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1.
1998～1999年在田间条件下布置了毛白杨VA菌根(包括根内球囊霉菌和单孢球囊霉菌)与外生菌根硬皮马勃混合接种试验.结果表明接种菌根菌对毛白杨苗高生长量有促进作用,且以根内球囊霉菌作用最明显,单孢球囊霉菌处理次之,硬皮马勃处理最差.水涝大大降低人工接种菌根菌的效果,严重影响VA菌根和外生菌根菌单独接种及混合接种的效应,根内球囊霉菌甚至会抑制毛白杨苗木的高生长,VA菌根和外生菌根间的负交互作用也不对苗高生长产生影响.菌根真菌的感染率随时间变化出现较大的波动和变化. 相似文献
2.
马占相思菌根调查及人工接种结果表明：马占相思在自然界能形成外生菌根及VA菌根。在贫瘠的立地条件下，外生菌根的子实体多；在较肥沃的立地条件下，外生菌根的子实体少，优势外生菌根菌是多根硬皮马勃菌（Sclerioerma polyrhium)。马占相思对VA菌有较强的选择性和其特定的优势VA菌根菌，即从马占思根部分离的VA菌。用优势外生菌根菌 及优势VA菌根菌对马占相思苗木进行接种，都能形成菌根，且都能显著地提高马占思的生长。马占思优势VA菌接种效果优于多种硬皮马勃菌。 相似文献
3.
马占相思菌根调查及人工接种结果表明 :马占相思在自然界能形成外生菌根及VA菌根。在贫瘠的立地条件下 ,外生菌根的子实体多 ;在较肥沃的立地条件下 ,外生菌根的子实体少 ,优势外生菌根菌是多根硬皮马勃菌 (Sclerioermapolyrhium)。马占相思对VA菌有较强的选择性和其特定的优势VA菌根菌 ,即从马占相思根部分离的VA菌。用优势外生菌根菌及优势VA菌根菌对马占相思苗木进行接种 ,都能形成菌根 ,且都能显著地提高马占相思的生长。马占相思优势VA菌接种效果优于多根硬皮马勃菌 相似文献
4.
为探讨黎蒴(Castanopsis fissa)与菌根食药用菌的共生效应,利用7个菌根食药用菌菌种对黎蒴幼苗进行接种试验.结果表明,接种48周后,接种粗柄白磨9006菌株、黑孢块菌9004菌株、红根须腹菌9480菌株、黄硬皮马勃0207菌株和彩色豆马勃0003菌株的黎蒴苗高与未接种植株相比增幅大于等于10.48％;黄硬皮马勃0207菌株苗高显著高于未接种处理(P＜0.05);红根须腹菌9480菌株生物量表现最优,其次为黄硬皮马勃0207、彩色豆马勃0003和黑孢块菌9004菌株;黎蒴对7个菌根食药用菌种的菌根感染率均在82.6％以上.华南地区珍稀野生菌正红菇0204菌株和鳞盖红菇0005菌株对黎蒴苗高生长促进不明显,但总生物量优于未接种处理,以正红菇0204菌株最优.综合比较,红根须腹菌9480菌株接种黎蒴苗可建立显著促进黎蒴苗期生长的高效共生体,而0204菌株接种黎蒴苗木是营造黎蒴食用菌林的理想菌株. 相似文献
5.
菌根菌接种对白皮松生长影响试验初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对白皮松小树和古树的共生菌根菌的分离鉴定,并采用彩色豆马勃菌剂进行接种试验.结果表明,与白皮松共生的菌根菌均为外生菌根菌,不同生长地点的白皮松的共生菌根菌数量和种类不完全相同,但多数种类相同;接种彩色豆马勃菌剂能显著地促进白皮松小树树高的生长,但对地围的促进作用不显著;对白皮松古树接种彩色豆马勃菌剂,能显著地促进新发枝条和针束的生长,从而促进古树复壮. 相似文献
6.
利用3个内生菌根菌和10个外生菌根菌接种滨海木麻黄苗,测定小苗的树高、地径、地上干质量、地下干质量、总生物量和保存率.结果表明:接种两种菌根菌后能显著地促进滨海木麻黄苗期的生长;滨海木麻黄对供试的内生菌根菌和外生菌根菌的菌根依赖性都属于中等强度或较弱的依赖性;接种菌根菌后滨海木麻黄苗的保存率比对照显著提高;苏格兰球囊霉90068、地表球囊霉9004、苏格兰球囊霉90036、黄硬皮马勃0207、松茸和彩色豆马勃9705在促进滨海木麻黄苗期生长和提高保存率上都有较好的效果,可在滨海木麻黄苗期接种应用. 相似文献
7.
