共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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廖俊国 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,(1)
在西南横断山区云杉、冷杉林内对其光合速率进行测定,并对其天然更新情况进行调查,结果表明,云杉、冷杉的光合速率受光照强度、温度、风速和日照时数的影响较大,湿度及土壤温度的影响较小。采伐迹地上天然更新幼树(苗)的生长,优于林内天然更新的幼树(苗)。林下天然更新,以郁闭度较小而透光率较大的林分为优、 相似文献
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采用标准样地和样方调查方法,对秦岭林区华山松进行天然更新调查研究。结果表明,以郁闭度在0.3～0.6之间、海拔1200～1800 m、坡向西南时,华山松天然更新良好;林下枯枝落叶层较厚者,幼苗较多,利于天然更新。调查还发现林下松花竹生长普遍,严重影响华山松天然更新,建议该林区应结合天然林保护工程采取一些行之有效的天然更新、人工更新和人工促进天然更新等更新措施,从而达到华山松更新的目的。 相似文献
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南京紫金山风景区人工促进马尾松天然更新的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
针对南京中山陵园风景区常绿马尾松林病虫危害严重，松林资源逐步减少的现状，采取人工抚育措施，可促进其天然更新。就调查结果表明，在景区内马尾松纯林林下天然更新马尾松幼树有4500株/hm^2，松阔混交林林下天然更新马尾松幼树有2700株/hm^2。当林分上层郁闭度0.7左右时，马尾松天然更新幼树年龄为4-9a，平均树高4.0m，平均胸径4.75cm，平均冠幅为1.35m；当林分上层郁闭度达0.9时，马尾松天然更新幼树平均树高仅2.0m，平均胸径1.5cm，平均冠幅0.85m，年龄多为2-5a，一般超过6年以上则出现自然枯死。而通过人工抚育措施（上层透光、修枝、间苗、除草等）对马尾松可明显促进天然更新幼树的生长，其不同林分树高、胸径和冠幅的平均生长量分别增加22.4%-152.0%，25.0%-476.9%和60.9%-375.0%。且在林分郁闭度越大（0.85以上）、林下马尾松幼树生长较弱的林地，采取抚育措施的效果更明显。 相似文献
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油松中龄林经间伐、择伐,近熟林经二次渐伐,使郁闭度达到0.6以下,经天然下种,达到天然更新效果,免除人工造林,极大减少造林投资.油松林天然更新成功后,应及时进行解放伐,加快幼树生长.解放伐过晚,生产作业幼树易遭破坏. 相似文献
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基于14块针阔混交林固定样地的天然更新调查数据,针对影响天然更新效果的因素众多,仅用定性分析难以做出判断的特点,因此采用灰色系统中的关联度分析法,把影响天然更新的因素进行排序。排序结果依重要性分别是海拔高度、林木株数、郁闭度、腐殖质厚度、针叶树蓄积比重、蓄积量、针叶树株树、坡度。由于云冷杉等针叶树幼苗喜荫,不喜光,所以在采伐强度过大时将造成林内郁闭度降低,林内光照明显增强,进而严重影响云冷杉幼苗幼树的生长。因此,在实际生产中应慎重扩大采伐量,同时在采伐过程中尽可能减少对保留木的损伤,保证林分的天然更新。 相似文献
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浅谈阔叶次生林的人工促进天然更新 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
人工促进天然更新是恢复和发展天然阔叶林的重要更新方式,具有投入少、恢复快、收益大和易于实施等特点.人工促进天然更新的阔叶次生林与人工营造杉木林样地比较结果表明,在同一立地条件下,同龄阔叶树的树种种类、郁闭度、生物多样性、高径比等各项生长指标均高于人工杉木林.文中阐述了人工促进天然更新中的抚育间伐、林分改造、封山育林和封禁保护、补植等具体措施,并提出保护现有阔叶林,实施人工促进阔叶林天然更新,扩大水源涵养林、水土保持林等防护林比重等建议. 相似文献
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城市白桦林下水曲柳和黄菠萝的天然更新格局研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对比研究48 a生城市人居白桦生态林下水曲柳和黄菠萝的天然更新格局。结果表明：①水曲柳和黄菠萝更新苗的分布格局均为聚集分布;②随着林冠空隙面积的增加,水曲柳和黄菠萝的更新苗数量和密度均表现出抛物线式的变化趋势：水曲柳在林冠空隙面积为13.3 m^2时,更新苗数量最多,为32株,在11.7 m^2时更新苗密度最大,为29 289株/hm^2;黄菠萝在林冠空隙面积为22 m^2时更新苗数量最多,为11株,在15.1 m^2时,更新密度最大,为6 659株/hm^2;③相同林冠空隙面积下,水曲柳的更新苗数量明显高于黄菠萝。 相似文献
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Tree regeneration in gap-understory mosaics in a subtropical Shorea robusta(Sal) forest 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《林业研究》2019,(6)
Spatial variation in tree-regeneration density is attributed to the specialization of tree species to light availability for germination and growth. Light availability,in turn, varies across the gap-understorey mosaic. Canopy gaps provide an important habitat for the regeneration of tree species that would otherwise be suppressed in the understory. In subtropical forests, there is still a knowledge-gap relating to how canopy disturbances influence tree-regeneration patterns at local scale, and if they disproportionately favor regeneration of certain species. We aim to analyze whether canopy gaps promote tree regeneration, and tree species are specialized to gaps or understory for germination and growth. We sampled vegetation in 128 plots(0.01 ha), equally distributed in gaps and below canopy, in two subtropical Shorea robusta Gaertn.(Sal) forests in Nepal, recording the number of tree seedlings and saplings in each plot. We compared the regeneration density of seedlings and saplings separately between gaps and the understorey. The mean densities of seedlings and saplings were higher in the gaps at both sites;although there was no difference in the seedling density of the majority of the species between the habitats. No species were confined to either gap or understorey at the seedling stage. We conclude that gaps are not critical for the germination of tree species in Sal forests but these are an important habitat for enabling seedlings to survive into saplings. The classification of trees into regeneration guilds mainly based on germination does not apply to the majority of tree species in subtropical Sal forests. Our results reaffirm that gap creation promotes tree regeneration by favouring seedling survival and growth and can influence forest management for conservation, as well as for plantations. 相似文献
