共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 233 毫秒
1.
为了防治银杏幼苗在夏季被高温灼伤和易得叶枯病,运用种植玉米的方式来对银杏幼苗进行遮阴,以帮助一年生银杏幼苗渡过夏季高温对苗木的伤害。对银杏一年生实生苗采用生物遮阴处理三个月后,对幼苗的一些生理指标进行了测定。结果表明:(1)就苗高地径而言:遮阴30% 50% 70%全光照;(2)就主根长而言,遮阴处理的主根长均比全光照的要长,且分别是全光照的47.42%、10.12%、21.31%;(3)在生物量积累方面,不同遮阴处理对茎生物量的影响差异明显,茎生物量随遮阴程度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势;(4)就生物量分配上,随着遮阴程度的增加,叶生物量比和根生物量比呈上升趋势,而茎生物量比呈下降趋势,导致根冠比呈上升趋势;(5)适当地遮阴对叶片叶绿素含量有所提高,表现为:遮阴30% 50% 70%全光照;(6)遮阴对银杏光合生理变化的影响表现为:气孔导度(G_s)和净光合速率(P_n)随着遮阴强度的增加而减小。 相似文献
2.
为了探索适宜于钩藤幼苗生长的遮阴条件,从而为钩藤人工种植技术的构建提供理论依据,以苗龄为1 a的钩藤为材料,分别设置了轻度遮阴(透光率55%~75%)、中度遮阴(透光率25%~35%)、重度遮阴(透光率5%~15%)等处理,以全光照作为对照(CK),就不同遮阴处理对钩藤幼苗生长的影响情况进行了试验研究,并于定植90 d后测定其形态指标(株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶片数量、分枝数、比叶重)和生理生化指标(叶片光合参数、光合色素含量、含水量、可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛含量)。结果表明:轻度遮阴处理的钩藤幼苗其株高、茎粗和分枝数均极显著高于全光照、中度遮阴和重度遮阴各处理的;净光合速率、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量大小均表现为全光照轻度遮阴中度遮阴重度遮阴;叶片含水量、叶绿素总含量均随着遮阴程度的增加而增加;气孔导度表现为轻度遮阴全光照中度遮阴重度遮阴;丙二醛含量表现为轻度遮阴中度遮阴全光照重度遮阴。综合分析钩藤幼苗各项形态指标和生理生化指标的测定结果后认为,透光率为55%~75%的遮阴处理更适于钩藤幼苗的生长。 相似文献
3.
4.
在大田条件下研究不同遮阴程度对凤丹白(牡丹)苗期光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:在夏季晴天、自然光照条件下,凤丹白苗期的光合速率日变化表现为"双峰型",有明显的"光合午休"现象,净光合速率显著低于遮阴处理;当年生苗遮阴75%条件下,净光合速率没有出现"光合午休"现象,2年生苗遮阴60%条件下,净光合速率显著高于其他处理。自然光照条件下,2年生苗的最大净光合速率和表观量子效率显著高于1年生苗。经过遮阴处理的F_v/F_m均显著高于全光照植株。试验结果说明:夏季大田中午强光、高温条件下,凤丹白幼苗光合作用受光抑制显著,遮阴可有效减轻光抑制,综合比较各参数可知,遮阴60%最适合凤丹白播种苗的生长。 相似文献
5.
光照对沙棘幼苗生长、生物量分配及光合特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《经济林研究》2014,(3)
为探索沙棘幼苗对光照强度的适应性,通过设置100%光照强度、60%光照强度、20%光照强度3个光照梯度,分析沙棘幼苗的生长、光合特性及生物量分配特征对不同光环境的响应。结果表明:光照显著促进沙棘幼苗的生长,苗高、基径、冠幅、叶长、叶宽、叶面积、净光合速率等指标均在100%光照强度下最大,而且均随光照强度的减弱而减小;沙棘幼苗的根、茎、叶和单株生物量均在100%光照强度下最大;根冠比、叶生物量比、茎生物量比及根生物量比在3种光环境下无显著差异;沙棘幼苗通过改变光合特性和生物量积累来适应光环境的变化,其中光照强度的降低限制了生物量的积累,但并未显著改变生物量在地上和地下部分的分配比例,在3种光环境下生物量分配比例并无显著的改变;幼苗的比叶面积随着光照强度减弱而增大,在20%光照强度下达到最大值。 相似文献
6.