我国南方桉树人工林菌根合成及其多样性研究(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对我国南方部分地区桉树人工林菌根真菌资源和菌根类型进行了调查 .对采自广东、云南 15个桉树林地的根系样品进行了显微观察 ,结果证实了在自然土壤中桉树能形成不同类型的菌根 ,检查的根样在不同程度上均有菌根菌的感染 .其中 ,有 4个人工林的根系样品AM感染率在 50 %以上 ,另有 4个根样ECM感染根段长超过 50m .调查发现林分年龄大小对菌根形成及菌根类型有一定的影响 ,表现在幼林及过熟林菌根感染率均较低 ,而 4～ 7年生按树林菌根感染率相对较高 ,在同一根系上AM与ECM菌间存在一定的竞争性 .在菌根菌资源方面 ,从总体上来说 ,我国南方菌根菌资源较少 ,尤其是ECM菌 .调查结果表明 ,我国南方桉树人工林根际土壤中有AM菌 2 8种 ,隶属于 4个属 ,其中以球囊霉属真菌最多 ,占 6 4 % ;地球囊霉在所采集的土样中出现的频度最高 .南方 15个桉树人工林中发现有 17种ECM菌 ,隶属 10个属 ,其中彩色豆马勃、多根硬皮马勃、光硬皮马勃等菌种在两广地区许多桉林中较常见 ,云南地区则多以黄须腹菌、硬皮马勃等菌较多 .这些ECM菌通常生长于松树林中 ,能否与引进的桉属树种形成较好的菌根还有待于进一步研究 .本文对自然条件下混合菌根的形成及真菌间的竞争关系进行了讨论 相似文献
8.
毛白杨外生菌根类型及其生态学特性的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
根据形态和解剖特征,将中原地区的毛白杨外生菌根划分成14种类型,它们与宿主的共生关系大多差或极差。菌根分布特征指标统计结果表明,毛白杨(Populus tomentoso)林地土壤中,普遍缺乏能与毛白杨形成良好共生关系的外生菌根真菌,共生关系良好的菌根主要分布在pH值小于7.5的土壤中;共生关系差或极差的菌根和假菌根则在强碱性土壤中占优势,土壤pH大于7.5的育苗地中,毛白杨幼苗形成的菌根比较单一,以假菌根-5号类型为主。树木年龄对毛白杨林的菌根形成没有影响。 相似文献
9.
松柏类树种为菌根树种,为延缓松柏古树的衰老,对松柏古树进行接种彩色豆马勃、美味牛肝菌和丝膜菌试验。结果表明:接种后古树的生长量、叶绿素含量、根系活力和根系侵染率均有增加,尤其是根系活力增加。白皮松接种彩色豆马勃效果优于丝膜菌,桧柏接种丝膜菌效果最优。接种菌根菌后,能降低土壤的p H值,提高土壤有机质,对土壤中的速效氮、有效磷也起到较好的调节作用。 相似文献
10.
采用菌根组织分离法,从油松幼苗根系分离出4种菌根真菌,经鉴定为多根硬皮马勃、高环柄菇、尖顶丝膜菌和丝膜菌.对4个菌种培养基质和特性的研究表明,多根硬皮马勃在酸性麦芽汁琼脂培养基和豆芽汁蔗糖琼脂培养基上生长最快,而高环柄菇适宜在查氏合成培养基上培养,尖顶丝膜菌和丝膜菌适宜在各种天然培养基上培养.4种菌根真菌对镰刀菌的拮抗试验表明,尖顶丝膜菌的拮抗性最强,其次为高环柄菇和丝膜菌,多根硬皮马勃无拮抗性.4种菌根真菌和镰刀菌对3种农药的抗性试验表明,4种菌根真菌的抗药性明显不同,多根硬皮马勃抗药性最强,丝膜菌对多菌灵抗药性最强,尖顶丝膜菌对各种农药的抗性居中,镰刀菌对多菌灵的抗药性最弱.综合分析认为,尖顶丝膜菌是抗油松猝倒病的优良菌剂. 相似文献
11.
