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1.
毛竹枯梢病病原菌致病机制及防治技术 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
毛竹枯梢病病原为竹喙球菌Ｃｅｒａｔｏｓｐｈａｅｒｉａ ｐｈｙｌｌｏｓｔａｃｈｙｄｉｓ Ｚｈａｎｇ。病原菌在１０％毛竹煎汁蔗糖培养基（Ｂ＋Ｓ），２５℃，１２小时明暗交替条件下培养４０￣５０天孢子量最多。病原菌分泌的毒素是一种还原性多糖，是致病的主要成分，在２０℃￣２５℃、振荡、连续黑暗和ｐＨ６条件下培养１２天产毒最多。病害的发民气候和竹林经营管理水平密切相关。通过实施清除病原，隔断侵染源、钩梢、垦复 相似文献
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从福建省南平市桔蚜虫尸上分离的一株镰刀菌 ,病原鉴定为镰刀菌属 (FusariumLinkexFn)的砖红镰孢 (FusariumlateritiumNees .)。病原菌在PDA培养基上生长旺盛 ,10～ 3 5℃均可生长 ,生长适宜温度为 2 0～2 6℃ ,2 5℃下培养 3d后可产孢。分生孢子萌发最适宜温度为 2 0～ 2 5℃ ,最适宜的相对湿度为 96%～ 10 0 %。对桔蚜若虫的毒力测定表明 ,砖红镰孢对桔蚜具有较强的致病力 ,其LC50 为 2 71× 10 7个孢子·L- 1 ,LT50 为2 2 1～ 6 3 4d(在 1 0× 10 1 1 ～ 1 0× 10 7个孢子·L- 1 浓度下 )。用砖红镰孢菌液田间防治桔蚜 ,死亡率达91 80 %。 相似文献
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毛竹枯梢病的发生与气候和竹林的经营管理水平密切相关。通过实施清除病原，隔断侵染源、钩梢、垦复、施肥、烟剂防治等综合防治技术，使病害发生面积下降了90％，消灭了重度和中度危害区。发病率和感病指数分别下降了94％和85％。 相似文献
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通过在PDA培养基上对NL895杨苗木水泡型溃疡病,病原菌进行了分离培养鉴定和致病性试验。结果证明,根据菌落培养特性、病原菌形态、病害症状和致病性试验,确定聚生小穴壳菌是NL895杨水泡型溃疡病病原,1年生苗木上的发病率高达50%～70%。NL895杨是聚生小穴壳菌的新寄主。 相似文献
6.
[目的]探究毛竹根际微生物新黑曲霉(Aspergillus neoniger)JXBR16对土壤难溶性磷酸盐的溶磷作用及对毛竹的促生效果。[方法]采用液体发酵培养法研究该菌株对Ca_3(PO_4)_2、CaHPO_4、FePO_4、AlPO_4和植酸钙等5种难溶性磷酸盐的溶解能力及碳源、氮源、pH、装液量和盐离子等因素对其解磷能力的影响;并采用温室盆栽法评价该菌株对毛竹实生幼苗的促生作用。[结果]表明,新黑曲霉对5种难溶性磷酸盐均具有较好的溶解能力,其中对FePO_4、CaHPO_4的溶解能力最佳,解磷量分别达3 208.31和3 027.09 mg·L~(-1);在碳源为蔗糖或葡萄糖、氮源为硫酸铵、初始pH值3.5、装液量2/5、温度25℃和盐离子浓度为0～1.0 g·L~(-1)条件下新黑曲霉的解磷能力最佳。施用该菌株180 d后毛竹根际土壤有效磷和矿质氮分别提高37%和41%,植株根、茎和叶磷含量分别提高了95%、102%和43%;毛竹地径、苗高和生物量分别比对照显著提高了44%、47%和50%。[结论]新黑曲霉能够有效增强南方红壤区毛竹林土壤磷的供给,促进植株养分吸收利用,并提高毛竹的生长,具有应用于竹林生物菌肥研制和开发的巨大潜力。 相似文献
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杜松赤枯病病原菌的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
阐述了杜松赤枯病病原菌的研究结果 ,研究表明交链孢 (Alternariasp )和茎点霉 (Phomasp )是杜松赤枯病的主要致病真菌 ;两种病原菌均喜偏酸性的条件 ,菌丝生长发育的适宜pH值是 5～ 7;菌丝生长的适宜温度是 2 0～ 30℃ ,孢子萌发的适宜温度是 15～ 2 5℃ ,2 0℃时萌发率最高 ;Al ternariasp 在相对湿度 90 %以上能较好萌发 ,Phomasp 在湿度 10 0 %时才能萌发 ,在水滴中萌发率最高 ;两种病原菌对云杉和丹东桧的嫩枝叶也有较强的致病性 相似文献
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毛竹枯梢病大面积综合治理技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
毛竹枯梢病是南方毛竹产区一种危险性病害，也是森林植物检疫对象。湖南省１９９１年首次发现４００３ｈｍ２竹林严重受害。根据病害为一次侵染的单循环病害和病原致病性弱的特点，通过在大面积范围内采取以清除病源、隔断侵染源、幼竹钩梢等消灭病原为主的措施，结合对竹林进行垦复施肥，提高寄主的抗性；对危害中等以上的竹林辅以杀菌烟剂进行防治的综合治理技术，有效地控制了病害，消灭了中等危害和严重危害区，轻病区范围控制在１０１２ｈｍ２，发病率下降了８８６％，病情指数下降了９０４％。 相似文献
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以毛竹春笋为试材,在低温(4℃)和常温(15℃左右)条件下贮藏,在贮藏的第0、2、4、6、8天测定笋的水分、呼吸强度、灰分含量以及与笋氧化和木质化密切相关的酶活力水平,研究低温贮藏对毛竹春笋采后生理的影响。结果显示,低温贮藏条件下的毛竹笋水分散失量、呼吸强度和灰分含量都低于常温条件下的毛竹笋,且在贮藏第8天3个指标在2种温度条件下的差异达显著性水平;低温条件下毛竹笋的过氧化物酶活性在贮藏的第8天显著低于常温条件下的,而多酚氧化酶活性在贮藏的第4天显著低于常温条件下的。研究结果表明,低温贮藏有利于维持毛竹笋的食用品质和外观品质。 相似文献
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1 调查区自然概况调查区地处大兴安岭东坡 ,伊勒呼里山横贯本区中部。气候冬季严寒漫长 ,夏季温热短暂。年平均气温 - 2～ 5℃ ,≥ 10℃积温为 110 0～ 2 0 0 0℃ ,生长期 90～ 110天 ,年平均降水量 45 0～ 5 0 0 mm,相对湿度 70 %～ 75 %。土壤多为棕色针叶林土 ,植被为落叶松针阔混交林植被类型。2 调查方法2 .1 调查区区划植被的成活和生长与气温密切相关 ,其生理作用的强度和温度之间存在线性指数关系。本次调查根据吉良龙夫 (日本 )提出的简便积温指标—温暖指数 (WI)公式WI =∑ni=1(ti - 5 )式中 n -平均气温 >5℃的月数 ;ti … 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献