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1.
Nociceptive neuronal circuits are formed during embryonic and postnatal times when painful stimuli are normally absent or limited. Today, medical procedures for neonates with health risks can involve tissue injury and pain for which the long-term effects are unknown. To investigate the impact of neonatal tissue injury and pain on development of nociceptive neuronal circuitry, we used an animal model of persistent hind paw peripheral inflammation. We found that, as adults, these animals exhibited spinal neuronal circuits with increased input and segmental changes in nociceptive primary afferent axons and altered responses to sensory stimulation. 相似文献
2.
观察脾虚证模型大鼠肝脏组织病理学变化,探讨脾虚证中肝脏组织病理学变化与脾虚证时肝脏功能障碍间的联系。利血平复制大鼠脾虚证模型,运用组织病理学研究方法,从不同方面观察研究肝脏组织病理学变化。在研究中发现,脾虚证模型大鼠肝脏组织中出现淤血,细胞变性,萎缩,炎性细胞浸润等病理变化,而且肝脏组织中糖原储存量显著减少,门管区胶原纤维增生,细胞中酸性磷酸酶活性升高,透射电镜观察发现细胞质中蓄积大量的次级溶酶体,细胞核出现皱缩,细胞体积减小,线粒体肿胀。脾虚证中肝脏组织发生多种组织病理学变化,很有可能是引起脾虚证肝功能障碍的原因。 相似文献
3.
日粮不同能量和蛋白质水平对乌金猪肌肉组织能量代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究日粮不同能量和蛋白质水平对乌金猪肌肉组织能量代谢的影响,试验选取体重约15kg的乌金猪108头,随机分为6组,下设３个重复,每个重复６头,在15～30,＞30～60,＞60～100kg体重阶段分别饲喂不同能量和蛋白质水平日粮,能量水平为：高消化能（HE,1422MJ/kg）、中消化能 (ME,1289MJ/kg)和低消化能 (LE,1174MJ/kg),蛋白水平为：高蛋白质 (HP,18％,16％,14％）、中蛋白质（MP,16％,14％,12％）和低蛋白质（LP,14％,12％和10％）,在体重30,60,100kg体重时分批屠宰,取血液、肝脏及肌肉组织样品,测定血糖、肝糖原、肌糖原和肌肉中乳酸的含量及肌肉中乳酸脱氢酶、钠钾ATP酶（Na+K+ATP酶）和钙镁ATP酶（Ca2+Mg2+ATP酶）的活性。结果表明,乌金猪血糖、肝糖原、肌糖原和肌肉中乳酸的含量及肌肉中乳酸脱氢酶、Na+K+ ATP酶和Ca2+Mg2+ATP酶的活性随日粮能量和蛋白质水平的升高而升高;在60kg体重时,高能量和高蛋白质日粮组乌金猪上述各项指标均明显升高（P<0.05）,在100kg体重时,高能量和高蛋白质日粮组乌金猪血糖、肝糖原和肌糖原的含量及Na+K+ATP酶和Ca2+Mg2+ATP酶的活性明显高于低能量和低蛋白质组（P<0.05）。本次试验结果表明高能量和高蛋白质日粮（HE,1422MJ/kg和HP,18％）可促进乌金猪肝糖原和肌糖原的合成,肌肉组织中糖酵解途径供能增加,能量代谢加强。研究结果对阐明日粮不同营养水平对猪肌肉组织能量代谢的影响机制具有重要科学意义。 相似文献
4.
为探究奶牛与肉牛肝脏组织在不同生长发育阶段中的差异,利用RNA-seq技术和生物信息学的研究方法,分别对海福特肉牛与荷斯坦奶牛6、9和12月龄3个不同生长发育阶段的肝脏组织进行基因差异表达及表达趋势分析。结果表明：1）海福特肉牛与荷斯坦奶牛之间在6、9和12月龄分别获得的差异表达基因为699、486和769个;2）对海福特肉牛与荷斯坦奶牛之间的差异表达基因进行功能注释,发现细胞色素P450信号通路和PPAR信号通路中差异表达基因的表达量在肉牛与奶牛之间存在差异,并且在不同生长阶段表达也不同。其中与脂肪细胞增殖和脂质代谢有关的功能基因：ACOX1、APOA1和ACADM,与天然免疫相关的通路中BoLA-DQB、BLA-DQB和BoLA-DQA这3个基因在海福特肉牛中的表达均高于荷斯坦奶牛;3)STEM分析结果显示荷斯坦奶牛与海福特肉牛肝脏组织在生长发育阶段中具有相同表达趋势中,奶牛与肉牛的时序性表达基因与代谢途径相关信号通路上存在差异。综上,本研究表明与脂质代谢和脂肪生成等代谢过程有关的途径可能在协同调控奶牛与肉牛生长发育阶段中发挥的作用及表达模式存在差异,这为深入研究奶牛与肉牛在生长发... 相似文献
5.