Maman?Turjaman Yutaka?Tamai Hendrik?Segah Suwido Hester?Limin Joo Young?Cha Mitsuru?Osaki Keitaro?Tawaraya
Trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae are the dominant trees in Southeast Asian tropical forests where they play an important ecological role and are also important commercially. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi on the growth of dipterocarp species in peat soils. Seedlings of Shorea pinanga were inoculated with spores of two ectomycorrhizal fungi, Pisolithus arhizus and Scleroderma sp. were grown in pots containing sterilized peat soil for 7 months. The percentage of ectomycorrhizal colonization on S. pinanga exceeded 86%. Colonization of S. pinanga roots by ectomycorrhizal fungi resulted in increased shoot height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and shoot fresh and dry weight. Survival rates of S. pinanga were greater for inoculated seedlings than control seedlings. These results suggest that inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi can improve the early growth of S. pinanga grown in tropical forests and that this technique will accelerate the rehabilitation of degraded dipterocarp forests. 相似文献
12.
European black truffles can be profitable agroforestry crops outside their native ranges. Truffle fungi grow symbiotically
as ectomycorrhizae on the roots of host trees, notably hazels and oaks. Conditions in the central USA appear conducive to
cultivation of the Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vitt. syn. T. uncinatum Chatin), but research is needed to determine effects of management practices on truffle establishment and fruiting. In a
greenhouse study we tested the effect of lime type, inoculation technique, and two truffle sources on Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) growth and mycorrhizal colonization. We found that the type of lime used to raise potting mix pH can differentially affect
the growth rate of root systems inoculated with different selections of Burgundy truffle inoculum. Seedlings inoculated with
one selection of the truffle and grown in potting mixes amended with natural crushed dolomitic limestone developed larger
root systems with more truffle mycorrhizae compared with potting mix amended with high-calcium pelletized quick-release lime.
Seedlings inoculated with a second truffle selection were not affected by lime source and developed root systems as large
as those developed with the first truffle source grown with natural lime. Supplemental root dip inoculation did not improve
levels of colonization beyond those accomplished by potting mix infestation with truffle ascospores. Use of a hygroscopic
polymer to maintain ascospore suspension in the inoculum slurry used to infest the potting mix had no effect on root system
development or mycorrhiza formation. 相似文献
13.
《Forest Ecology and Management》1997,98(1):61-69
During the rainy season, putative ectomycorrhizal fungi were observed under three species of Caesalpinioideae Afzelia africana Sm., Isoberlinia doka Craib. and Stapf. and Isoberlinia dalziellii Craib. and Stapf., one species of Dipterocarpaceae Monotes kerstingii Gilg. and two species of Euphorbiaceae Uapaca guineensis Müll. Arg. and Uapaca somon Aub. and Lean. The fungi belong to the orders of Agaricales, Aphyllophorales, Boletales, Cantharellales, Gautieriales, Hymenogastrales, Russulales and Sclerodermatales. Some of these fungal species e.g. Lactarius gymnocarpus Heim., Cantharellus pseudofriesii Heinem., Scleroderma dictyosporum Pat., Scleroderma verrucosum Pers., Scleroderma sp2 and Russula sp1, are common to the tropical tree families known to form ectomycorrhizas. A few species of these fungi e.g. Amanita hemibapha (Berk. and Br.) Sacc., Inocybe sp1, Boletellus sp3, Lactarius sp2 and Xerocomus subspinulosus Heinem., are observed only under mycorrhizal trees belonging to the group of Caesalpinioideae legumes. However, seven fungal species Coltricia cinnamomea (Pers.) Murr., Boletellus sp5, Austrogautiera sp. (hypogeous), Lactarius sp1, Russula annulata Heim., Russula sp2 and Scleroderma sp1 seem more specific to the Uapaca species. In all, twenty-seven putative ectomycorrhizal fungi were recovered and only five fungal species were isolated from sporocarps and maintained in pure culture. Four Scleroderma species were confirmed as mycorrhizal fungi on A. africana, Isoberlinia spp. and two East African trees, Brachystegia speciformis Benth. and Afzelia quanzensis Welw. The two Uapaca species, B. speciformis and M. kerstingii possess both arbuscular mycorrhizas and ectomycorrhizas. 相似文献
14.
