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以草莓连作土壤为材料,探讨杀菌剂敌磺钠以及有机肥和微生物菌肥对草莓连作土壤微生物多样性的影响,以期为草莓连作障碍治理提供理论依据。分别采集敌磺钠处理前(A)、敌磺钠处理后(B)、处理后添加化肥(CK)、处理后添加有机肥(OF)、处理后添加微生物菌肥和有机肥(MF)的草莓土壤以及根际土壤样本,利用MiSeq高通量测序平台,根据测序技术及生物信息学,分析土壤微生物多样性在不同处理后的变化。结果表明,草莓连作土壤经过敌磺钠处理后,细菌以及真菌的多样性都有所降低,细菌的Shannon指数从8.93降到7.77,而真菌的Shannon指数从4.52降为0.46;细菌的Methylocaldum属和Phormidium属,真菌中的Zygomycota门、Rozellomycota门和Chytridiomycot门以及Podospora属在敌磺钠处理后,丰度值均为0;与对照比较,在处理后的土壤中添加有机肥和微生物菌肥,都能提高土壤细菌的多样性,降低真菌的多样性,其中,从门水平看,添加微生物菌肥处理后,细菌中的Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi,Firmicutes,[thermi],Cyanobacteria和Basidiomycota的丰度值较高;在属水平上,添加微生物菌肥处理后,细菌中的Pseudomonas,Luteimonas,Lysobacter,Streptomyces,Chloronema,Bacillus,B-42属和真菌中的Podospora属的丰度值较高。采用敌磺钠和微生物菌肥共同处理草莓连作土壤,可以降低真菌的多样性,提高细菌的多样性,并提高有益菌属的丰度值,起到防治草莓土传病害的作用。 相似文献
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连续4年施用生物炭对植烟褐土微生物群落结构的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为研究连续多年施用生物炭对褐土土壤细菌、真菌多样性以及群落结构的影响,同时了解其变化与土壤理化性质的关系,设计了3种生物炭用量处理(1.5、15、45 t·hm-2生物炭,各添加30 kg·hm-2纯氮)进行定位研究,结果表明:①生物炭均显著提高各处理土壤速效磷、速效钾、有机质、pH和含水率,显著降低了土壤容重。②施用生物炭对细菌、真菌OTU数量和α多样性指数没有显著性影响,但PCA分析结果表明,生物炭处理显著改变了细菌、真菌群落结构。③15 t·hm-2生物炭处理对细菌、真菌优势菌群相对丰度影响明显,显著提高了变形菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门、子囊菌门的相对丰度, 显著降低了酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门的相对丰度。④细菌、真菌群落与环境因素分析表明,土壤全氮、铵态氮与细菌群落结构具有极显著相关关系(P<0.01),土壤铵态氮、速效钾、土壤容重与真菌群落结构分布具有显著相关性(P<0.05)。说明连续施用生物炭改变了土壤细、真菌群落结构,其中15 t·hm-2生物炭处理对土壤优势菌群影响最为显著,同时使用生物炭后土壤理化性质的改变与土壤细、真菌群落分布具有显著相关性,可为生物炭改良褐土微生物多样性以及群落结构提供数据支撑。 相似文献
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黑土细菌及真菌群落对长期施肥响应的差异及其驱动因素 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
【目的】研究长期施肥对黑土细菌和真菌群落结构影响差异,探索黑土肥力对长期施用化肥和有机肥响应差异的生物学机制,为黑土的肥力培育和合理施肥提供科学理论依据。【方法】基于35年的长期定位施肥试验,采用定量PCR方法和Miseq高通量测序技术,分析长期不施肥(CK)、氮肥(N)、有机肥(M)和有机无机配施肥(MN)处理下,黑土细菌及真菌的数量、群落结构和多样性的差异。同时结合土壤理化性状,探究不同施肥条件下细菌和真菌群落变化的环境驱动因子。【结果】N处理对土壤细菌的数量没有显著影响,但使其群落多样性降低了13.2%-48.5%。N处理使真菌的数量增加了24倍,多样性降低了4.6%-80.3%。与N处理相比,MN处理使细菌数量和多样性分别增加了2倍和7.7%-46.6%,而真菌的数量虽降低了14.2%,但其多样性提高了62%-237%。单施氮肥增加了土壤细菌酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)中的Acidobacteria_Gp1、Gp3及变形菌门(Proteobacteria)中的α-Proteobacteria的相对丰度,并使土壤真菌中伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes)的相对丰度增加了41倍。与N处理相比,MN处理下细菌的各主要类群丰度未发生显著变化,但M处理下土壤细菌中的α-Proteobacteria、Acidobacteria_Gp1和Gp3丰度分别显著降低了26、97和81个百分点,Acidobacteria_Gp4、Gp6和Plancomycetes的丰度分别显著增加了11倍、9倍和2倍。细菌群落结构在MN与N处理之间无显著差异,明显区别于CK和M处理,pH为主要驱动因素,其阈值为6.07;真菌群落结构在CK、M和MN处理下相似,显著区别于N处理,两组处理之间差异由速效钾含量(125.5 mg·kg-1)驱动。另外,有机质含量对于细菌和真菌群落均是重要的驱动因素,但调控细菌群落结构的阈值为28.4 g·kg-1,而驱动真菌群落结构的阈值为30.8 g·kg-1。【结论】黑土细菌对有机肥的响应较强,而真菌对化肥更为敏感。长期施用化肥会刺激土壤中嗜酸细菌和真菌的生长,而有机无机肥配施可提高土壤微生物群落多样性,刺激有益菌的生长。土壤pH和有效钾含量分别是调控细菌和真菌群落结构的重要影响因素,在黑土肥力培育中应引起充分的重视。 相似文献