Crayfish interneurons were identified that appear to be directly responsible for presynaptic inhibition of primary afferent synapses during crayfish escape behavior. The interneurons are fired by a polysynaptic pathway triggered by the giant escape command axons. When directly stimulated, these interneurons produce short-latency, chloride-dependent primary afferent depolarizations and presynaptically inhibit primary afferent input to mechanosensory interneurons. 相似文献
6.
为了研究玉米低聚肽对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用,对小鼠经口灌胃200 mg/kg·d、400 mg/kg·d、800 mg/kg·d的玉米低聚肽进行肝损伤前预防, 30 d后,以10 mL/kg的剂量一次性灌胃0.5%的CCl4,16 h后测定小鼠的肝指数、肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 （GSH-px）;血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）,光镜下观察肝组织学变化。结果显示玉米低聚肽中、高剂量组均能显著降低CCl4所致急性肝损 伤小鼠的ALT、AST和MDA水平（P<0.05）,提高SOD和GSH-px活力（P<0.05）,且明显促进肝功能恢复,光镜下可见玉米低聚肽明显改善肝组织损伤程度,但对 肝指数无明显影响。上述结果表明玉米低聚肽对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤有保护作用。 相似文献
7.
【目的】选取分娩1周后的泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛6头,提前适应期1周后,正式饲喂从2013年6月29日至8月5日,总共35 d(5周),使泌乳奶牛处于热应激状态。进而检测泌乳奶牛乳产量及乳蛋白含量,血液中生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-I)、葡萄糖以及肝脏中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)和糖异生作用的变化情况,拟从GH-IGF-I轴的角度阐明泌乳奶牛发生热应激时对糖异生作用及乳品质下降的机制。为进一步揭示奶牛热应激的发生机理及控制奶牛热应激的发生提供理论依据。【方法】分别统计第1—5周泌乳奶牛的产奶量及分析乳蛋白含量,并采集泌乳奶牛颈静脉血液和进行活体采取肝脏组织的方法,检测血液中葡萄糖和GH、IGF-I的含量,采用实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)技术对奶牛肝脏组织中HSP70和糖异生的关键酶丙酮酸羧化酶(PC)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)以及生长激素受体(GHR)、胰岛素样生长因子受体(IGFR)进行检测。【结果】在35 d的饲喂过程中,日间平均气温在32℃以上的持续时间达25 d,且最高温度为38℃,高温持续时间大于72 h,即此气候条件下奶牛处于一个热应激状态。随着泌乳奶牛热应激程度的不断加深,从第1周到第5周产奶量和乳蛋白含量都有不同程度的下降。通过比较第5周和第1周泌乳奶牛肝脏中HSP70的表达,发现第5周HSP70的表达量极显著高于第1周。检测血液中GH、IGF-I以及葡萄糖的含量,发现在第5周的时候其含量均高于第1周且差异显著(P0.05);检测泌乳奶牛肝脏组织中PC和PEPCK的表达水平,发现第5周显著高于第1周(P0.05);通过检测第5周与第1周肝脏组织中GH和IGF-I受体的表达水平,发现GHR和IGFR同样上调,其中IGFR显著上调(P0.05)。【结论】随着泌乳奶牛热应激的程度的不断加深,血液中的葡萄糖含量显著升高,其可能是由于垂体分泌的GH刺激肝脏产生更多的IGF-I,即通过GHIGF-I轴上调肝脏糖异生途径关键酶的表达,使糖异生途径处于激活状态。而乳中乳蛋白含量的下降可能是由于其前体物被过多的用来进行糖异生作用,增加血液中葡萄糖含量,维持机体正常供能所致。 相似文献
8.
Kir S Beddow SA Samuel VT Miller P Previs SF Suino-Powell K Xu HE Shulman GI Kliewer SA Mangelsdorf DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6024):1621-1624
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 is an enterokine synthesized and released when bile acids are taken up into the ileum. We show that FGF19 stimulates hepatic protein and glycogen synthesis but does not induce lipogenesis. The effects of FGF19 are independent of the activity of either insulin or the protein kinase Akt and, instead, are mediated through a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway that activates components of the protein translation machinery and stimulates glycogen synthase activity. Mice lacking FGF15 (the mouse FGF19 ortholog) fail to properly maintain blood concentrations of glucose and normal postprandial amounts of liver glycogen. FGF19 treatment restored the loss of glycogen in diabetic animals lacking insulin. Thus, FGF19 activates a physiologically important, insulin-independent endocrine pathway that regulates hepatic protein and glycogen metabolism. 相似文献
9.
