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1.
不同质地土壤应用保水剂效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过盆栽试验,对保水剂在砂土、壤土和粘土上的保水效果进行了研究,结果表明:(1)对于土壤水吸力变化而言,沙土、壤土分别添加保水剂(SAP)5 g和10 g(即处理B5和B10)均低于不添加SAP(处理B0),但随着SAP用量的增加,水吸力并没有表现出减小的趋势,沙土均30.4 kPa,壤土均80 kPa;粘土在低水吸力范围内与砂土、壤土相似,30 kPa各处理效果不明显。(2)对于土壤含水量而言,沙土的B10处理在含水量上显著高于其它处理,然而综合考虑水吸力和含水量时,沙土在15 kPa水吸力范围内,B10处理虽供水性较强,但土壤持水性变差,B1处理持水性较好,供水性在作物可利用范围内;壤土的处理效果不如沙土,壤土在同一水吸力下,处理B5含水量始终处于较高水平,均高于19%,且在30 kPa的吸力范围有较高的持水性和供水性;粘土土壤水吸力与含水量二者的关系相对比较复杂,B5处理在不同吸力范围内出现相反的保水效果,其机理有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

2.
保水剂用量对土壤水分的影响   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  
为确定保水剂的合理用量,于2008年5月在陕西米脂县进行保水剂不同用量玉米盆栽试验研究.盆栽试验设置了保水剂不同用量(0、30、40、50、60 g)五个处理及保水剂与风干黄绵土配比用量(0、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.30%)6个处理,分别研究了保水剂不同用量与土壤水势、土壤含水量的关系及对土壤持水时间的影响.试验结果表明,土壤含水量高(>18%)时各处理土壤水吸力十分接近,在土壤吸水力相同时,随着保水剂用量的提高其土壤含水量也随着提高;保水剂用量越大的处理玉米存活的时间也越长,0.20%和0.30%处理玉米存活时间较对照长3 d;综合分析表明本试验中保水剂与黄绵土配比0.20%和0.3%应用效果较好.  相似文献   

3.
为探究生物炭的施入量对和田风沙土水力特性的影响,设置了5个生物炭施用量处理,质量比(生物炭质量/干土质量)分别为0%(CK)、4%(T1)、8%(T2)、12%(T3)、16%(T4),利用离心机法获取土壤水分与吸力关系,定水头法获得饱和土壤导水率,通过VG-M组合模型拟合土壤水分特征曲线,探究生物炭对风沙土持水性、土壤水分有效性、释水性和导水规律的影响。结果表明:生物炭显著影响了风沙土的持水特性,改变了其孔隙分布规律,对VG模型参数θ_s、θ_r、α、n均有不同程度的影响。随着生物炭的增加,田间持水量(体积含水量)由19.42%增加到30.64%,全有效水含量由18.15%增加到25.63%,萎蔫系数由1.27%增加到5.01%,饱和导水率平均降低80.93%,各处理的比水容量在PF=1.8～3.8(土壤水吸力对数值)阶段为T3T4T2T1CK,在相同的土壤含水量下各处理的非饱和导水率表现为CKT1T2T3T4,毛管孔隙比例与生物炭用量呈二次函数趋势变化。生物炭能够改善风沙土的孔隙结构,增大其有效水分含量,减小其入渗速率。从土壤水力特性角度出发,利用生物炭改良和田风沙土生物炭适宜的施入量为12%。  相似文献   