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为研究薄壳山核桃-小麦套作系统产量效益及土壤微生物群落情况,以薄壳山核桃单作(P)和薄壳山核桃-小麦套作(PW)为研究对象,分析比较2种模式下的产量效益,利用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术对土壤细菌及真菌多样性、群落结构、标志物种和共现网络进行研究,并探究土壤化学性质与微生物的关系。结果表明:1)套作后坚果产量显著低于单作,总产值显著高于单作;2)套作导致土壤细菌多样性和真菌丰富度显著降低;3)细菌和真菌群落结构因套作显著改变,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)与担子菌门(Basidiomycota)丰度显著提高,酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)丰度显著降低,微球菌科(Micrococcaceae)、黄色杆菌科(Xanthobacteraceae)、小单孢菌科(Micromonosporaceae)、鞘脂单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、热酸菌属(Acidothermus)、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)、假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)和外瓶霉属(Exophiala)等标志物种于套作土壤中富集;4)套作使细菌网络复杂性增强,真菌网络... 相似文献
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地膜覆盖对农田土壤肥力保持和农作物增产等方面具有重要作用,本研究旨在探究可降解麻地膜对作物根际土壤微生物群落组成和多样性的影响,分析土壤微生物群落与土壤环境因子之间的相关关系。本研究以番茄成熟期根际土壤为研究对象,通过高通量测序技术,对麻地膜和塑料地膜处理下番茄根际土壤细菌和真菌微生物群落组成及多样性进行分析,进一步分析土壤环境因子与微生物群落的相关性。结果表明,麻地膜处理对土壤水解氮、有效磷和速效钾没有显著影响,而塑料地膜处理显著降低了水解氮、有机磷和速效钾含量。覆膜处理未显著影响土壤细菌多样性,麻地膜处理显著增加了土壤节细菌属、糖霉菌属和鞘脂菌属等与土壤碳降解相关细菌的相对丰度,促进了土壤碳循环过程;塑料地膜显著降低了节细菌属、伯克霍尔德菌属和丰佑菌属等有益细菌的相对丰度。覆膜处理显著增加了土壤真菌多样性,麻地膜和塑料地膜处理均显著降低了镰刀菌属的相对丰度;而麻地膜处理显著增加了支顶孢属等抑菌真菌的相对丰度,抑制了土壤中病原真菌的繁殖。土壤速效钾是影响土壤细菌和真菌群落组成最主要的环境因子。麻地膜可以增加土壤酶活性,改善土壤细菌和真菌群落组成,改善土壤健康。 相似文献
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【目的】 明确淹水对连作辣椒土壤环境的影响,为减轻辣椒连作障碍提供技术依据。【方法】 以安徽和县的大棚内连作辣椒进行连续3年的淹水和不淹水土壤为研究对象,以不淹水为对照,采用流动分析仪、qPCR荧光定量技术和Miseq测序技术探究淹水对辣椒连作土壤化学性质和微生物群落结构的影响;同时以辣椒为试材,采用体外培养皿法验证淹水和不淹水土壤对辣椒种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。【结果】 土壤淹水处理显著降低了土壤EC值、有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮、速效钾和有效磷的含量。荧光定量结果表明土壤淹水处理显著增加了细菌菌群丰度(P<0.05),但降低了真菌菌群丰度。高通量测序结果表明,微生物群落组成在门水平上,淹水处理显著增加了放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和Myxococcota的相对丰度,降低了厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)的相对丰度;在属水平上,淹水处理降低了潜在病原菌镰孢菌属(Fusarium)相对丰度并与土壤硝态氮呈显著正相关,增加了潜在固氮菌属中的固氮弧菌属(Azoarcus)、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)、Sideroxydans、Candidatus_Solibacter、藓杆菌属(Bryobacter)及潜在有益菌属Aspergillus和枝顶孢霉属(Acremonium)的相对丰度,并与土壤硝态氮呈显著负相关;土壤硝态氮含量显著影响土壤细菌和真菌的群落结构。培养皿试验结果表明,淹水处理土壤中的辣椒种子发芽率、幼苗鲜重和根长显著高于不淹水处理土壤。【结论】 辣椒连作土壤淹水处理显著降低了EC值,降低了潜在病原菌和增加了潜在有益菌丰度,但土壤速效养分含量显著降低。同时,土壤淹水有利于辣椒种子萌发与幼苗生长,有利于缓解辣椒连作障碍。 相似文献
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为研究红壤微生物丰度和群落组成对不同调酸剂的响应,分析影响碳/氮关键代谢过程微生物的变化,通过盆栽实验,设置不施肥(CK)、钙镁复合剂(L)、钙镁复合剂配施猪粪(ML)和钙镁复合剂配施秸秆(SL)4个处理,采用宏基因组测序技术,分析土壤细菌、真菌和古菌以及碳/氮代谢关键过程微生物。结果表明:L、ML和SL处理显著提高土壤pH值和交换性钙/镁,显著降低土壤交换性酸。调酸剂增加了细菌优势菌中的变形菌门相对丰度,降低了绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门相对丰度;降低了真菌优势菌中的毛霉菌门相对丰度;增加了古菌优势菌中的广古菌门和深古菌门的相对丰度,降低了奇古菌门的相对丰度。冗余分析结果显示,速效钾是影响土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的主要环境因子,土壤pH和有机碳是影响土壤真菌和古菌群落结构组成的关键因子。碳代谢过程的贡献度方面,变形菌门的贡献度在SL处理中最高,放线菌门和芽单胞菌门的贡献度在ML处理中最高。氮代谢过程中,各处理绿弯菌门对硝化作用的贡献率均超过80%。调酸降低了绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门在反硝化与硝酸盐异化还原过程中的贡献度,L与SL处理的变形菌门贡献度低于ML处理,而ML处理的放线菌门贡献度高于L与SL处... 相似文献
