共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 828 毫秒
1.
以对辣椒疫霉菌3号生理小种具有不同抗性的辣椒近等基因系为试材,测定了不同抗性品系接菌后β?1,3-葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶、PAL、POD活性的变化情况,研究了上述4种叶片防御酶活性与辣椒对疫病抗性的关系。结果表明:辣椒疫霉菌能诱导辣椒叶片中上述4种防御酶的活性增强,但4种酶在积累速度和幅度上抗病品系和感病品系有显著的差异。接菌后高抗品系β?1,3-葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶、PAL、POD活性达到峰值时酶活变化率分别是164.4%、99.1%、173.7%、107.6%;而感病品系的酶活变化率分别是91.8%、48.1%、93.1%、64.0%,与感病品系相比,高抗品系的4种酶活性不仅升高的速度快、幅度大,且高活性维持时间长,中抗品系的4种酶活性介于二者之间。在抗病品系中,β?1,3-葡聚糖酶的酶活变化率是几丁质酶的1.66倍,PAL的酶活变化率是POD的1.61倍。在离体培养条件下观察了β?1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶粗酶液对辣椒疫霉菌的菌丝生长和孢子囊形成的抑制作用,与对照相比,β?1,3-葡聚糖酶粗酶液抑制作用明显,而几丁质酶粗酶液抑制作用不明显。 相似文献
2.
3.
以花溪辣椒、遵义辣椒为试材,辣椒白粉病菌为供试菌,苯丙噻二唑(BTH)为诱导剂,采用喷施接种法,研究了BTH诱导辣椒对白粉病产生抗性的作用机制.结果表明:不同浓度BTH均可以诱导辣椒对白粉病产生抗性,浓度为0.20 mmol·L-1时诱导效果最佳,防治效果为81.82％;BTH-接菌处理的辣椒叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性明显增加;BTH-接菌、BTH-未接菌和CK-接菌处理都能诱导辣椒叶片几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的升高,但CK-接菌处理增加幅度较小.BTH不影响白粉病菌孢子萌发和附着胞子的产生,却能有效抑制菌丝的生长,表现为菌丝生长缓慢和菌丝的侧枝数减少.通过扫描电镜观察,发现CK-接菌处理在24 h后,辣椒叶片保护层开始被溶解,BTH-接菌处理的辣椒在接菌48 h后才出现该现象,说明BTH能产生阻碍或延迟菌丝破坏的保护层物质. 相似文献
4.
5.
墨兰炭疽菌侵染过程与几丁质酶、β - 1,3 - 葡聚糖酶活性的变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究了墨兰炭疽菌的侵染过程以及墨兰叶片中几丁质酶和β- 1,3 - 葡聚糖酶活性的变化。结果显示, 炭疽菌接种12 h后开始产生侵染丝侵入墨兰叶片的气孔腔, 60 h之前炭疽菌菌丝在叶肉细胞的胞间隙蔓延, 从84 h开始, 炭疽菌次生菌丝侵入叶肉细胞内, 部分叶肉细胞解体。几丁质酶、β- 1,3 - 葡聚糖酶活性在接种炭疽菌后缓慢上升, 到84 h达到最大。表明炭疽菌侵入墨兰叶肉细胞的胞间隙和胞质中对几丁质酶和β- 103 - 葡聚糖酶活性高峰的出现有重要影响。 相似文献
6.
《果树学报》2010,(5)
诱导植物内在抗性是病害控制的新策略,诱导效应可能与不同品种组成性表达的基础抗性有关。以3个抗性水平不同的品种为材料,研究了苯并噻二唑(BTH)对甜瓜白粉病抗性的诱导效应,以期进一步阐释抗性诱导效应与品种基础抗性的关系。结果显示,BTH诱导甜瓜抗白粉病的效果与品种的基础抗性正相关,对抗病品种的诱导效果高于中抗和感病品种,抗病品种叶片中β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性增长幅度也较中抗和感病品种大。BTH处理3 d后接种白粉菌,不同抗性水平甜瓜品种叶片中GLU、PAL和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性均较只接种处理明显上升。叶片超微结构观察显示:乳突结构是寄主对病原菌侵染的一种主动反应,甜瓜抗病品种叶片中乳突结构多呈半圆球型,中抗和感病品种叶片中多呈圆筒型。 相似文献
7.