4.
为明确秸秆还田对东北黑土水分特征及物理性质的影响,设置秸秆覆盖还田（FG）、秸秆翻埋还田（FM）和秸秆不还田翻耕(FD)3个处理,测定土壤含水量、水分特征曲线、容重、硬度、土壤三相比及结构稳定性等参数。结果表明：（1）秸秆覆盖还田可显著提高春季耕层（0~30 cm）土壤含水量,较秸秆不还田翻耕处理增幅为11.17%~150.84%;不同处理耕层土壤在水吸力中吸力段土壤含水量变化曲线平滑,秸秆覆盖还田处理具有较高的土壤持水性。（2）秸秆还田能显著提高土壤水分有效性,与秸秆不还田翻耕处理相比,秸秆覆盖还田处理0~10 cm土层土壤田间持水量提高4.85%~11.03%,土壤凋萎系数提高10.85%~18.00%;秸秆翻埋还田处理0~10 cm土层土壤重力水增加9.65%~80.73%。秸秆翻埋还田提升了土壤供水能力,土壤比水容量较秸秆不还田翻耕处理增加4.8%~10.0%。（3）与秸秆不还田翻耕处理相比,秸秆还田降低了收获后土壤紧实度,降低幅度为0.18~0.31 MPa;秸秆覆盖还田增加表层土壤容重,降低土壤孔隙度,促进三相结构趋于合理,显著增加土壤结构稳定性。（4）皮尔森相关分析表明,三相比R值与结构距离（r=0.73*）、土壤容重（r=0.70*）相关性显著,在一定范围内三相比R值的增加有利于改善并促进土壤结构稳定。综上可知,东北黑土农田实施秸秆还田是提高春季土壤含水量、增强土壤持水性、提升土壤供水能力、调节土壤紧实性、调控土壤三相比、改善土壤结构和提高土壤宜耕性的有效措施。  相似文献   

5.
干旱胁迫下保水剂对苗木生长及生理的影响   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
在盆栽条件下,对不同保水剂处理的土壤吸持水特性以及云南拟单性木兰和绒叶含笑苗的水分生理、生长状况进行试验研究。结果表明,随着保水剂用量的增加,土壤保水能力和供水能力增加,苗木在有限水分条件下生存期延长3-91 d,地径、树高、新增叶片分别增加了16.7％-461.2％,22.7％-368.2％,42.9％-372.7％;随着保水剂用量增加,土壤容重下降了6.2％-35.1％,总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度明显增加了3.6％-20.3％和5.9％-22.6％;在有限水分条件下,通过不同保水剂处理能减少水分的胁迫,净光合速率增长8.9％-461.2％,蒸腾速率增长了22.2％-518.7％,气孔导度增长了4.2％-512.5％。  相似文献   

6.
生草和树枝覆盖对果园土壤持水性能的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
针对黄土高原枣园普遍盛行传统清耕制,将生草及覆盖技术引入枣园生产中,于2011—2013年采用人工土槽模拟研究方法,探讨不同生草和覆盖措施对枣树地土壤持水性能的影响。结果表明:生草与枣树枝覆盖能有效改善土壤物理结构、提高土壤孔隙度、降低土壤容重;各处理土壤水分蓄持能力及比水容量均按枣树枝半覆盖+白三叶生草、枣树枝全覆盖、白三叶生草覆盖和清耕处理依次递减,处理间的差异在高吸力阶段更为明显;与清耕处理相比,生草与覆盖处理土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量、凋萎系数均有提高,枣树枝半覆盖+白三叶生草处理增加最为明显,分别增加9%、20%、33%。  相似文献   

7.
通过连续6年定位试验,探究较长时间施用生物炭对土壤保水作用的影响,以期为■土区水土保持和土壤改良提供理论参考。田间试验于2011年开始,设4个生物炭施用梯度:对照,不施生物炭(B0);5 t·hm~(-2)(B5);10 t·hm~(-2)(B10);20 t·hm~(-2)(B20)。在2017年测定了土壤含水量、土壤基础理化性质和水分累积蒸发量等。结果表明:生物炭能够显著减小土壤容重、增加土壤孔隙度、饱和含水量和田间持水量,且随着生物炭施入量的增加,各指标变化幅度也增大,B20与B0处理相比,土壤容重减少了8.28%,毛管孔隙度增加了20.17%,饱和含水量与田间持水量分别增加了22.17%和14.86%;生物炭显著增加了土壤团聚体稳定性,B20与B0处理相比,土壤水稳性团聚体含量增加了19.00%,团聚体破坏率和不稳定团粒指数分别降低了11.34%和9.61%;生物炭还可有效抑制土壤水分的蒸发,B10和B20处理的土壤累积蒸发量分别比B0处理减少了7.45%和10.18%。结合逐步回归分析与通径分析发现,生物炭对土壤结构的改良是其促进土壤持水能力的主要原因。土壤孔隙度和有机碳含量是影响土壤饱和含水量的主要因子,影响土壤毛管持水量的主要因子为有机碳含量和土壤毛管孔隙度,而毛管孔隙度与水稳性团聚体含量则解释了绝大部分土壤田间持水量的变化。研究表明生物炭施用可以显著改良土壤结构,提升■土持水性能,增加干旱半干旱地区土壤的蓄水保墒能力。  相似文献   

