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1.
Optimization of multiple headspace solid-phase microextraction for the quantification of volatile compounds in dry fermented sausages 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Multiple headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) is a stepwise method that eliminates the influence of the matrix sample on the quantitative analysis of solid samples. The process was optimized for the analysis of volatile compounds in dry fermented sausages by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Different amounts of fermented sausages and different vial volumes were studied to obtain the theoretical exponential decay of the peak area of the four successive extractions in order to calculate the total area in the sausage. The highest number of volatile compounds analyzed by multiple HS-SPME in dry fermented sausages was obtained in a 10 mL headspace vial with 0.07 g of sample in the presence of water, 0.75 mg butylated hydroxytoluene, and 0.5 g sodium chloride. Finally, the method was characterized in terms of linearity and detection limits and applied to analyze the volatile compounds present in fermented sausages manufactured with either nitrate or nitrite. 相似文献
2.
The odor-active compounds of dry-fermented sausages with added nitrite or nitrate as curing agents were identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) applying the detection frequency (DF) method. The quantification of these compounds in the sausage was determined by multiple headspace solid-phase microextraction (multiple HS-SPME). There were no specific odor-active compounds related to the use of nitrite or nitrate although there were differences in the DF value of several compounds. The nitrite-added sausages presented higher DF values for ethanol, 1-hexanol, propanoic acid, 2-heptenal, and nonanal while the nitrate-added sausages had higher DF values for phenylacetaldehyde and 3-methyl-butanal. Eighteen compounds were quantified by multiple HS-SPME. Most of them were above their air detection thresholds, but only hexanal, heptanal, and 1-octen-3-ol were in a concentration higher than their oil threshold values. These compounds would probably be the main contributors to the aroma of fermented sausages. 相似文献
3.
本文以0、2、4、6kGy剂量60Co γ射线辐照发酵香肠,以水分活度、水分含量、pH值、含盐量、氨基酸总量、非蛋白氮、总氮、硫代巴比妥酸值、挥发性风味物质、肌浆蛋白与肌原纤维蛋白降解情况为指标,研究辐照对香肠品质的影响。结果表明：发酵香肠经不同剂量辐照后水分含量差异显著(P<0.05),氯化钠含量差异并不显著,而0、2kGy辐照后发酵香肠的pH值显著高于4、6kGy辐照,4kGy剂量辐照的发酵香肠中氨基酸总量显著高于2、6kGy处理的样品(P<0.05),4kGy剂量辐照香肠烯烃、酸和酮类物质含量最多,6kGy辐照组中醇类物质含量最多。辐照处理的发酵香肠中肌浆蛋白和肌原蛋白的降解情况低于对照。 相似文献
4.
The emergence of primary and secondary oxidation products in New Zealand extra virgin olive oil during accelerated thermal oxidation was measured and correlated with the concentrations of 13 headspace volatile compounds measured by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). SIFT-MS is a mass spectrometric technique that permits qualitative and absolute quantitative measurements to be made from whole air, headspace, or breath samples in real-time down to several parts per billion (ppb). It is well-suited to high-throughput analysis of headspace samples. Propanal, hexanal, and acetone were found at high concentrations in a rancid standard oil, while propanal, acetone, and acetic acid showed marked increases with oxidation time for the oils used in this study. A partial least-squares (PLS) regression model was constructed, which allowed the prediction of peroxide values (PV) for three separate oxidized oils. Sensory rancidity was also measured, although the correlations of headspace volatile compounds with sensory rancidity score were less satisfactory, and too few results were available for the construction of a PLS regression model. A fast (approximately 1 min), reliable method for prediction of olive oil PVs by SIFT-MS was developed. 相似文献
5.