Entrainment of the circadian clock in the liver by feeding 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Circadian rhythms of behavior are driven by oscillators in the brain that are coupled to the environmental light cycle. Circadian rhythms of gene expression occur widely in peripheral organs. It is unclear how these multiple rhythms are coupled together to form a coherent system. To study such coupling, we investigated the effects of cycles of food availability (which exert powerful entraining effects on behavior) on the rhythms of gene expression in the liver, lung, and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We used a transgenic rat model whose tissues express luciferase in vitro. Although rhythmicity in the SCN remained phase-locked to the light-dark cycle, restricted feeding rapidly entrained the liver, shifting its rhythm by 10 hours within 2 days. Our results demonstrate that feeding cycles can entrain the liver independently of the SCN and the light cycle, and they suggest the need to reexamine the mammalian circadian hierarchy. They also raise the possibility that peripheral circadian oscillators like those in the liver may be coupled to the SCN primarily through rhythmic behavior, such as feeding. 相似文献
10.
Developmental integration results from coordination among components of different embryonic fields to realize the later anatomical and functional relationships. We demonstrate that in the chick head, integration between the epibranchial placodes and the hindbrain is achieved as the neuroglial hindbrain crest cells guide the epibranchial neuronal cells inward to establish their central connections. This work defines a role for the neuroglial hindbrain crest in organizing the afferent innervation of the hindbrain. 相似文献
11.
瘦蛋白受体(OBR)属于Ⅰ类细胞因子超家族受体,其在瘦蛋白的信号转导途径中起着关键的作用。本研究采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测鸡OBR基因在不同发育阶段(1日龄,2,4,6,8和10周龄)的肉鸡和蛋鸡肝脏组织中的表达情况。结果发现,OBR基因在肉鸡和蛋鸡肝脏中表达存在差异,除4周龄外,其它时期肉鸡OBR基因表达水平均高于蛋鸡。研究结果同时表明,饲料能量水平影响OBR基因的表达水平。 相似文献
12.
基于本课题组前期研究发现甘草提取物有降低滩羊皮下脂肪沉积的趋势,本试验为研究甘草提取物对脂肪代谢中枢组织——肝脏脂肪代谢关键酶活性的影响,选择日龄与体重相近的滩羊公羔50只,随机分为5组,每组10只,基础日粮中甘草提取物添加水平分别为0、1 000、2 000、3 000和4 000 mg/kg.120 d后试验羊屠宰,测定肝脏甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)含量,脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、还原型辅酶Ⅱ(NADPH)生成酶、肝脂酶(HL)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)和总脂酶(TL)活性.结果表明,甘草提取物显著降低了肝脏TG含量(P＜0.05),添加水平在1 000、2 000、3 000和4 000 mg/kg基础日粮时,与对照组(0 mg/kg)相比分别下降了28.3％、45.5％、44.0％及40.8％;同时甘草提取物显著提高了分解酶(HL、LPL和TL)活性(P＜0.05),对TC含量、FAS及NADPH生成酶活性的影响未达到显著水平(P＞0.05).据此推测,甘草提取物主要通过调节脂肪氧化途径的关键酶活性来抑制滩羊肝脏内脂肪的沉积,进而减少肝脏内脂肪向外周组织的转运,达到降低皮下脂肪沉积的作用. 相似文献
13.
Balsalobre A Brown SA Marcacci L Tronche F Kellendonk C Reichardt HM Schütz G Schibler U 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5488):2344-2347
In mammals, circadian oscillators reside not only in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, which harbors the central pacemaker, but also in most peripheral tissues. Here, we show that the glucocorticoid hormone analog dexamethasone induces circadian gene expression in cultured rat-1 fibroblasts and transiently changes the phase of circadian gene expression in liver, kidney, and heart. However, dexamethasone does not affect cyclic gene expression in neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This enabled us to establish an apparent phase-shift response curve specifically for peripheral clocks in intact animals. In contrast to the central clock, circadian oscillators in peripheral tissues appear to remain responsive to phase resetting throughout the day. 相似文献
14.