8.
沃特多功能保水剂保水性能研究   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  
通过室内实验对沃特多功能保水剂在黄土高原主要类型土壤持水性能及保水作用的研究,结果表明:该保水剂在土壤持水方面,对黑垆土效果最明显,持水性均高于对照。而对土和黄绵土来讲,效果不太明显。但在土壤导水方面,黄绵土的改善效果最明显,饱和导水率随保水剂用量的增多而增大;对黑垆土导水率的提高也有一定的作用;对于土来讲饱和导水率在施入保水剂后反而降低。在土壤抗蒸发方面,保水剂抗蒸发作用明显,随用量的增多而各土壤的蒸发量减少。  相似文献   

9.
通过连续6年定位试验,探究较长时间施用生物炭对土壤保水作用的影响,以期为塿土区水土保持和土壤改良提供理论参考。田间试验于2011年开始,设4个生物炭施用梯度：对照,不施生物炭（B0）;5 t·hm-2（B5）;10 t·hm-2（B10）;20 t·hm-2（B20）。在2017年测定了土壤含水量、土壤基础理化性质和水分累积蒸发量等。结果表明：生物炭能够显著减小土壤容重、增加土壤孔隙度、饱和含水量和田间持水量,且随着生物炭施入量的增加,各指标变化幅度也增大,B20与B0处理相比,土壤容重减少了8.28%,毛管孔隙度增加了20.17%,饱和含水量与田间持水量分别增加了22.17%和14.86%;生物炭显著增加了土壤团聚体稳定性,B20与B0处理相比,土壤水稳性团聚体含量增加了19.00%,团聚体破坏率和不稳定团粒指数分别降低了11.34%和9.61%;生物炭还可有效抑制土壤水分的蒸发,B10和B20处理的土壤累积蒸发量分别比B0处理减少了7.45%和10.18%。结合逐步回归分析与通径分析发现,生物炭对土壤结构的改良是其促进土壤持水能力的主要原因。土壤孔隙度和有机碳含量是影响土壤饱和含水量的主要因子,影响土壤毛管持水量的主要因子为有机碳含量和土壤毛管孔隙度,而毛管孔隙度与水稳性团聚体含量则解释了绝大部分土壤田间持水量的变化。研究表明生物炭施用可以显著改良土壤结构,提升塿土持水性能,增加干旱半干旱地区土壤的蓄水保墒能力。  相似文献   

10.
聚丙烯酸钠的释水特征及对土壤物理参数的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
聚丙烯酸钠作为保水剂的一种,在农业应用中能够防止水土流失,改善土壤水分状况,促进作物增产,提高作物品质。通过室内试验分析了聚丙烯酸钠的释水特征及土壤中混施不同比例(0、0.3%、0.5%、1%和1.5%)聚丙烯酸钠对土壤饱和导水率、收缩比和紧实度的影响。研究结果表明,聚丙烯酸钠释水与混施土壤后释水存在较大差异,100%聚丙烯酸钠在1.5 MPa吸力条件下能保持46.4%的水分,而在干土中可以快速100%的释放水分;随着土壤聚丙烯酸钠用量的增加,土壤透水性急剧降低,均匀混施达到1%时,饱和导水率接近0 m·d~(-1);干燥后土壤紧实度和收缩比增加,导致聚丙烯酸钠的农业应用也存在一定的潜在风险。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

15.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

17.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

18.
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.  相似文献   

19.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

20.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

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