Static headspace (HS) and capillary gas chromatography/infrared spectroscopy-mass spectrometry (GC/IR-MS) were used to collect, separate, identify, and quantitate the oxidative and thermal decomposition products in two heated model compounds, linoleic acid esterified propoxylated glycerol (EPG-08 linoleate) and trilinoleylglycerol, both without added antioxidants. Approximately 4 L of EPG-08 linoleate or trilinoleylglycerol was heated in a deep-fat fryer at 192 +/- 8 degrees C for 12 h each day until the oil sample contained > or =20% polymeric material, which occurred after 24 h of heating. The major volatile compounds both in heated EPG-08 linoleate and in heated trilinoleylglycerol were pentane, hexanal, 2-heptenal, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-pentylfuran, 2-octenal, and 2, 4-decadienal. The identified volatile compounds from heated EPG-08 linoleate are those generally expected from the oxidative and thermal decomposition of fats and oils containing linoleic acid, except acetoxyacetone (1-acetoxy-2-propanone). Acetoxyacetone was found at 2.1, 3, and 2.4 ppm in the unheated, 12 h heated, and 24 h heated samples, respectively. 相似文献
6.
Influence of the addition of rosemary essential oil on the volatiles pattern of porcine frankfurters
Estévez M Ventanas S Ramírez R Cava R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(21):8317-8324
The effect of the addition of increasing levels of rosemary essential oil (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg) on the generation of volatile compounds in frankfurters from Iberian and white pigs was analyzed using solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Lipid-derived volatiles such as aldehydes (hexanal, octanal, nonanal) and alcohols (pentan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol, oct-1-en-3-ol) were the most abundant compounds in the headspace (HS) of porcine frankfurters. Frankfurters from different pig breeds presented different volatile profiles due to their different oxidation susceptibilities as a likely result of their fatty acid composition and vitamin E content. Rosemary essential oil showed a different effect on the generation of volatiles depending on the type of frankfurter in which they were added. In frankfurters from Iberian pigs, the antioxidant effect of the essential oil improved with increasing levels, showing the highest activity at 600 mg/kg. In contrast, 150 mg/kg of the essential oil improved the oxidative stability of frankfurters from white pigs, whereas higher levels led to no effect or a prooxidant effect. The activity of the essential oil could have been affected by the different fatty acid compositions and vitamin E contents between types of frankfurters. SPME successfully allowed the isolation and analysis of volatile terpenes from frankfurters with added rosemary essential oil including alpha-pinene, beta-myrcene, l-limonene, (E)-caryophyllene, linalool, camphor, and 1,8-cineole, which might contribute to the aroma characteristics of frankfurters. 相似文献
7.
The identification and occurrence of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines were studied in different kinds of commercial sausages including cooked, fresh, dry-fermented, and ripened sausages, such as salamis and Spanish chorizo, salchichon, fuet, and morcilla, both smoked and unsmoked. Four compounds were identified in several sausages by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS): 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (1), 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid diastereoisomers (2a,b), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (3), and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (4). The latter two (3 and 4) are now reported for the first time in meat products. The presence and occurrence of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines were highly variable depending on each particular sample of sausage, and it did not follow a single specific pattern. The concentration range taken as a sum of the four carbolines varied from undetectable levels to 33 microg/g, with the highest content found in ripened, dry-fermented, and smoked sausages (salami, chorizo, and morcilla) and the lowest in cooked sausages (Frankfurt). Formation of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines might occur during elaboration and the ripening process from a chemical condensation between tryptophan or tryptamine and aldehydes (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde). Smoked samples had higher concentrations of formaldehyde-derived 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (1) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (tryptoline) (3) than those unsmoked. Also, 1 and 3 were more concentrated in the outer part of the sausage, likely to be in contact with smoke. It is concluded that some dry-fermented and/or smoked sausages may be significant dietary sources of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines. 相似文献
8.
Volatile chemicals obtained from a commercial beer by liquid-liquid continuous extraction were evaluated for antioxidant activity. The inhibitory ability of this extract toward the conversion of hexanal to hexanoic acid was monitored over a 35-day period. The volatile extract demonstrated >99% effectiveness at inhibiting hexanal oxidation at 50 microg/mL, comparable to that of the natural antioxidant alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). Volatile compounds contained in the extract were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). From the volatile constituents identified in beer extract, phenylethyl alcohol, maltol, and 2-furanmethanol were examined for antioxidative activities. At a concentration of 500 microg/mL, maltol and 2-furanmethanol demonstrated approximately 95 and 100% inhibition of hexanal oxidation over 35 days, respectively. Phenylethyl alcohol did not show any appreciable level of inhibition of hexanal oxidation. Heterocyclic compounds, some of which are known to possess antioxidative activities, were also identified in the volatile extract. 相似文献
9.
