共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
以电化学方法得到一系列的萘衍生物聚合膜。通过Ｘ－光电子能谱，反射红外光谱方法研究了聚（１－萘胺）的聚合形式。采用量子化学计算得到本文所研究的萘衍生物的电荷密度、分子总能量等电子结构参数。发现这些聚合物ｐＨ响应与其电子结构参数有一定的关系。 相似文献
2.
Prinz GA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4984):1092-1097
Ultrahigh-vacuum growth techniques are now being used to grow single-crystal films of magnetic materials. These growth procedures, carried out in the same molecular beam epitaxy systems commonly used for the growth of semiconductor films, have yielded a variety of new materials and structures that may prove useful for integrated electronics and integrated optical device applications. Examples are given for growth on GaAs and ZnSe, including magnetic sandwiches and patterned structures. 相似文献
3.
Wear limits the life-span of many mechanical devices with moving parts. To reduce wear, lubricants are frequently enriched with additives, such as zinc phosphates, that form protective films on rubbing surfaces. Using first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of films derived from commercial additives, we unraveled the molecular origin of how antiwear films can form, function, and dissipate energy. These effects originate from pressure-induced changes in the coordination number of atoms acting as cross-linking agents to form chemically connected networks. The proposed mechanism explains a diverse body of experiments and promises to prove useful in the rational design of antiwear additives that operate on a wider range of surface materials, with reduced environmental side effects. 相似文献
4.
Biomimetic Pathways for Assembling Inorganic Thin Films 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
IA Aksay M Trau S Manne I Honma N Yao L Zhou P Fenter PM Eisenberger SM Gruner 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5277):892-898
Living organisms construct various forms of laminated nanocomposites through directed nucleation and growth of inorganics at self-assembled organic templates at temperatures below 100°C and in aqueous solutions. Recent research has focused on the use of functionalized organic surfaces to form continuous thin films of single-phase ceramics. Continuous thin films of mesostructured silicates have also been formed on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces through a two-step mechanism. First, under acidic conditions, surfactant micellar structures are self-assembled at the solid/liquid interface, and second, inorganic precursors condense to form an inorganic-organic nanocomposite. Epitaxial coordination of adsorbed surfactant tubules is observed on mica and graphite substrates, whereas a random arrangement is observed on amorphous silica. The ability to process ceramic-organic nanocomposite films by these methods provides new technological opportunities. 相似文献
5.
Devries GA Brunnbauer M Hu Y Jackson AM Long B Neltner BT Uzun O Wunsch BH Stellacci F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5810):358-361
Nanoparticles can be used as the building blocks for materials such as supracrystals or ionic liquids. However, they lack the ability to bond along specific directions as atoms and molecules do. We report a simple method to place target molecules specifically at two diametrically opposed positions in the molecular coating of metal nanoparticles. The approach is based on the functionalization of the polar singularities that must form when a curved surface is coated with ordered monolayers, such as a phase-separated mixture of ligands. The molecules placed at these polar defects have been used as chemical handles to form nanoparticle chains that in turn can generate self-standing films. 相似文献
6.
Colson JW Woll AR Mukherjee A Levendorf MP Spitler EL Shields VB Spencer MG Park J Dichtel WR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6026):228-231
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in which molecular building blocks form robust microporous networks, are usually synthesized as insoluble and unprocessable powders. We have grown two-dimensional (2D) COF films on single-layer graphene (SLG) under operationally simple solvothermal conditions. The layered films stack normal to the SLG surface and show improved crystallinity compared with COF powders. We used SLG surfaces supported on copper, silicon carbide, and transparent fused silica (SiO(2)) substrates, enabling optical spectroscopy of COFs in transmission mode. Three chemically distinct COF films grown on SLG exhibit similar vertical alignment and long-range order, and two of these are of interest for organic electronic devices for which thin-film formation is a prerequisite for characterizing their optoelectronic properties. 相似文献
7.
Ottaviani G Sigurd D Marrello V McCaldin JO Mayer JW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,180(4089):948-949
Amorphous silicon in contact with silver films and amorphous germanium in contact with aluminum films form crystalline precipitates when heated to temperatures well below those at which any liquid phase is present. Crystallization occurs by an initial dissolution of the semiconductor into the metal filmsolvent followed by the growth of crystals out of the solvent. 相似文献
8.
Imaging dopamine receptors in the human brain by positron tomography 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
H N Wagner H D Burns R F Dannals D F Wong B Langstrom T Duelfer J J Frost H T Ravert J M Links S B Rosenbloom S E Lukas A V Kramer M J Kuhar 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,221(4617):1264-1266
Neurotransmitter receptors may be involved in a number of neuropsychiatric disease states. The ligand 3-N-[11C]methylspiperone, which preferentially binds to dopamine receptors in vivo, was used to image the receptors by positron emission tomography scanning in baboons and in humans. This technique holds promise for noninvasive clinical studies of dopamine receptors in humans. 相似文献
9.
