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广东省园林植物长针科和毛刺科线虫调查初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008～2010年,对广东省园林植物线虫进行调查,共采集324份样品,分离到长针科和毛刺科线虫4属10个种。其中长针科线虫7种:移去剑线虫(Xiphinema elongatum)、标明剑线虫(X.insigne)、湖南剑线虫(X.hunaniense)、巴西剑线虫(X.brasiliense)、短颈剑线虫(X.brevicollum)、荔枝长针线虫(Longi-dorus litchii)和河南长针线虫(L.henanus);毛刺科线虫3种:胼胝拟毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus porosus)、肾形拟毛刺线虫(P.renifer)和雪松毛刺线虫(Trichodorus cedarus)。 相似文献
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2000年4月20和22日,南海某公司代理顺德一园艺场从南海口岸报检进口两批马来西亚种苗。每批各有9个品种和9240株。检验检疫人员在对种苗的生长介质进行线虫检验时,从其中的3个品种分离到检疫危险性剑线虫Ｘｉｐｈｉｎｅｍａｓｐ.和长针属线虫Ｌｏｎｇｉｄｏｒｕｓｓｐ.,即从密叶蒲葵Ｌｉｖｉｓｔｏｎａｓｐ.和罗汉松Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐｕｓｓｐ.检出剑线虫,从密叶蒲葵和圆扇椰子Ｌｉｃｕａｌａｓｐ.检获长针线虫。马来西亚是我国进口种苗的主要输出国之一,有必要加强对其入境种苗生长介质的线虫检验检疫从马来西亚种苗截获剑线虫和长针线虫$南… 相似文献
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从宁波口岸进境的日本鸡爪槭(Acer palmatum)景观树根际介质中分离到1种胞囊线虫属的2龄幼虫,通过形态鉴定和分子特征分析,鉴定其为旱稻胞囊线虫(Heterodera elachista Ohshima,1974)。该日本群体的2龄幼虫体长374~421μm;唇区有3个唇环;口针粗壮,长16.5~19.2μm,基部球圆形或前端略凹陷;侧线3条;尾长圆锥形,末端细圆,透明尾长22.9~30.7μm,约占尾长的50%。基于核糖体DNA的28S-D2/D3区和ITS区序列构建的系统发育树以及ITS序列酶切分析证实该鉴定结论,这是我国首次截获旱稻胞囊线虫。 相似文献
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日本盆景中截获的短体线虫与根结线虫的鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《植物检疫》2015,(4)
2014年,天津口岸从日本进境盆景中截获3种短体线虫和1种根结线虫。通过形态学和DNA条形码方法将截获的短体线虫鉴定为朱顶红短体线虫(Pratylenchus hippeastri)、伤残短体线虫(P.vulnus)和穿刺短体线虫(P.penetrans)。根据形态学并结合特异PCR和DNA条形码方法,将截获的根结线虫2龄幼虫鉴定为南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)。朱顶红短体线虫是短体线虫属非中国种,为我国进境植物检疫性有害生物,在挪威槭和榉树盆景中截获该线虫为国内外首次报道。 相似文献
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对一株进境隔离种植中疑似病毒症状的荷兰百合进行检测、鉴定。采用RT-PCR方法对疑似样品的部分基因序列进行扩增、测序,比对后,建立系统发育树进行亲缘关系分析。结果表明,采用香石竹潜隐病毒属和马铃薯X病毒属(CarlapCar1I/M4T和Potex 5/Potex 1RC)简并引物均可扩增到预期大小的片段(1 257 nts和737 nts)。序列分析显示,扩增片段与车前草花叶病毒(Plantago asiatica mosaic virus,Pl AMV)3'端序列(包含TGBp2、TGBp1、CP,3’-NTS)和部分依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶基因序列一致性可达79.9%~99.5%和80.5%~99.3%。利用PlAMV的特异性引物(PlAMV-cpup/PlAMV-cpdw)进行检测,结果进一步证实该百合样品含有PlAMV。通过建立系统发育树得出,该病毒分离物与来自荷兰的PlAMV百合分离物优先聚为一簇,表明二者的亲缘关系最近。这是我国口岸首次截获车前草花叶病毒的报道。 相似文献
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潜根线虫(Hirschmanniella spp.)是一类寄生于水稻根部的重要病原线虫,在我国多个省份和地区皆有分布,然而江苏稻区有关该线虫发生和危害鲜有报道。从江苏省农科院水稻实验田采集的水稻根部分离到大量潜根线虫,利用光学和扫描电镜显微观察确定所分离到的线虫优势种群为细尖潜根线虫(Hirschmanniella mucronata),de-Man形态学数据显示江苏分离群体与其他已报道的H. mucronata分离群体具有一定差异,但基本处于标准模式值范围。分别对ITS-rRNA、28S rRNA D2-D3扩展区、18S rRNA、细胞色素氧化酶c亚基I(COI)和热激蛋白90(Hsp90)序列进行PCR扩增,新获得的H. mucronata ITS序列与中国台湾和比利时分离群体具有高度相似性,同时比较各分离群体的ITS1、5.8S和ITS2序列碱基变异,显示我国江苏、台湾和比利时群体差异最小。基于28S rRNA D2-D3扩展区、18S rRNA和ITS-rRNA序列构建的贝叶斯和最大似然进化树将潜根线虫划分为3个进化分支,与已报道的其他H. mucronata种群共同位于第二分支。 相似文献