A dry fermented sausage (chorizo de Pamplona) was elaborated with the simultaneous addition of a lipase (Novozym 677BG) and a protease (Flavourzyme) and ripened during 21 days, in contrast to the control without enzymes and ripened during 35 days. Faster and more intense lipolytic and proteolytic activities were observed in the modified sausage, despite its shorter maturation time. At the end of the ripening, a determination of the profile of compounds extracted by simultaneous distillation-extraction with dichloromethane was carried out. The total amounts of extracted compounds (expressed in milligrams of dodecane per gram of dry matter) were 2.5 in the sausage with enzymes and 1.9 in the control. The chemical groups showing increments due to the use of enzymes were esters (103.5% increment) and acids (87% increment) in both cases due to the greater presence of long-chain fatty acid products. However, development of substances originated from further degradation process of amino acids and free fatty acids did not seem to have taken place. 相似文献
10.
Estévez M Ventanas S Ramírez R Cava R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(16):5168-5174
The effect of the addition of two natural antioxidant extracts (sage and rosemary essential oils) and one synthetic (BHT) on the generation of volatile compounds in liver patés from Iberian and white pigs was analyzed using SPME-GC-MS. Lipid-derived volatiles such as aldehydes [hexanal, octanal, nonanal, hept-(Z)-4-enal, oct-(E)-2-enal, non-(Z)-2-enal, dec-(E)-2-enal, deca-(E,Z)-2,4-dienal] and alcohols (pentan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol, oct-1-en-3-ol) were the most abundant compounds in the headspace of porcine liver patés. Patés from different pig breeds presented different volatiles profiles due to their different oxidation susceptibilities as a probable result of their fatty acid profiles and vitamin E content. Regardless of the origin of the patés, the addition of BHT successfully reduced the amount of volatiles derived from PUFA oxidation. Added essential oils showed a different effect on the generation of volatiles whether they were added in patés from Iberian or white pigs because they inhibited lipid oxidation in the former and enhanced oxidative instability in the latter. SPME successfully allowed the isolation and analysis of 41 volatile terpenes from patés with added sage and rosemary essential oils including alpha-pinene, beta-myrcene, 1-limonene, (E)-caryophyllene, linalool, camphor, and 1,8-cineole, which might contribute to the aroma characteristics of liver patés. 相似文献
11.
The volatile reaction products of aqueous mixtures comprising combinations of methionine, glucose, linoleic acid, and starch heated in a modified Likens-Nickerson apparatus were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The majority of volatile compounds were formed from linoleic acid degradation, hexanal, 2,4-decadienal, and 2-pentylfuran being identified in the greatest amounts. Dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide were detected in every system containing methionine. 3-(Methylthio)propanal (methional) and other sulfur compounds were detected when methionine was heated with another precursor. No binding of volatile compounds to starch was observed; rather, starch appeared to act as an additional source of reactive carbohydrate. Almost all the components identified have been identified among the aroma components of cooked potato. No pyrazines, pyridines, or thiazoles were identified, probably due to the relatively low temperature/high moisture conditions. 相似文献
13.
