,单头蠋蝽的日捕食量随蠋蝽密度的增加而逐渐降低,蠋蝽对棉铃虫的捕食作用受到自身密度的干扰,5龄若虫和雌、雄成虫的干扰系数分别为0.548、0.702和0.772。表明蠋蝽5龄若虫及雌、雄成虫均对棉铃虫3龄幼虫具有一定的防控能力,且成虫对棉铃虫幼虫的防控能力大于5龄若虫。 相似文献
19.
The main fungi affecting black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were recorded during a survey which took place in northern Greece in 1997. It was found thatPhomopsis oncostoma (Thüm.) v. Höhn,Aglaospora profusa (Fr.) de Not. andCucurbitaria elongata (@#@ Fr.) Grev. cause necroses of twigs, branches and even entire trees. The pathogenicity of these fungi was confirmed by inoculation experiments in which typical disease symptoms appeared with re-isolation of the respective fungi from the inoculated plants. 相似文献
20.
为探究甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua中肠碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase protein 2,ALP2)是否为Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白的受体,采用同源克隆和RACE技术克隆了编码alp2基因的完整c DNA序列,利用荧光定量PCR比较了甜菜夜蛾幼虫中肠不同龄期ALP2表达量的差异,利用Ligand blot方法检测了中肠ALP2与Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白的结合。结果表明,alp2基因序列全长1 629 bp(Gen Bank序列号为KP420013),编码542个氨基酸,预测在氨基酸序列N端包含1个由21个氨基酸组成的信号肽,在C端存在1个GPI修饰的锚定位点,且在整个氨基酸序列中存在多个糖基化修饰位点。在整个甜菜夜蛾幼虫期均有ALP2表达,但不同龄期的表达量差异显著,1龄幼虫期表达量最低,4龄幼虫期最高。Ligand blot方法检测结果表明原核表达的ALP2片段与活化的Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白可以结合。研究表明,甜菜夜蛾中肠的ALP2可能是Cry1Ac的受体之一。 相似文献