Synapses in the central nervous system are usually defined by presynaptic exocytotic release sites and postsynaptic differentiations. We report here a demonstration of dendrodendritic inhibition that does not engage a conventional synapse. Using amperometric and patch-clamp recordings in rat brain slices of the substantia nigra, we found that blockade of the dopamine transporter abolished the dendritic release of dopamine and the resulting self-inhibition. These findings demonstrate that dendrodendritic autoinhibition entails the carrier-mediated release of dopamine rather than conventional exocytosis. This suggests that some widely used antidepressants that inhibit the dopamine transporter may benefit patients in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. 相似文献
10.
Stuber GD Klanker M de Ridder B Bowers MS Joosten RN Feenstra MG Bonci A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5896):1690-1692
Using sensory information for the prediction of future events is essential for survival. Midbrain dopamine neurons are activated by environmental cues that predict rewards, but the cellular mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon remain elusive. We used in vivo voltammetry and in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology to show that both dopamine release to reward predictive cues and enhanced synaptic strength onto dopamine neurons develop over the course of cue-reward learning. Increased synaptic strength was not observed after stable behavioral responding. Thus, enhanced synaptic strength onto dopamine neurons may act to facilitate the transformation of neutral environmental stimuli to salient reward-predictive cues. 相似文献
11.
AE Pashitski A Gurevich AA Polyanskii DC Larbalestier A Goyal ED Specht DM Kroeger JA DeLuca JE Tkaczyk 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5298):367-369
Magneto-optical imaging was used to visualize the inhomogeneous penetration of magnetic flux into polycrystalline TlBa2Ca2Cu3Ox films with high critical current densities, to reconstruct the local two-dimensional supercurrent flow patterns and to correlate inhomogeneities in this flow with the local crystallographic misorientation. The films have almost perfect c-axis alignment and considerable local a- and b-axis texture because the grains tend to form colonies with only slightly misaligned a and b axes. Current flows freely over these low-angle grain boundaries but is strongly reduced at intermittent colony boundaries of high misorientation. The local (<10-micrometer scale) critical current density Jc varies widely, being up to 10 times as great as the transport Jc (scale of approximately 1 millimeter), which itself varies by a factor of about 5 in different sections of the film. The combined experiments show that the magnitude of the transport Jc is largely determined by a few high-angle boundaries. 相似文献
12.
Pulsed laser ablation of graphite targets combined with an intense, atomic nitrogen source has been used to prepare C-N thin film materials. The average nitrogen content in the films was systematically varied by controlling atomic nitrogen flux. Rutherford backscattering measurements show that up to 40 percent nitrogen can be incorporated on average into these solids under the present reaction conditions. Photoelectron spectroscopy further indicates that carbon and nitrogen form an unpolarized covalent bond in these C-N materials. Qualitative tests indicate that the C-N solids are thermally robust and hard. In addition, strong electron diffraction is observed from crystallites within the films. Notably, analysis of these diffraction data show that the only viable structure for the C-N crystallites is that of beta-C(3)N(4), a material predicted theoretically to exhibit superhardness. The experimental synthesis of this new C-N material offers exciting prospects for both basic research and engineering applications. 相似文献
13.
将180只10日龄公鸡随机均分成9组,用新城疫LaSota弱毒疫苗(ND)点眼滴鼻免疫的同时,3个实验组分别肌肉注射高、中、低剂量的多巴胺激动剂和拮抗剂溶液,注射1次/d,连续注射3次,对照组注射生理盐水。各组分别于免疫后7、14、21、28 d翼下静脉采血,分离血清,用微量血凝抑制(HI)测定新城疫抗体效价。结果表明,多巴胺(DA)受体激动剂中剂量组的HI抗体效价明显高于对照组,且呈现一直上升趋势;多巴胺(DA)受体拮抗剂的高剂量组抗体效价明显低于对照组,且呈现一直下降趋势;表明DA对新城疫疫苗的抗体效价有明显的调节作用。 相似文献
14.
A significant increase in shock-induced aggression occurs in the rat 4 days after an intraventricular injection of 90 micrograms of 6-hydroxydopa. Both fluorescent histology and biochemical assay demonstrate that brain norepinephrine is reduced by 90 micrograms of 6-hydroxydopa, while brain dopamine remains unaltered. This suggests that one form of aggressive behavior (shock-induced aggression) is modulated through a central noradrenergic system. 相似文献
15.
Recent theoretical predictions indicate that melting of a two-dimensional solid may be caused by spontaneous creation of dislocations. The theory predicts that melting occurs by a two-step process involving an intermediate phase, called the hexatic phase, in which there is order in the local crystalline axes but not in the positions of atoms. These ideas are being tested by numerical simulations and by experiments on electrons on liquid helium, liquid crystal films, and rare gas layers adsorbed on graphite. Experiments on liquid crystal films indicate that the three-dimensional analog of the hexatic phase exists, and xenon on graphite exhibits a melting transition close to the form predicted. 相似文献
16.