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Carlos Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete Wilfrida Decraemer Nicola Vovlas Tom Prior Juan E. Palomares Rius Pablo Castillo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(3):561-597
During nematode surveys in southern Spain and Italy 14 populations of Xiphinema species tentatively identified as Xiphinema americanum-group were detected. Morphological and morphometrical studies identified three new species and six known Xiphinema americanum-group species, viz.: Xiphinema parabrevicolle n. sp., Xiphinema parapachydermum n. sp., Xiphinema paratenuicutis n. sp., Xiphinema duriense, Xiphinema incertum, Xiphinema opisthohysterum, Xiphinema pachtaicum, Xiphinema rivesi, and Xiphinema santos. The Xiphinema americanum-group is the most difficult Xiphinema species group for diagnosis since the morphology is very conservative and morphometric characters often overlap. This group includes vectors of several important plant pathogenic viruses that cause significant damage to a wide range of agricultural crops. Molecular characterisation of these species using D2-D3 expansion regions of 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA, ITS1-rRNA and the protein-coding mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 was carried out and maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among these species and with other Xiphinema americanum-group species. 相似文献
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为明确甘肃省党参根结线虫病的发生、分布及病原种类,在甘肃省党参主产区调查、统计田间根结线虫病发生情况,并通过形态学和分子生物学方法进行种类鉴定。结果表明,甘肃省6个党参主产区均有根结线虫病发生,病田率、病株率分别为40.7%、13.2%,病情指数为10.4。依据根结线虫各虫态的形态测量值和雌虫会阴花纹等特征,将危害党参的根结线虫初步鉴定为北方根结线虫Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949。rDNA-ITS区段和28S rDNA D2D3区段序列比对和系统发育树显示,6个根结线虫群体无核苷酸差异,与多个北方根结线虫聚为一支且有较高的置信度。利用特异性引物Mh-F/Mh-R扩增得到北方根结线虫的特异性片段,大小为462 bp。故综合形态学和分子生物学特征,将危害甘肃省党参的根结线虫鉴定为北方根结线虫。 相似文献
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金柑Citrus japonica 是福建省尤溪县的重要特色果树,多年来金柑黄化衰退问题在其产区较为严重。本研究意在明确金柑黄化衰退的病因,为有效防控提供依据。调查发现金柑黄化衰退病株根部生长不良,根上有线虫雌虫寄生,其体后部突出根表面,根际土壤中有大量的2龄线虫;相邻健树根部生长健壮,根部无或只有少量该线虫。为明确其病原线虫种类,对其雌虫、雄虫、2龄幼虫进行形态学观测,对线虫的rDNA-ITS、28S rDNA D2-D3区进行测序比对,采用最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建系统进化树分析。结果表明,线虫形态学特征与柑橘半穿刺线虫Tylenchulus semipenetrans一致,系统发育树分析进一步明确为柑橘半穿刺线虫。这是国内首次报道柑橘半穿刺线虫寄生金柑,是导致金柑黄化慢衰的病因。研究结果为制订有效防控策略提供了重要理论依据。 相似文献
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肾形肾状线虫（Rotylenchulus reniformis）是一种重要的蔬菜线虫,寄主范围和分布很广。本文根据形态学特征和形态测量将来自浙江省杭州市蔬菜上的肾状线虫群体鉴定为肾形肾状线虫,为浙江省首次报道。该群体的形态学特征及形态测量值与模式标本基本吻合,个别形态测量值(比值)有变异。通过对该肾形肾状线虫群体的rDNA中ITS区和编码28S RNA基因中的D2D3区的PCR扩增和序列测定,明确二序列长度分别为808 bp和786 bp;序列分析发现该群体ITS序列与肾形肾状线虫种内一些两性生殖群体的亲缘关系较近,同源性高达99.5%～100%,而与一孤雌生殖群体同源性为92.4%;编码28S RNA基因中的D2D3区与已报道群体的同源性达到99.4%,相似度较高;本研究还发现杭州肾形肾状线虫群体的寄主涉及11个科16个属的果蔬。 相似文献
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Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez C Castillo P Cantalapiedra-Navarrete C Landa BB Derycke S Palomares-Rius JE 《Phytopathology》2011,101(10):1168-1175