《山东林业科技》2016,(6)
以3a生小叶扶芳藤和三叶地锦幼苗为材料,用LI-6400型光合仪测定全光照、40%遮光和70%遮光处理下其叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率等光合参数日动态特征,分析比较不同遮光处理对小叶扶芳藤和三叶地锦光合特性的影响。结果表明:不同遮光处理下,三叶地锦叶片Pn日变化均表现为单峰曲线,小叶扶芳藤叶片Pn日变化在全光照和40%遮光处理下呈单峰曲线,70%遮光处理下呈双峰曲线。小叶扶芳藤和三叶地锦Pn日均值、日最大值均在全光照处理下达到最大,小叶扶芳藤在40%、70%遮光处理下Pn峰值分别比全光照下降57.80%、80.24%,三叶地锦叶片Pn峰值下降55.1%、76.86%。随着遮光处理的加重,小叶扶芳藤和三叶地锦叶片Tr均呈下降趋势,40%、70%遮光处理下小叶扶芳藤叶片最大Tr分别比全光照显著下降46.68%、55.60%,三叶地锦叶片最大Tr比全光照处理下降41.48%、74.00%;不同遮光处理下小叶扶芳藤和三叶地锦叶片水分利用效率日均值均表现为全光照70%遮光40%遮光。小叶扶芳藤和三叶地锦较喜光,但对弱光也有一定的利用能力,能有效运用于城市园林绿化。 相似文献
7.
采用人工模拟不同的光照条件(100%全光照、40%光照、20%光照、10%光照)进行盆栽试验,探讨不同光照条件对掌叶木幼苗生长、生理指标的影响。结果表明:在不同光照环境条件下,掌叶木1年生幼苗高生长量差异显著,地径生长量差异不显著;总生物量、叶生物量、茎生物量、根冠比均随光照强度降低而减少,各器官生物量分配均为:叶根茎;随着光照强度的减弱,幼苗净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素a/叶绿素b均表现出下降的趋势,叶片中SOD、MAD、质膜相对透性、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量均呈不同程度的上升趋势。研究表明适当遮荫有利于掌叶木幼苗的培育。 相似文献
8.
《辽宁林业科技》2016,(6)
在5个不同遮阴强度试验区(全光处理、遮阴强度80%、遮阴强度60%、遮阴强度40%、遮阴强度20%,分别记为对照、Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区)内栽植赤松幼苗,测定生物量、苗高和地径生长量、光合特性,分析植株构型变化,研究不同遮阴处理对赤松生长和光合的影响。结果表明:对照区地径最大,3年总生长量48.8 cm,高于其他处理区18.06%~34.43%。总生物量依次为对照区Ⅳ区Ⅲ区Ⅱ区Ⅰ区。对照区一级侧枝最多,Ⅰ区最少。Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区平均枝长较长,Ⅰ区枝长最短。净光合速率日变化,对照区呈"双峰"曲线,且对照区光合速率平均值最大,其他处理区都呈"单峰"曲线。蒸腾速率日变化与净光合速率日变化趋势一致。可见,全光条件对赤松幼苗生长有利,而适当遮阴(遮阴强度低于20%)不影响赤松生长。 相似文献
9.
采用遮阴网设计透光率分别为25%、50%、100%三种光照条件对桃叶杜鹃（Rhododendron annae）进行生理生化指标和光合指标研究,结果表明：50%透光率、25%透光率和100%3种条件下培养桃叶杜鹃幼苗90 d后,其苗高和地径的大小都为：透光率100%<透光率25%<透光率50%。桃叶杜鹃在50%光照条件下,叶绿素a、叶绿素 b 及总叶绿素含量最高,可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白的含量最低,各类酶活性也是最低;50%光照条件下桃叶杜鹃的光合速率极显著高于全光照和25%光照条件下的光合速率（p <0.01）,比全光条件高29.58%,比25%光照条件高166.67%;气孔导度也显著高于全光照和25%光照下的气孔导度,比全光照高14.29%,比25%光照高33.33%。 相似文献
10.
11.
以赪桐（Clerodendrum japonicum）扦插苗为材料,研究了 3 种光照强度：100% 光照强度
（CK）、36.1% 光照强度（3 针遮荫网遮荫）和 17.8% 光照强度（6 针遮荫网遮荫）处理条件下的生长及光
合特性。结果表明：遮荫处理下,赪桐苗高、地径增长量、地下部分干质量和地上部分干质量显著增加
（P<0.05）;随着光照强度的减弱,赪桐的叶面积、叶周长、根长、根表面积、根体积和 SPAD 值显著增
加（P<0.05）;与对照处理相比,17.8% 光强处理下赪桐的表观量子效率（AQY）增加,光补偿点 (LCP)
和暗呼吸速率 (Rd) 降低。该研究表明,赪桐具有较强的耐荫性及对弱光的利用能力;遮荫能促进赪桐生
长;100% 光照条件会抑制其生长,17.8% 光照强度更适宜赪桐生长。 相似文献
12.