采用硝基外用清漆、聚氨酯清漆和醇酸树脂清漆对细叶桉、赤桉、巨桉、尾叶桉、粗皮桉和大花序桉进行涂饰处理,在紫外老化的作用下,通过测定试样表面色度学和光泽度参数,对3种涂膜的耐光性进行研究。结果表明:1）6种桉木经清漆涂刷后,桉木漆膜表面的亮度随着光照时间的增加均呈下降趋势。细叶桉和粗皮桉亮度较低,赤桉、巨桉、尾叶桉、大花序桉亮度较高。黄色指数随着光照时间的增加呈上升趋势,光照时间越长,黄化现象越严重。总色差随着光照时间的增加呈下降趋势,但变化不明显。细叶桉总色差变化最小,巨桉总色差变化最大。2）漆膜随着光照时间的增加,漆膜劣化程度越来越明显,光泽度均有小幅下降趋势,但变化均不明显。3）3种清漆均发生劣化变色,醇酸树脂清漆的耐光性最好,聚氨酯清漆次之,硝基外用清漆最差。建议用户在选择清漆涂饰时,应加入抗紫外光的吸收剂等提高漆膜的耐光性,或者选用耐光性能改良过的木材加以使用,实现木材的耐光性和耐久性。 相似文献
17.
Epitaxial BiFeO3 multiferroic thin film heterostructures 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Wang J Neaton JB Zheng H Nagarajan V Ogale SB Liu B Viehland D Vaithyanathan V Schlom DG Waghmare UV Spaldin NA Rabe KM Wuttig M Ramesh R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5613):1719-1722
Enhancement of polarization and related properties in heteroepitaxially constrained thin films of the ferroelectromagnet, BiFeO3, is reported. Structure analysis indicates that the crystal structure of film is monoclinic in contrast to bulk, which is rhombohedral. The films display a room-temperature spontaneous polarization (50 to 60 microcoulombs per square centimeter) almost an order of magnitude higher than that of the bulk (6.1 microcoulombs per square centimeter). The observed enhancement is corroborated by first-principles calculations and found to originate from a high sensitivity of the polarization to small changes in lattice parameters. The films also exhibit enhanced thickness-dependent magnetism compared with the bulk. These enhanced and combined functional responses in thin film form present an opportunity to create and implement thin film devices that actively couple the magnetic and ferroelectric order parameters. 相似文献
18.
针对Word文档中表格的使用,本论文详细介绍了表格的常用技巧,包括在Word文档中表格的插入方法,表格格式的快速嵌套以及表格与文字之间的相互转换,在此基础上重点探讨了表格分页的处理应用技巧,对于进一步提高利用Word文档处理表格的使用效率具有较好的指导借鉴意义。 相似文献
19.
为探究不锈钢纤维长度与填充量对导电膜片导电性能与电磁屏蔽性能的影响,将不锈钢纤维均匀地铺撒在涂有脲醛树脂和丙烯酸树脂的表层纸上热压,制备具有电磁屏蔽功能的不锈钢纤维填充导电膜片。首先通过微观结构表征,分析不锈钢纤维在导电膜片平面和断面内的搭接状况;然后采用四电极法与同轴线法测试导电膜片的体积电阻率及电磁屏蔽效能;最后通过理论模拟探究不锈钢纤维填充导电膜片的电磁屏蔽机理。结果表明:1)随着不锈钢纤维填充量的增加,导电膜片平面和断面内不锈钢纤维之间交叉排列的混乱程度不断增加,并以随机排列的形式相互交织形成了有效的“三维导电网络”。2)随着不锈钢纤维长度和填充量的不断增加,导电膜片的体积电阻率逐渐减小,而其电磁屏蔽效能逐渐增大。3)不锈钢纤维的填充量、导电膜片厚度对导电膜片的导电性能影响显著。4)当不锈钢纤维长度为15 mm、填充量为250 g/m2时,导电膜片的体积电阻率降低为6.493×10-3 Ω·cm,电磁屏蔽效能为37.77～51.42 dB,达到中等屏蔽效果,适用于对电磁兼容要求较高的场合。5)理论模拟结果表明,吸收损耗在导电膜片对电磁辐射的屏蔽效果中占有很大的比重,导电膜片表现出了很好的吸波特性。 相似文献
20.
Cao A Dickrell PL Sawyer WG Ghasemi-Nejhad MN Ajayan PM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5752):1307-1310
We report that freestanding films of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes exhibit super-compressible foamlike behavior. Under compression, the nanotubes collectively form zigzag buckles that can fully unfold to their original length upon load release. Compared with conventional low-density flexible foams, the nanotube films show much higher compressive strength, recovery rate, and sag factor, and the open-cell nature of the nanotube arrays gives excellent breathability. The nanotube films present a class of open-cell foam structures, consisting of well-arranged one-dimensional units (nanotube struts). The lightweight, highly resilient nanotube films may be useful as compliant and energy-absorbing coatings. 相似文献