豇豆枯萎病抗性与水杨酸互作关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了不同浓度的水杨酸(SA)对豇豆枯萎病病菌孢子萌发、菌丝生长,以及对感病品种浸根处理后再接种(挑战接种)的幼苗发病率和对β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶活性变化的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,浓度大于1.0mmol·L-1的SA处理4h后能显著地抑制豇豆枯萎病病菌孢子萌发;在1.0~10.0mmol·L-1范围内,随浓度的升高SA对菌丝生长的抑制作用增大;在不影响豇豆感病品种幼苗正常生长的情况下,以5.0mmol·L-1的SA减轻幼苗发病率最为有效;豇豆感病品种经SA处理后β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶活性升高,挑战接种后的酶活性变化比未经SA处理的上升早且快。 相似文献
8.
苯并噻二唑( BTH)诱导黄瓜幼苗对霜霉病抗性的研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
用0.5 mmol/L BTH (苯并噻二唑) 溶液在接种黄瓜霜霉病菌前4、8、12、24、48、96、168 h (7 d) 和接种后2、4 d处理二叶期的黄瓜幼苗, 结果表明BTH对霜霉病菌无直接的抑制作用, 但能诱导黄瓜幼苗对霜霉病产生局部和系统的抗性, 系统抗性的表达在处理后48 h产生并持续7 d以上。几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性测定结果表明, BTH处理可系统性地增强这两种酶的活性, 且与黄瓜对霜霉病的诱导抗性密切相关。 相似文献
9.
10.
《北方园艺》2020,(3)
选取3个对番茄斑萎病毒(TSWV)表现不同抗性的番茄栽培自交系YNAU335(免疫)、96172I(感病)和5号(感病),利用紫外分光光度法,研究接种TSWV后相关防御酶活性的变化,揭示YNAU335对TSWV的抗病生理机制。结果表明:在对照条件下,YNAU335自交系中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、几丁质酶(CHT)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-GA)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性高于96172I和5号自交系,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性低于2个感病自交系;感染TSWV后,3个自交系中SOD、POD、CHT和β-1,3-GA活性均高于对照,PPO活性低于对照,YNAU335中PAL活性高于对照,2个感病自交系的PAL活性低于对照;感染TSWV后YNAU335中的6种酶的活性均高于2个感病自交系。 相似文献
11.
12.
钙素对SA诱导番茄幼苗抗灰霉病的调控作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索钙对水杨酸（SA）诱导番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）幼苗抗灰霉病的作用,采用‘L402’番茄品种,通过分别喷施8 mmol • L-1 CaCl2和5 mmol • L-1 EGTA后再喷施2 mmol • L-1 SA,3 d后接种灰霉病菌孢子的方法,研究了不同处理对番茄幼苗灰霉病病情指数、活性氧积累、主要防御酶活性及其基因表达的影响。结果表明：接种灰霉病菌孢子5 d后,SA处理的番茄幼苗病情指数比对照降低37.27%,Ca + SA处理较SA处理进一步降低18%;接种1 d和2 d后,叶片中产生速率和H2O2含量分别出现应激高峰,且处理间存在差异,与对照相比Ca + SA处理分别提高33.05%和29.31%,EGTA + SA处理分别降低32.62%和46.34%;叶片中抗病相关酶活性和基因表达在接种病菌后也出现应激高峰,其中Ca + SA处理显著提高了PAL、几丁质酶、β–1,3–葡聚糖酶活性,EGTA处理及EGTA + SA处理显著降低了PAL、几丁质酶、β–1,3–葡聚糖酶活性。上述结果表明,Ca2+在SA诱导番茄抗灰霉病中具有正调控作用,而且这种作用与PAL、几丁质酶、β–1,3–葡聚糖酶活性及其基因表达密切相关。 相似文献
13.
以感病菜豆（油豆角）品种老来少和高抗品种大油豆为试材,在菜豆炭疽病菌侵染不同时间（0、3、6、9、12 d）内测定两者叶片中5种防御酶（几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、SOD、POD和LOX）活性及富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白（HRGP）含量并进行比较。结果表明：接种后抗病品种的防御酶活性和HRGP含量均有不同程度的变化,酶活性提高幅度较大的时期因酶种类而异,但都早于感病品种|感病品种防御酶活性升高较慢且较抗病品种滞后。与感病品种相比,抗病品种POD活性变化幅度最大,而HRGP含量变化幅度最小。β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性测定结果表明,抗病品种接种前酶活性高于感病品种,接种后感病和抗病品种酶活性变化趋势相同。 相似文献
14.