遮荫对天女木兰光合特性及生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究不同程度的遮荫(A:0,B:25.8%,C:61.3%,D:90.3%)对天女木兰光合特性及生长的影响。结果表明:天女木兰的地径、苗高和生物量均表现为B>A>C>D。天女木兰的光补偿点和光饱和点均较低,且随着遮荫程度的提高,其值以及暗呼吸速率均依次降低。天女木兰净光合速率日变化规律在不同的遮荫处理下均呈现双峰型曲线,有明显的光合"午休"现象,净光合速率日最大值为B>A>C>D。B处理是这4种遮荫处理中天女木兰生长最适宜的遮荫强度,适度遮荫可增强天女木兰叶片的光合作用,促进其生长。 相似文献
13.
The effects of shade and soil temperature on growth of Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm (jarrah) seedlings were studied in greenhouse experiments. Plant dry weight and that of all plant parts declined in response to shade, as did root/shoot ratio. Plant leaf area was less in unshaded plants than in plants grown in shade, and specific leaf area increased with shade. Unshaded seedlings had a higher light-saturated rate of photosynthesis, a higher light compensation point and a higher light saturation point than seedlings grown in 70% shade. The relationship between plant dry weight and leaf dry weight was independent of shading, whereas the relationship between plant dry weight and plant leaf area was dependent on shading. Therefore, leaf dry weight may be a better predictor of biomass production than leaf area in forest stands where shade is likely to affect growth significantly. Soil temperature had a significant effect on the growth of all plant parts except cotyledons. Total plant growth and shoot growth were maximal at a soil temperature of 30 degrees C, but root growth had a slightly lower temperature optimum such that the root/shoot ratio was highest at 20 degrees C. Roots grown at 15 degrees C were about 30% shorter per unit of dry weight than roots grown at 20 to 35 degrees C. We conclude that increases in irradiance and soil temperature as a result of overstory removal in the forest will cause significant increases in growth of E. marginata seedlings, but these increases represent a relatively small component of the growth response to overstory removal. 相似文献
14.
To determine the effects of shade on biomass, carbon allocation patterns and photosynthetic response, seedlings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were grown without shade or in shade treatments providing a 79 or 89% reduction of full sunlight for two growing seasons. The shade treatments resulted in less total biomass for all species, with loblolly pine showing the greatest shade-induced growth reduction. Yellow-poplar was the only species to show increased stem height growth in the 89% shade treatment. The shade treatments increased specific leaf area of all species. Quantum efficiency, dark respiration and light compensation point were generally not affected by the shade treatments. Quantum efficiency, dark respiration, maximum photosynthesis and light compensation point did not change consistently between the first and second growing seasons. We conclude that differences in shade tolerance among these species are not the result of changes in the photosynthetic mechanism in response to shade. 相似文献
15.
Valio IF 《Tree physiology》2001,21(1):65-70
Effects of artificial shading and removal of plant parts on growth of Trema micrantha (L.) Blume (Ulmaceae) seedlings were studied. Seedlings were grown in pots in a greenhouse in 45, 30, 10.6, 4.8 and 1.8% of full sunlight. Shading for 60 days had no effect on survival, but it influenced all growth parameters measured. Total biomass decreased with decreasing irradiance, reflecting reductions in dry mass of leaves, stems and roots. In response to shading, allocation of biomass to leaves increased, while allocation of biomass to roots decreased. Specific leaf area, leaf area ratio and leaf mass ratio increased with decreasing irradiance. Decreases in relative growth rate were caused by reductions in net assimilation rate rather than leaf area ratio. Photosynthetic efficiency, as determined by the Fv/Fm ratio (Fv = variable fluorescence, Fm = maximal fluorescence), was unaffected by the shading treatments. Partial removal of leaves, stem or roots did not affect seedling survival. Seedlings responded to removal of plant parts by compensatory growth. Topophysis was observed when the apex was removed: the lateral buds developed only as new plagiotropic lateral shoots; consequently, the decapitated plant ceased height growth and was unable to compete with its neighbors for light. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Lianas differ from trees in many life history characteristics, and we predicted that they are phenotypically more responsive to environmental variation than trees. We analyzed responsiveness to light and nutrient availability of five Bauhinia species (three lianas and two trees). Seedlings were grown in a shade house in two light regimes (5 and 25% of full sunlight) and two nutrient supply regimes (field soil and N fertilization equivalent to 100 kg ha(-1)), and important growth-related physiological and morphological plant parameters were measured. Light availability affected most of the measured variables, whereas N addition had only weak effects. In the four light-demanding species (two lianas and two trees), relative plant biomass growth rate increased and specific leaf area (SLA) decreased with increased light availability, whereas a shade-tolerant liana did not respond. Leaf N concentration and light-saturated photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area increased in response to increased irradiance or soil N in the light-demanding tree species and the shade-tolerant liana, but not in the two light-demanding lianas. The light-demanding lianas also had higher SLA and leaf mass ratio, resulting in a higher leaf area ratio (LAR) in high light, whereas the light-demanding trees did not. Across all treatments, mean plasticity indices of physiological and morphological traits, and all traits combined were similar among the studied species. Plasticity was higher in response to light than to N, indicating that light is the main factor controlling seedling responses of the studied species. Although lianas and trees did not differ in mean plasticity in response to light and N, the light-demanding lianas were phenotypically less plastic in LAR and in photosynthetic rates and biomass allocation than the trees. Light and N interacted in their effects on most physiological variables, but the consequences for relative growth rate differed little among species. We conclude that, contrary to our predictions, lianas were no more responsive to variation in light and N availability than trees. 相似文献
19.