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This study reports 14th-year response of a boreal mixedwood stand to different harvest intensities (uncut, 50% partial cut with and without removal of residuals after 3 years, and clearcut), spot site preparation treatments (none and scalped), and chemical weeding frequencies (none, single, and multiple) in northeastern Ontario. The response variables include the survival and growth of planted white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), height and density of natural regeneration and shrubs, and cover of shrubs and non-woody vegetation. Harvesting and weeding generally improved survival and growth of planted trees, although white spruce survival did not significantly differ among the three weeding frequencies. Harvesting tended to increase heights of hardwood (mostly trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)) and conifer (largely balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.).) natural regeneration, cover and density of shrubs, and cover of herbs, lichens, and ferns. Chemical weeding reduced height, density and cover of shrubs, height and density of hardwood regeneration, and fern cover, but increased moss and lichen cover. Spot scalping did not significantly affect planted seedling, natural regeneration, or the vegetation.Maximum survival and growth of planted white spruce and jack pine were achieved using a combination of clearcutting and multiple weeding. However, partial cutting followed by a single weeding produced acceptable survival and reasonable growth of planted trees, particularly for white spruce. Partial canopy removal alone substantially reduced the amount of hardwood regeneration, relative to clearcutting, but did not adequately suppress understory shrubs. Significant improvement in seedling growth following multiple weedings was evident primarily in the complete canopy removal treatments: 50% partial cut with removal of residuals after 3 years and clearcut. While the effects of harvesting and weeding on planted crop trees found in the 5th-year assessments generally persisted at year 14, survival decreased, likely due to light competition from developing hardwood and shrubs. 相似文献
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John L. Devaney Pádraig M. Whelan Marcel A. K. Jansen 《European Journal of Forest Research》2018,137(1):69-78
Conspecific negative density dependence in tree species can have major consequences for structuring of communities, yet in temperate forests this phenomenon remains largely unexplored. We investigated density-dependent recruitment in the long-lived conifer yew (Taxus baccata L.), for which low levels of regeneration have been linked with reduced light availability beneath conspecific canopies and speculative autotoxic effects. We combined in situ assessment of yew regeneration in a temperate forest in southwest Ireland with ex situ pot experiments to assess whether light and/or beneath conspecific canopy conditions inhibit the germination and early growth of yew. In field experiments, recruitment was related to distance from adult conspecifics, with higher levels of regeneration found in areas not beneath yew canopies. However, reduced light availability beneath the dense yew canopy was not responsible for this pattern, with abundant seedlings found in areas of equivalent or even lower light availability. Pot experiments showed that seedling survival was highest in deep shade treatments. Experiments also demonstrated that the addition of yew needles negatively affected seedling growth, but not seed germination. Together, our results suggest that under natural forest conditions, the absence of regeneration beneath mature yew canopies, often attributed to low light availability, may at least be partly related to substances in yew canopy or leaf leachates. 相似文献
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Benjamin O. KnappG. Geoff Wang Huifeng HuJoan L. Walker Carsyn Tennant 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(7):1157-1167
Historical land use and management practices in the southeastern United States have resulted in the dominance of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on many upland sites that historically were occupied by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). There is currently much interest in restoring high quality longleaf pine habitats to such areas, but managers may also desire the retention of some existing canopy trees to meet current conservation objectives. However, fast-growing natural loblolly pine regeneration may threaten the success of artificially regenerated longleaf pine seedlings. We evaluated the establishment and growth of natural loblolly pine regeneration following different levels of timber harvest using single-tree selection (Control (uncut, residual basal area ∼16 m2/ha), MedBA (residual basal area of ∼9 m2/ha), LowBA (residual basal area of ∼6 m2/ha), and Clearcut (complete canopy removal)) and to different positions within canopy gaps (approximately 2800 m2) created by patch cutting at two ecologically distinct sites within the longleaf pine range: Fort Benning, GA in the Middle Coastal Plain and Camp Lejeune, NC in the Lower Coastal Plain. The density of loblolly pine seedlings was much higher at Camp Lejeune than at Fort Benning at the end of the first growing season after harvesting. Following two growing seasons, there were no significant effects of canopy density or gap position on the density of loblolly pine seedlings at either site, but loblolly pine seedlings were taller on treatments with greater canopy removal. Prescribed fires applied following the second growing season killed 70.6% of loblolly pine seedlings at Fort Benning and 64.3% of seedlings at Camp Lejeune. Loblolly pine seedlings were generally less than 2 m tall, and completeness of the prescribed burns appeared more important for determining seedling survival than seedling size. Silvicultural treatments that include canopy removal, such as patch cutting or clearcuts, will increase loblolly pine seedling growth and shorten the window of opportunity for control with prescribed fire. Therefore, application of prescribed fire every 2-3 years will be critical for control of loblolly pine regeneration during restoration of longleaf pine in existing loblolly pine stands. 相似文献