Pathogenic fungi can survive and develop in living plants, often causing diseases in the host. Some theories speculate that pathogenic ophiostomatoid fungi provide benefits to its vectors – bark beetles – by overcoming the tree's defence mechanisms. This study reports the results of an experiment in south‐eastern Europe in which mature and seedling Norway spruce trees were artificially inoculated with various ophiostomatoid fungi. The aim of the experiment was to determine the relative virulence of ophiostomatoid fungi by assessing the ability of the fungi to stimulate host tree defence mechanisms through inoculation experiments. Experiments were performed by inoculation of Picea abies in seedling and mature trees. The following fungi were used in low‐density and seedling inoculations: Ophiostoma ainoae, O. brunneo‐ciliatum, Grosmannia cucullata and an unidentified Leptographium sp., O. bicolor, O. fuscum, O. piceae, G. penicillata and G. piceiperda. Endoconidiophora polonica was used in mass and seedling inoculations. Various characteristics such as host vitality, blue stain, lesion and resin outflow were measured before and after the trees were felled. E. polonica caused blue stain, induced large lesions and killed some of the mature trees and seedlings, confirming earlier reports that it is a strong wound pathogen. Only E. polonica, Leptographium sp. and O. ainoae caused blue stains in the sapwood of inoculated seedlings. In low‐density inoculations, G. piceiperda induced intense necrosis and had higher values for all the characteristics monitored. Some of the other ophiostomatoid fungi showed a moderate level of pathogenicity. Fungi with the capacity to stimulate a host defence mechanism could play a role in the establishment of bark beetle populations. 相似文献
15.
Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz Christel Baum Peter Leinweber Martin Weih Ioannis Dimitriou 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
Rotation periods control not only the above-ground growth but also the assimilate transfer to the root systems in Short Rotation Coppice (SRC). Since assimilates are needed for the nutrient supply of associated mycorrhizal fungi, their control by rotation period length seems most probable. One poplar (Populus nigra × maximowiczii cv. Max 4) and one willow clone (Salix viminalis clone 78–101) cultivated as SRC were investigated on their ectomycorrhiza formation in response to 15 years of continuous different rotation periods (three and six years) at the same test site in Northern Germany. On the poplar clone the frequency of ectomycorrhizae was significantly lower in 6-year than in 3-year rotation. On the willow clone frequency of ectomycorrhizae was not significantly affected, but the portion of dead fine roots was significantly higher in the 6-year than in the 3-year rotation in autumn. In both rotation systems, the frequency of ectomycorrhizal (EM) colonisation was significantly higher in autumn than in spring. Five EM morphotypes were found on the poplar and seven on the willow clone. EM morphotypes which were common on both clones were formed with two fungal partners of the Pezizales (Geopora cervina, Tuber rufum), one of the Agaricales (Laccaria sp.) and one of the Thelephorales (Thelephoraceae). In spring G. cervina constituted the largest part of all observed EM morphotypes on P. nigra × maximowiczii and S. viminalis. The results indicated a selective promotion of EM formation of some Pezizales (Tuber and Peziza spp.) and some Agaricales (Laccaria spp.) due to shorter rotations, and a selective promotion of other Agaricales (Inocybe sp.) and Boletales (Scleroderma spp.) due to longer rotations. This might allow selective manipulation of the mycorrhizal diversity by the selection of the rotation system. A future challenge will be to select which mycorrhizal diversity might be more advantageous for the vitality and biomass production of poplar and willow clones. 相似文献
16.
本文研究了Boletus griseus Frost.(灰盖牛肝菌),Boletus sp.和Suillus grevillei (Klotz.) Sing. (厚环乳牛肝菌)3株菌根菌在纯培养条件下对温度、pH、盐浓度和水势等4个因子的生态适应性以及同油松和湿地松纯培养合成菌根的能力。结果表明,pH和盐浓度对菌根菌生长的影响比较小,而温度和水势则对真菌的生长具有很大的影响。其中B.sp.与S.grevillei具有很强的生态适应能力,而B.griseus则稍差。此外,结果还表明PEG4000可能会促进菌根菌在液体培养中的生长。在菌根纯培养合成研究中,共形成5种菌根,其中油松-B.griseus属新发现的外生菌根。5种菌根中,以油松-S.grevillei和湿地松-B.griseus较为理想。 相似文献
17.