The dagger nematodes Xiphinema pachtaicum and X. index are two of the most widespread and frequently occurring Xiphinema spp. co-infesting vineyards and other crops and natural habitats worldwide. Sexual reproduction is rare in these species. The primary objective of this study was to determine the genetic structure of X. pachtaicum and X. index populations using eight and seven populations, respectively, from different "wine of denomination of origin (D.O.) zones" in Spain and Sardinia (Italy), by studying mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 or COI) and nuclear (D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA) markers. Both Xiphinema spp. showed low intraspecific divergence among COI sequences, ranging from 0.2% (1 base substitution) to 2.3% (10 substitutions) in X. pachtaicum and from 0.2% (1 base substitution) to 0.4% (2 substitutions) in X. index. Population genetic structure was strong for both species. Nevertheless, molecular differences among grapevine-growing areas were not significant, and intrapopulation diversity was very low. It is hypothesized that this genetic homogeneity in the nematode populations reflects their predominant parthenogenetic reproduction mode and low dispersal abilities. Our results also show that X. pachtaicum populations in Spain have possibly been established from two different populations of origin. Results also demonstrated that the two DNA regions studied are suitable diagnostic markers for X. index and X. pachtaicum. 相似文献
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Plant parasitic nematodes of the family Trichodoridae cause substantial yield losses in many agricultural crops. Rapid and accurate identification of trichodorids to the species level is critical for selection of appropriate measures for control. This study analysed 99 sequences of the D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene and 131 sequences of the 18S rRNA gene from the stubby nematodes belonging to the genera Nanidorus, Paratrichodorus and Trichodorus. Species delimiting was based on the integration of morphological identification, which is not provided in the present article, and molecular‐based phylogenetic inference and sequence analysis. Twenty‐two valid species and several species complexes were identified among nematodes included in the analysis. PCR‐RFLPs of the partial 18S rDNA and the D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA were tested and proposed for identification of these nematodes. Gel PCR‐RFLP profiles and tables with restriction fragment lengths for several diagnostic enzymes are provided for identification. Some problems of taxonomy and phylogeny of nematodes of the family Trichodoridae are also discussed. 相似文献