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覆盖对城市裸露土壤真菌多样性及群落结构的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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采集3种不同程度(低、中、高)铅(Pb)和镉(Cd)长期复合污染农田土壤进行90 d盆栽试验,研究了2%和4%(炭/土质量比)生物质炭施用对土壤养分、重金属含量、土壤微生物丰度和活性的影响,旨在探明生物质炭对长期重金属污染抑制土壤微生物活性的缓解作用。结果表明:相比低水平铅镉污染土壤,长期中、高水平铅镉污染显著降低了土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)总量(降幅分别为14%和24%)、革兰氏阴性细菌数量(34%和47%)和真菌数量(56%和57%),提高了细菌胁迫指数(增幅分别为178%和163%)和土壤基础呼吸(51%和73%),且微生物活性受重金属抑制作用随污染程度提高而加剧;相反,生物质炭添加使3种污染土壤可提取态铅和镉的含量分别降低了65%~71%和28%~52%,显著提高了土壤革兰氏阳性(平均14%)和阴性细菌(30%)、真菌数量(32%)、脱氢酶活性(426%)和底物诱导呼吸速率(99%),降低了细菌胁迫指数(20%)。铅镉污染和生物质炭处理均改变了土壤微生物群落结构,且两者具有显著的交互效应。冗余分析表明,土壤铅、镉总量和可提取态含量是影响土壤微生物群落结构变异的主导因素。可提取态铅和镉的含量与微生物丰度呈显著负相关,而土壤pH、有机碳和全氮含量与微生物丰度呈显著正相关。研究表明,生物质炭施用可减轻重金属污染对土壤微生物活性的胁迫作用,促进微生物生长及其潜在的养分周转功能。 相似文献
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不同栽培模式对辣椒根际连作土壤微生物区系和酶活性的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以连作3年辣椒、大蒜-辣椒轮作、玉米-辣椒间作根际土壤为研究对象,探讨了大蒜-辣椒轮作和玉米-辣椒间作处理对连作辣椒土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响,以期为缓解辣椒连作障碍提供理论依据。结果表明,与连作3年辣椒土壤相比,轮间作处理的土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性显著提高,细菌、放线菌数量显著增加,真菌数量显著减少(P<0.05)。高通量测序结果表明,轮间作处理土壤微生物群落结构组成相似,但与连作3年土壤微生物结构差异较大,供试土壤中细菌优势种群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),并且酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidete)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和黄单孢菌目(Xanthomonada)在不同处理土壤中相对丰度差异显著;真菌优势种群为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota),其中镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、座囊菌纲(Dothideomycetes)、接合菌门(Zygomycota)在不同处理土壤中相对丰度差异显著(P<0.05)。此外,轮间作处理能够显著降低潜在病原菌的相对丰度并提高潜在有益菌丰度,从而改善土壤微生物结构,同时显著提高了土壤酶活性和土壤细菌群落多样性。 相似文献
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Effects of a decade of organic fertilizer substitution on vegetable yield and soil phosphorus pools,phosphatase activities,and the microbial community in a greenhouse vegetable production system 下载免费PDF全文
ZHANG Yin-Jie GAO Wei LUAN Hao-an TAND Ji-wei LI Ruo-nan LI Ming-Yue ZHANG Huai-zhi HUANG Shao-wen 《农业科学学报》2022,21(7):2119-2133
Partial substitution of chemical fertilizers by organic amendments is adopted widely for promoting the availability of soil phosphorus (P) in agricultural production. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the effects of long-term organic substitution on soil P availability and microbial activity in greenhouse vegetable fields. A 10-year (2009–2019) field experiment was carried out to investigate the impacts of organic fertilizer substitution on soil P pools, phosphatase activities and the microbial community, and identify factors that regulate these soil P transformation characteristics. Four treatments included 100% chemical N fertilizer (4CN), 50% substitution of chemical N by manure (2CN+2MN), straw (2CN+2SN), and combined manure with straw (2CN+1MN+1SN). Compared with the 4CN treatment, organic substitution treatments increased celery and tomato yields by 6.9−13.8% and 8.6−18.1%, respectively, with the highest yields being in the 2CN+1MN+1SN treatment. After 