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In a naturally regenerated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) standin northeastern France, five regeneration patches were selectedwith different degrees of canopy closure; the percentage ofabove-canopy light (PACL) ranged between 5 and 45 per cent.The canopy was removed by a storm 2 years later. In order toanalyse the immediate and delayed effects of PACL on seedlingdiameter and height growth, the effects of the light conditionsprevailing before canopy opening on seedling growth measuredbefore and after canopy opening were tested. The effects oflocal density were examined using neighbourhood analysis. Fourdifferent competition indices (CIs) and neighbourhood radiiranging from 10 to 200 cm were tested. Models including PACLand CI accounted for between 56 and 64 per cent of the variationin individual seedling annual diameter or height growth. Localdensity had a strong negative influence on diameter growth anda much smaller influence on height growth. PACL was positivelycorrelated with diameter and height growth before canopy opening.Delayed effects of PACL on height growth were observed justafter canopy opening, but disappeared after 2 years. No delayedeffects of PACL on diameter growth after canopy opening wereobserved. 相似文献
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《Forest Ecology and Management》2002,155(1-3):387-398
Tree seedling recruitment was monitored after various types of logging in mixed conifer and deciduous forests of northern British Columbia, Canada. Predicting tree seedling recruitment after disturbance is fundamental to understanding forest dynamics and succession and is vital for forest management purposes. Seedling recruitment success in multi-species northern latitude forests varied as a function of mature tree canopy cover, gap size and position in a gap. Recruitment was abundant within canopy gaps across a wide range of gap sizes (20–5000 m2), but recruit numbers dropped off rapidly under the closed forest canopy and in the open conditions of clearcuts. Inside canopy gaps, recruitment was similar by gap position in small gaps (<300 m2) but, in these northern latitude forests, exhibited a trend of increasing density from the sunny north to shady south end of larger gaps. This was true for all tree species regardless of their shade tolerance ranking. There was no evidence of gap partitioning by any of the tree species during the regeneration phase suggesting that adaptation to the subtleties of gap size during early recruitment are not well developed in these tree species. Favorable locations for emergence and early establishment of germinants were less favorable for growth and survival of established seedlings, i.e. the regeneration niches in these forests were discordant. Tree abundance and species diversity appears to be controlled more by differentiation among growth and survival niches than by the regeneration niches. From the perspective of forest management, abundant natural regeneration of all the dominant tree species of these mixed-species forests can be obtained after partial cutting. 相似文献
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Michael J. O&#x;Brien Kevin L. O&#x;Hara Nadir Erbilgin David L. Wood 《Forest Ecology and Management》2007,240(1-3):178-185
Native Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) stands on the Monterey peninsula have been significantly modified by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. The exclusion of fire and the introduction of pitch canker (caused by Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O’Donnell) created a need for the examination of these changing ecosystems with respect to regeneration, especially as these stands reach mature ages. We established 210 plots on 35 transects distributed throughout five stands in order to describe the current stand structure and quantify the extent and condition of regeneration. The results indicated that Monterey pine seedling establishment varies throughout the peninsula depending on percent canopy cover, duff and litter depth, and percent shrub cover while seedling growth is influenced by percent shrub cover. Canopy cover was also found to inversely influence shrub cover. Our study highlights the importance of understory removal to increase Monterey pine regeneration and seedling growth as canopy cover decreases, especially in areas where coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia Nee) and poison-oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum E. Greene) are abundant. 相似文献