Growth,photosynthetic performance and shade adaptation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) grown in natural shade 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
We compared growth, photosynthetic performance and shade adaptation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) plants growing in natural shade (33, 55 and 77% reduction in incoming radiation) to control plants growing in full sunlight. Stem diameter and plant height, measured over a 15-month period, were greatest in plants grown in full sunlight, and both parameters decreased with increasing shade. At 7 and 14 months after planting (MAP), total plant dry mass was highest in control plants and lowest in plants in 77% shade. Expansion of the fourth leaf whorl, monitored at 5-6 MAP, was slowest in plants in 77% shade and fastest in unshaded plants, which had more leaves and higher leaf areas and inter-whorl shoot lengths. In response to increasing shade, specific leaf area increased, whereas leaf weight ratio and relative growth rate decreased. Chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased with increasing shade, indicating shade-induced partitioning of chlorophyll into light-harvesting complexes. Compared to the response in unshaded plants, CO2 assimilation saturated at lower photosynthetic photon flux densities in plants in 77% shade, with a lower upper-asymptote to the light response curve. Chlorophyll fluorescence revealed no evidence of sustained photoinhibitory damage in unshaded plants. Dynamic photoinhibition decreased with increasing shade, with the greatest depression in the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence around midday. We conclude that shade adaptation and shade-induced reductions in dynamic photoinhibition account for the enhanced early growth of rubber in light shade. 相似文献
20.
Montgomery R 《Tree physiology》2004,24(2):155-167
Studies of tree seedling physiology and growth under field conditions provide information on the mechanisms underlying inter- and intraspecific differences in growth and survival at a critical period during forest regeneration. I compared photosynthetic physiology, growth and biomass allocation in seedlings of three shade-tolerant tree species, Virola koschynii Warb., Dipteryx panamensis (Pittier) Record & Mell and Brosimum alicastrum Swartz., growing across a light gradient created by a forest-pasture edge (0.5 to 67% diffuse transmittance (%T)). Most growth and physiological traits showed nonlinear responses to light availability, with the greatest changes occurring between 0.5 and 20 %T. Specific leaf area (SLA) and nitrogen per unit leaf mass (N mass) decreased, maximum assimilation per unit leaf area (A area) and area-based leaf N concentration (N area) increased, and maximum assimilation per unit leaf mass (A mass) did not change with increasing irradiance. Plastic responses in SLA were important determinants of leaf N and A area across the gradient. Species differed in magnitude and plasticity of growth; B. alicastrum had the lowest relative growth rates (RGR) and low plasticity. Its final biomass varied only 10-fold across the light gradient. In contrast, the final biomass of D. panamensis and V. koschynii varied by 100- and 50-fold, respectively, and both had higher RGR than B. alicastrum. As light availability increased, all species decreased biomass allocation to leaf tissue (mass and area) and showed a trade-off between allocation to leaf area at a given plant mass (LAR) and net gain in mass per unit leaf area (net assimilation rate, NAR). This trade-off largely reflected declines in SLA with increasing light. Finally, A area was correlated with NAR and both were major determinants of intraspecific variation in RGR. These data indicate the importance of plasticity in photosynthetic physiology and allocation for variation in tree seedling growth among habitats that vary in light availability. 相似文献