10 years of fertilization, organic substitution treatments reduced total P and inorganic P accumulation, increased the concentrations of available P, organic P, and microbial biomass P, and promoted phosphatase activities (alkaline and acid phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, and phytase) and microbial growth in comparison with the 4CN treatment. Further, organic substitution treatments significantly increased soil C/P, and the partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) revealed that the soil C/P ratio directly and significantly affected phosphatase activities and the microbial biomass and positively influenced soil P pools and vegetable yield. Partial least squares (PLS) regression demonstrated that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi positively affected phosphatase activities. Our results suggest that organic fertilizer substitution can promote soil P transformation and availability. Combining manure with straw was more effective than applying these materials separately for developing sustainable P management practices. 相似文献
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The dynamic changes in microbial diversity during the aerobic composting of agricultural crop straw with additives were evaluated using high-throughput sequencing at four phases of composting (mesophilic,thermophilic,cooling and maturation phases).In addition,the physicochemical parameters of the composting system were determined in this study.The fermentation time of the thermophilic period was prolonged with the addition of urea or urea combined with a microbial agent.The ratio of C/N and germination index variation indicated that the additives were favorable for composting,because the additives directly changed the physicochemical properties of the compost and had effects on the diversity and abundance of bacteria and fungi.The abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs),diversity index (Shannon) and richness index(Chao1) of fungi and bacteria were found to significantly increase when urea+microbial agents were added to straw in the thermophilic phase.The relative abundance of the predominant bacteria and fungi at the phylum and genus levels differed during different composting phases.The abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria declined in the order of treatments SNWSNS (S is straw only compost;SN is straw+5 kg t~(–1) urea compost;and SNW is straw+5 kg t~(–1) urea+1 kg t~(–1) microbial agent compost) in the thermophilic phase.The abundance of the genera Staphylococcus,Bacillus and Thermobifida followed the same order in the mesophilic phase.Ascomycota accounted for more than 92%of the total fungal sequences.With the progression of the composting process,the abundance of Ascomycota decreased gradually.The abundance of Ascomycota followed the order of SSNSNW during the thermophilic phase.The abundance of Aspergillus accounted for 