报道４３种澳大利亚及２种国产外生菌根菌株在广东尾叶桉人工林上的筛选试验的初期研究结果。分别对试验林６、１２和２４个月的生长情况进行了调查,数据分析结果表明,与未接种对照林木相比,接种试验林在树高和地径（或胸径）生长量上均表现出显著的接种优势（Ｐ〈０．０１）;接种林３次调查平均树高生长量最大增幅分别为２６．１％、３３．７％和２７．４％,地径（或胸径）最大增幅分别为１９．２％、２１．５９％和１９．３２％;２４个月时每公顷材积最大幅为５６．８％。Ｅ０７１０（Ｌａｃｃａｒｉａ）、Ｈ４６７０（Ｌａｂｙｒｉｎｔｈｏｍｙｃｅｓ）、Ｅ４５０１（Ａｍａｎｉｔａ）、Ｅ２０１３（Ｌａｃｃａｒｉａ）、Ｃ９３０１（Ｐｉｓｏｌｉｔｈｕｓ）、Ｈ１２７２（Ｓｃｌｅｒｏｄｅｒｍａ）、Ｈ１１９４（Ｔｈａｘｔｅｒｏｇａｓｔｅｒ）、Ｈ０６０３（Ｓｃｌ 相似文献
18.
Twenty‐nine fungi that were isolated from seeds and female cones of Podocarpus falcatus from natural forests in Ethiopia, were assessed for their impact on seeds and seedlings of the same host. Based on the results from in vitro seed inoculation tests, we could group the fungi into five categories as: (i) isolates that were pathogenic only to seeds and had no obvious impacts on the germlings; (ii) isolates that were pathogenic only to the germlings; (iii) isolates that were pathogenic both to seeds and the emerging germlings; (iv) isolates that were more or less harmless; and (v) isolates that were germination promoters. Inoculation tests were also performed on 4–7‐day‐old aseptically grown seedlings. Fusarium oxysporum and Polyporus sp., were strongly pathogenic to both seeds and seedlings, while Nectria gliocladioides, Peniophora cinerea and Pestalotiopsis neglecta also demonstrated pathogenicity but to a lesser extent. Other isolates, e.g. Diaporthe spp. resulted in increased germination of P. falcatus seeds and no pathogenicity to seedlings. However, further investigations are required in order to find out how these fungi behave under nursery or field conditions. 相似文献
19.
Pratima Devkota John K. Mensah Ryan L. Nadel George Matusick Lori G. Eckhardt 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(1)
Bark beetle‐vectored ophiostomatoid fungi, Leptographium terebrantis, is inoculated on the roots and lower stems of stressed Pinus species during the feeding activity of bark beetle. To determine the exact host response following inoculation, it is critical to challenge the host with a realistic amount of fungal inoculum. Thus, we designed a series of stepwise experiments using L. terebrantis colonized toothpicks which focused on the inoculum transfer from the toothpicks to excised Pinus taeda stem segments and living saplings, respectively, at different inoculum densities. The toothpicks served as a substrate for fungal growth and sporulation and the inoculation showed their utility in eliciting host's response to the pathogen. The inoculated fungus caused blue‐stain and sapwood occlusions in P. taeda stems and saplings, respectively. The volume of occluded, visually damaged sapwood increased by 1.96 cm3 per radial inoculation point on average. Fungal colonized toothpicks can be used as a suitable alternative to agar discs for studying bark beetles vectored fungi and their host interactions. 相似文献
20.
Host specificity of co‐infecting Botryosphaeriaceae on ornamental and forest trees in the Western Balkans 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Botryosphaeriaceae is a diverse family of endophytes and fungal pathogens of mainly woody plants. We considered the host range and distribution of these fungi by sampling diseased ornamental and forest trees and shrubs in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, spanning a Mediterranean and a Continental climatic region. In total, ten Botryosphaeriaceae species were identified in the Western Balkans and with the exception of Sphaeropsis visci and Phaeobotryon cupressi, which occurred on one host, all the species had a broader host range. Phaeobotryon cupressi was found only in the Mediterranean region and S. visci, Dothiorella sp., Dothiorella sarmentorum and Diplodia seriata were present only in the Continental region. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on a variety of hosts from which the Botryosphaeriaceae species were isolated. These included leaves and/or stems of seedlings of 21 hosts, and cut leaves and/or branches of six hosts. Moreover, stems of seedlings of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Cedrus deodara, Picea omorika, Pinus patula and Eucalyptus grandis were inoculated as hosts from which some or all of the Botryosphaeriaceae species used for inoculation were not isolated. Inoculations showed that the majority of these fungi could also co‐infect hosts other than those from which they were isolated. The results suggest that most of the species have broad host ranges and can potentially cause disease on a broad range of tree species under certain conditions. 相似文献