SummaryThe ability of benzothiadiazole (BTH) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to induce disease resistance in harvested banana fruits was investigated in relation to the activities of several defense-related enzymes. Harvested banana fruit were sprayed with BTH or MeJA solution before being stored at 22°C. Disease development and the activities of six defense-related enzymes were monitored during storage. Compared with untreated fruits, BTH or MeJA treatment significantly reduced the severity of disease in non-inoculated bananas, and lesion diameters and the incidence of disease in bananas inoculated with Colletotrichum musae. The activities of the defense-related enzymes peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), β1,3-glucanase, and chitinase were all enhanced in BTH- and in MeJA-treated banana fruit whether inoculated with the pathogen or not. The results suggest that post-harvest decay in bananas can be controlled by BTH or MeJA, and involves activation of the disease defense system. In non-inoculated bananas, MeJA and BTH had similar effects on the three defense enzymes (CAT, PPO and PAL), but different effects on the three PR proteins (POD, β1,3-glucanase and chitinase). In inoculated bananas, MeJA and BTH had similar effects on all six enzymes. 相似文献
15.
The objective of this work was to evaluate how disease resistance in harvested fruit of Yali pears (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) may be affected by acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) sprays on trees. Results showed that disease incidence and lesion diameter in mature pears from trees sprayed with ASM for three times during growth and inoculated with Penicillium expansum or Alternaria alternata after harvest were 27.9 and 42.7%, or 29.1 and 23.4% lower, respectively, than in control fruit 17 days after inoculation. Mature fruit from ASM-treated trees exhibited higher activities of defense enzymes including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase than in control at harvest. In young pears, activities of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, PAL, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were significantly enhanced by ASM after first spray on trees. The ASM spray also significantly increased H2O2 level and glutathione reductase activity, but reduced activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in young pears. The study indicated that enhancement of disease resistance in harvested Yali pear fruit could be the result of multiple effects of several factors related to plant defenses induced by ASM sprays on trees during fruit growth. Application of ASM in the field holds great promise for controlling postharvest diseases of the fruit. 相似文献
16.
以感病品种（老来少）和抗病品种（大油豆）为试材,在菜豆炭疽病菌侵染后的不同时间
（0、3、6、9、12 d）取样,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR 技术,对两者叶片中5 种防御酶基因（几丁质酶、
β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、SOD、POD 和LOX 基因）和HRGP 蛋白基因相对表达量进行研究。结果表明,除β-1,3-
葡聚糖酶基因、SOD 基因外,其他4 种防御基因在接种前的原始表达量均是抗病品种高于感病品种。接种
后,感病品种中的几丁质酶基因、LOX 基因表达量呈现先降低再升高的趋势,而抗病品种在感病品种表达
量降到最低值（3 d）时达到峰值,在整个阶段（0～12 d）抗病品种的相对表达量高于感病品种;抗、感
病品种的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因、POD 基因和SOD 基因的相对表达量在整个阶段呈相同的变化趋势,但
抗病品种的相对表达量高于感病品种。 相似文献
17.
Mango, the king of fruits in India is cultivated commercially in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Undoubtedly, mango malformation is a serious disease affecting mango production in India and many other countries around the world. It is now shown that the malady is inflicted by Fusarium, a fungus, and also that the plants have the capacity to suppress or reduce pathogen attack by inducing the synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites such as chitinase and/or the synthesis of lignin, both of which may enhance plant defense system. The present study was aimed at investigating the variability and relationship between activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and content of lignin in the leaves using 12 mango cultivars with the different degree of resistance to floral malformation. Results revealed that the activity of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in the leaves were significantly high in mango cultivars resistant to malformation (r = −0.90 and r = −0.91, respectively) during the flowering period, whereas lignin content did not show a significant correlation with malformation. The highest activity of chitinase (1.977–2.011 units) and β-1,3-glucanase (80.54–82.06 units) was recorded in resistant mango cultivars Bhadauran and Elaichi. In contrast, these activities were less than 1.010 and 25.21 respectively in highly susceptible mango cultivars such as Amrapali, Eldon and Neelum. Lignin content was highest in resistant cultivar Bhadauran, but it did not show significant relation to the malformation intensity of the cultivars. Thus, leaf chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase may be contributing towards resistance to malformation in mango and that the relative activities of these enzymes can be used as a criterion to predict and screen the mango germplasm and cultivars for resistance to floral malformation. 相似文献
18.
辣椒抗白粉病人工接种鉴定方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以不同抗感病辣椒品种（系）为试材,从接种浓度、调查时间、接种植株苗龄、接种后发病条
件、接种植株处理方式等方面对辣椒抗白粉病人工接种鉴定方法进行了研究。结果表明,辣椒抗白粉病
的最佳人工接种鉴定方法为：用含孢子1×104个·mL-1的菌悬液接种,接种15 d后进行抗病性鉴定,15
片真叶期为接种鉴定苗龄,接种后黑暗保湿24 h,随后转为白天温度23～27 ℃,相对湿度60 %～85 %,
夜间温度16~18 ℃,相对湿度95 %～100 %的环境条件适宜白粉病菌的侵染。 相似文献