为了筛选出优良亚硝酸盐和生物胺的降解植物乳杆菌,并研究在鱼肉发酵香肠中的应用。该文主要考察了19株植物乳杆菌亚硝酸盐和生物胺的降解活性及相关基因的携带情况,从中筛选出优良菌株,并研究其对鱼肉香肠发酵过程中各种亚硝胺、生物胺、腐败微生物的抑制作用和对其他理化指标的影响。试验结果表明,L.plantarum CP3对亚硝酸盐和生物胺的降解能力最强,分别达到95%和77%,PCR结果显示此菌株中含有亚硝酸盐降解(假定蛋白(hypothetical protein,HP)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GR)、一氧化还原酶(Oxidoreductase,ORD))和生物胺降解的相关基因(multicopper oxidases,suf I),且不含生物胺生成相关基因(hdc,tdc,odc)。GC-MS测定结果显示L.plantarum CP3对发酵香肠中4种亚硝胺-二乙基亚硝胺(N-nitrosodiethylamine,NDEA),二甲基亚硝胺(N-nitrosodimethylamine,NDMA),亚硝基吗啉(N-nitrosomorpholine,NMOR)和甲基乙基亚硝胺(N-nitrosomethylamine,NMEA)的生成都具有显著的抑制作用,联合接种L.saki M4可以协同提高亚硝胺的降解能力。并且,与对照组相比,接种L.plantarum CP3+L.saki M4的鱼肉香肠,发酵48 h后腐胺、尸胺和酪胺的含量分别降低了76.83%,93.33%和88%。另外,接种乳酸菌处理组香肠中的肠杆菌、假单胞菌等腐败菌及pH值、硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid,TBA)和挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)的含量显著低于对照组。该研究结果体现了L.plantarum CP3作为香肠等肉制品发酵剂的良好开发应用前景。 相似文献
14.
Ramírez MR Estévez M Morcuende D Cava R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(25):7637-7643
The effect of the type of frying culinary fat (olive oil, sunflower oil, butter, and pig lard) on volatile compounds isolated from fried pork loin chops (m. Longissimus dorsi) was measured by SPME-GC-MS. Frying modified the fatty acid composition of lipids from pork loin chops, which tended to be similar to that of the culinary fat used to fry. Volatile compounds formed from the oxidation of fatty acids increased, such as aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and hydrocarbons. Besides, each culinary fat used modified the volatile profiles in fried meat differently. Sunflower oil-fried pork loin chops presented the highest aldehyde aliphatic content, probably due to their highest content of polyunsaturated acids. Hexanal, the most abundant aldehyde in fried samples, presented the most elevated content in sunflower oil-fried pork loin chops. In addition, these samples presented more heterocyclic compounds from the Maillard reaction than other fried samples. Volatiles detected in olive oil-fried pork loin chops were mainly lipid-derived compounds such as pentan-1-ol, hexanal, hept-2-enal, nonanal, decanal, benzaldehyde, and nonan-2-one. Butter-fried pork loins were abundant in ketones with a high number of carbons (heptan-2-one, nonan-2-one, undecan-2-one, tridecanone, and heptadecan-2-one). Pig lard-fried pork loin chops presented some Strecker aldehydes isolated in only these samples, such as 2-methylbutanal and 3-(methylthio)propanal, and a sulfur compound (dimethyl disulfide) related to Strecker aldehydes. 相似文献
15.
The effect of curing agents (salt, glucose, nitrate, nitrite, and ascorbic acid) on the binding of skeletal peptides (carnosine and anserine) and a sarcoplasmic protein (myoglobin) with key flavor compounds (hexanal, octanal, 2-pentanone, 2-methylbutanal, and 3-methylbutanal) has been studied by solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Curing agents had an effect on the interaction process between carnosine and volatile compounds, which was higher than the interactions observed with anserine and myoglobin. Sodium chloride decreased the interaction of volatiles with carnosine except for octanal, which was increased, and 2-pentanone, which was unaltered. Ascorbic acid exerted the highest effect by decreasing the interaction of carnosine with all of the volatile compounds except for octanal and 2-pentanone. The interaction with anserine was affected by sodium chloride, nitrate, and nitrite, producing a decrease in the interaction with hexanal, octanal, and methional. Finally, sodium chloride, glucose, and nitrite increased the interaction of myoglobin with hexanal, octanal, and methional. The effect of simulated stages of the curing process on the binding was also studied. A combined effect of the curing agents resulted in a change in the relative proportions of volatile compounds that can lead to different flavor perceptions of dry-cured meat products. 相似文献
16.
Two naturally occurring antioxidants, ascorbic acid and turmeric, were effective in inhibiting formation of hexanal, (E)-2-penenal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-heptenal, and (E)-2-octenal when slurries of fermented cucumber tissue were exposed to oxygen. Added ascorbic acid prevented formation of most of these oxidative aldehydes at 175 ppm or greater. Turmeric, which is used commercially as a yellow coloring in cucumber pickle products, was found to almost completely prevent aldehyde formation at 40 ppm. 相似文献
17.