4–59%of the total abundance of fungi and increased during the first two sampling periods.Aspergillus abundance followed the order of SNWSNS.Additionally,principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the community compositions in the straw and straw+urea treatments were similar,and that the bacterial communities in treatments S,SN and SNW in the mesophilic phase (at day 1) were different from those observed in three other phases (at days 5,11,and19,respectively),while the fungal communities showed only slight variations in their structure in response to changes in the composting process.Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that total carbon(TC),NO_3~–-N (NN),electrical conductivity (EC) and p H were highly correlated with community composition.Therefore,this study highlights that the additives are beneficial to straw composting and result in good quality compost. 相似文献
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Qin-lei RONG Ruo-nan LI Shao-wen HUANG Ji-wei TANG Yan-cai ZHANG Li-ying WANG 《农业科学学报》2018,17(6):1432-1444
Greenhouse vegetable production has been characterized by high agricultural inputs, high temperatures, and high cropping indexes. As an intensive form of agriculture, nutrient cycling induced by microbial activities in the greenhouses is relatively different from open fields in the same region. However, the responses of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), enzyme activities, microbial community composition, and yield to organic amendment are not well understood. Therefore, a 5-year greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)-cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) rotation experiment was conducted. The field experiment comprised 5 treatments: 4/4CN (CN, nitrogen in chemical fertilizer), 3/4CN+1/4MN (MN, nitrogen in pig manure), 2/4CN+2/4MN, 2/4CN+1/4 MN+1/4 SN (SN, nitrogen in corn straw) and 2/4CN+2/4SN. The amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) were equal in the five treatments. Starting with the fourth growing season, the optimal yield was obtained from soil treated with straw. MBC, MBN, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles, and enzyme activities were significantly changed by 5 years of substitution with organic amendments. Redundancy analysis showed that MBC accounts for 89.5 and 52.3% of the total enzyme activity and total community variability, respectively. The activities of phosphomonoesterase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and urease, and the relative abundances of fungi, actinomycetes, and Gram-negative bacteria were significantly and positively related to vegetable yields. Considering the effects of organic amendments on soil microbial characteristics and vegetable yield, 2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN can improve soil quality and maintain sustainable high yield in greenhouse vegetable production. 相似文献