Plasticity of hippocampal circuitry in Alzheimer's disease 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
J W Geddes D T Monaghan C W Cotman I T Lott R C Kim H C Chui 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,230(4730):1179-1181
Two markers of neuronal plasticity were used to compare the response of the human central nervous system to neuronal loss resulting from Alzheimer's disease with the response of rats to a similar neuronal loss induced by lesions. In rats that had received lesions of the entorhinal cortex, axon sprouting of commissural and associational fibers into the denervated molecular layer of the dentate gyrus was paralleled by a spread in the distribution of tritiated kainic acid-binding sites. A similar expansion of kainic acid receptor distribution was observed in hippocampal samples obtained postmortem from patients with Alzheimer's disease. An enhancement of acetylcholinesterase activity in the dentate gyrus molecular layer, indicative of septal afferent sprouting, was also observed in those patients with a minimal loss of cholinergic neurons. These results are evidence that the central nervous system is capable of a plastic response in Alzheimer's disease. Adaptive growth responses occur along with the degenerative events. 相似文献
15.
目的：观察苦参注射液对慢性乙型肝炎性肝硬化的临床效果及其作用机制.方法将58例慢性乙型肝炎性肝硬化患者随机分为观察组和对照组,在一般支持治疗的基础上,观察组加用苦参注射液,治疗8周后,比较两组肝功能、肝纤维化指标.结果观察组肝功能改善显著,肝纤维化减轻,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论在正常治疗基础上加用苦参注射液,有助于肝炎性肝硬化患者的肝功能恢复,有较好的临床效果.其作用机制可能是通过影响外周单核细胞IL-10表达、调节机体促炎抗炎平衡而实现的. 相似文献
16.
A Trehub 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,174(10):722-723
Knowledge of the bioelectric signal-to-noise ratios in rat brain makes it possible to demonstrate for the first time that the brain functions as a coherent signal detector, an important class of detectors that are explicitly formulated within the statistical theory of communication. Within an afferent neuronal channel of a single modality, the brain functions as a parallel signal processor. 相似文献
17.
利用组织能量密度测定技术和残差指标分析方法,分析了南海鸢乌贼微型群个体肌肉组织和性腺组织的能量积累及其分配规律的变化过程。结果显示,微型群个体的肌肉、性腺组织之间的能量密度存在显著性差异;除缠卵腺之外,其它组织的能量密度均随性腺发育变化显著。肌肉组织和性腺组织的组织能量积累均随性腺发育增加显著。同一性腺成熟度等级,肌肉组织的相对组织能量积累较高,性腺组织的相对组织能量积累相对较低。雌性个体性腺组织相对组织能量积累随着性腺发育增长显著,雄性个体性腺组织相对组织能量积累在Ⅰ期~Ⅴ期增长较快,在Ⅵ期~Ⅶ期趋于稳定。肌肉和性腺组织在性腺发育后期的质量特征较发育前期均显著改善,并且肌肉组织能量积累-胴长残差与性腺组织能量积累-胴长残差呈显著的正相关关系,表明性腺发育过程中的肌肉组织与性腺组织之间不存在能量交流。研究表明,南海鸢乌贼微型群个体的生殖能量倾向于外源性投入,肌肉和性腺组织的组织能量密度、组织能量积累和相对组织能量积累存在雌雄差异性。 相似文献
18.
To determine whether peripheral afferent pathways could be bypassed in the performance of purposive movement, a group of monkeys was trained to avoid shock by flexing a forelimb in response to an auditory stimulus. The dorsal roots of the responding limb were then sectioned. Postoperatively it was found that the affected limb could be reconditioned. 相似文献
19.
Cytochrome p-450: localization in rabbit lung 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
C J Serabjit-Singh C R Wolf R M Philpot C G Plopper 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,207(4438):1469-1470
Cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase systems, which metabolize endogenous as well as foriegn compounds, are found in hepatic and several extrahepatic tissues of mammals, including humans. A form of cytochrome P-450 is localized in the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells (Clara cells) of the small airways of rabbit lung. The apparent high concentration of the cytochrome in this pulmonary cell type compared to liver may be an important determinant in the susceptibility of the lung to a number of toxic chemicals that undergo metabolic activation. 相似文献
20.
The inversion of sensory processing by feedback pathways: a model of visual cognitive functions 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The mammalian visual system has a hierarchic structure with extensive reciprocal connections. A model is proposed in which the feedback pathways serve to modify afferent sensory stimuli in ways that enhance and complete sensory input patterns, suppress irrelevant features, and generate quasi-sensory patterns when afferent stimulation is weak or absent. Such inversion of sensory coding and feature extraction can be achieved by optimization processes in which scalar responses derived from high-level neural analyzers are used as cost functions to modify the filter properties of more peripheral sensory relays. An optimization algorithm, Alopex, which is used in the model, is readily implemented with known neural circuitry. The functioning of the system is investigated by computer simulations. 相似文献