Fuster MD Mitchell AE Ochi H Shibamoto T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(11):5600-5603
Typical volatile heterocyclic compounds found in brewed coffee extracts-pyrroles, furans, thiophenes, and thiazoles-were examined for antioxidative activity, which was determined by measuring the oxidative conversion of hexanal to hexanoic acid using gas chromatography. 2-Acetylpyrrole, 1-methylpyrrole, and pyrrole inhibited hexanal oxidation by 98, 87, and 78%, respectively, at a concentration of 500 microgram/mL over a period of 30 days. 2-Methylfuran, which inhibited hexanal oxidation by 90% at all concentrations tested (500, 200, and 100 microgram/mL) for a 30-day period, exhibited the greatest activity among furans tested. Similarly, 2-methylthiophene, which inhibited hexanal oxidation by almost 100% at a concentration of 500 microgram/mL over 30 days, exhibited the greatest activity among the thiophenes tested. In general, thiazoles were ineffective antioxidants at all concentrations tested. However, 4,5-dimethylthiazole was able to inhibit hexanal oxidation by 50% at the highest level tested (500 microgram/mL). 2-Acetylpyrrole, 2-methylfuran, and 2-methylthiophene at concentrations of 500, 200, and 100 microgram/mL and furan at a concentration of 500 microgram/mL exhibited antioxidative activities comparable to that of the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene at a concentration of 50 microgram/mL. 相似文献
18.
Aroma-active components in fermented bamboo shoots. 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Shih-Guei Fu Youngmo Yoon Russell Bazemore 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(3):549-554
Bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys pubescens) were fermented and prepared in a traditional Taiwanese manner. Static and dynamic headspace extractions of volatile compounds were conducted by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and by cryogenic focusing purge and trap, respectively. Volatile analysis was conducted with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Gas chromatography-olfactometry (GCO) was conducted utilizing the Osme time-intensity method. Of 70 volatile compounds detected, 29 possessed aroma activity, and the most odor active included p-cresol (barn-like), 2-heptanol (mushroom), acetic acid (vinegar), and 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom). SPME extracted 66 compounds, purge and trap extracted 14 compounds, and 12 compounds were common to both methods. The Osme GCO technique coupled with SPME is an effective tool for the extraction and evaluation of aroma-active headspace volatiles. 相似文献
19.
The effect of superheated steam treatment on the oxidative stability of lipids in packaged Zousoon (pork bundles) was investigated. The aroma quality of Zousoon samples was evaluated by sensory analysis and chromatographic analysis of volatiles. Results of this study indicated that oxidation of lipids occurred in pan-fried Zousoon after prolonged storage. Significant amounts of highly volatile compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and hexanal in Zousoon were identified by a modified method of cysteamine derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Superheated steam was found to be effective in suppressing lipid oxidation in canned Zousoon as compared with Zousoon fried by the conventional method in a frying pan. The superheated steam-fried samples had relatively low thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and peroxide (POV) values before and after storage, whereas samples prepared by pan frying had relatively high TBARS and POV values before and after storage. Superheated steam-fried Zousoon had superior lipid stability to that prepared by the conventional pan-frying method. 相似文献
20.
Ulrich D Bruchmüller T Krüger H Marthe F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(19):10651-10656
Sixteen different genotypes of parsley, including two cultivars, six populations, and eight inbred lines, were investigated regarding their sensory characteristics in relation to the volatile patterns and resistance to Septoria petroselini . The sensory quality was determined by a combination of profile analysis and preference test, whereas the volatile patterns were analyzed by headspace-SPME-GC of leaf homogenates with subsequent nontargeted data processing to prevent a possible overlooking of volatile compounds. The more resistant genotypes are characterized by several negative sensory characteristics such as bitter, grassy, herbaceous, pungent, chemical, and harsh. In contrast, the contents of some volatile compounds correlate highly and significantly either with resistance (e.g., hexanal and α-copaene) or with susceptibility (e.g., p-menthenol). Some of these compounds with very strong correlation to resistance are still unidentified and are presumed to act as resistance markers. 相似文献