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1.
硼水平对不同类型西瓜生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以栽培西瓜品种‘黑美人’、籽用品种‘建籽’和野生品种‘勇士’为试材,设0、0.05、0.2、0.6 mmol/L H3BO34个浓度,其中0.05 mmol/L H3BO3为对照,研究硼胁迫对不同类型西瓜生长的影响,分析其硼效率差异。结果表明:缺硼胁迫(0 mmol/L H3BO3)对西瓜地上部有明显抑制作用,症状多位于顶端新叶;高硼胁迫(0.2、0.6 mmol/L H3BO3)严重危害西瓜地下部,其症状出现时间均较早,且多见底部老叶,逐步向上发展,阻碍其他部位的正常生长。缺硼与高硼胁迫均降低了西瓜株高、茎粗、根长,0、0.6 mmol/L H3BO3处理对西瓜株高、茎粗、根长的降低幅度较大。高硼胁迫对3种类型西瓜根系的生物产量影响较大,而缺硼胁迫下西瓜根系的生物产量降低幅度较小。‘黑美人’在缺硼胁迫和高硼胁迫下根系活力均出现下降,下降幅度较一致;‘建籽’‘勇士’在高硼胁迫下根系活力明显下降,且下降幅度远大于缺硼胁迫。不同类型西瓜存在着硼效率差异,籽用西瓜‘建籽’和野生西瓜‘勇士’硼效率较高,栽培西瓜‘黑美人’硼效率较低。 相似文献
2.
【目的】鉴定我国西南地区两组疑似同物异名葡萄品种的真实身份。【方法】利用38对SSR荧光标记引物对葡萄品种‘尼加拉’及其疑似同物异名品种‘关口葡萄‘’云南水晶‘’贵州水晶’和葡萄品种‘巴柯’及其疑似同物异名品种‘盐井黑珍珠‘’茨中教堂葡萄’进行扩增,通过毛细管电泳进行基因分型,并对两组疑似同物异名葡萄品种进行田间形态特征观察,从而鉴定其身份。【结果‘】尼加拉’及其疑似同物异名品种和‘巴柯’及其疑似同物异名品种在38个SSR位点上分别具有相同的基因型,且两组疑似同物异名品种的田间形态特征也相似。【结论】初步认定‘云南水晶‘’贵州水晶‘’关口葡萄’为‘尼加拉’的同物异名品种‘;盐井黑珍珠’和‘茨中教堂葡萄’为‘巴柯’的同物异名品种,后期将通过DUS测试做进一步的鉴定。 相似文献
3.
缺硼和低pH对枳苗根系细胞壁组分及细胞中硼分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用营养液培养的方法,设置pH值为4、5、6,硼浓度为0（缺硼）和10 μmol ? L-1（适宜硼）,探究营养液低pH与柑橘砧木枳[Poncirus trifoliate（L）Raf.]幼苗根细胞壁组分及各组分中硼含量的关系。结果表明：①缺硼和低pH值均抑制根系生长;硼适宜时pH 4处理的根系长度比pH 5和pH 6处理减少了26%和29%,但根系干物质量变化不显著;缺硼时pH 4处理的根系干物质量也显著减少。②硼适宜时pH 4处理的地下部硼含量显著增加,且原生质体硼和游离态硼占根硼的比例均降低;缺硼时pH 4处理的原生质体硼占根硼的比例增加,游离态硼占根硼的比例没有显著变化。③缺硼时,pH 4处理细胞壁提取率显著低于pH 6处理。④不论适宜硼或缺硼,pH 4处理均显著降低根系细胞壁中螯合态果胶含量;适宜硼时碱溶性果胶含量pH 4和pH 5处理分别比pH 6减少了26%和18%;缺硼时pH 4处理比pH 5和pH 6处理减少了约20%。⑤硼适宜时根系纤维素含量随pH值降低而降低,pH 4处理比pH 6处理降低了13.8%;缺硼时低pH对根系纤维素含量影响不大。⑥大部分硼都结合在果胶中,且碱溶性果胶中的硼（Alk-B）的比例大于螯合态果胶（Chel-B）中的。以上结果说明,pH值会通过影响根系细胞壁组分及组分中硼含量而影响根系的伸长生长。 相似文献
4.
纽荷尔脐橙果实发育期叶片不同形态硼含量与缺硼的关系 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
以‘纽荷尔’脐橙为材料,连续两年研究了缺硼和正常（对照）叶片总硼和不同形态硼含量的动态变化。结果显示：1）在果实膨大期（花后120~160 d）,越冬老叶和春梢新叶的总硼含量均有一个显著下降的过程,且大部分时间里缺硼处理的比对照硼含量低;2）缺硼树越冬老叶的自由态硼和半束缚态硼含量在果实膨大期很低,对照较高;缺硼树越冬老叶在花后120~160 d束缚态硼含量较低,相对含量较高;3）缺硼和对照树春梢新叶的自由态硼和半束缚态硼含量比越冬老叶高,束缚态硼含量较越冬老叶低;缺硼树叶片的3种形态硼含量在花后140~160 d显著低于对照,且束缚态硼相对含量较高。就‘纽荷尔’脐橙叶片不同形态硼的动态与缺硼的生理机制进行了讨论。 相似文献
5.
《果树学报》2020,(4)
【目的】对枳[Poncirus trifoliata(L.)Raf.]与‘资阳香橙’(Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka)在氮胁迫下的无机氮含量、氮同化酶活性与基因表达进行研究,为深入揭示柑橘氮高效利用机制奠定基础。【方法】以采用水培培养的枳与‘资阳香橙’幼苗为试材,进行正常氮水平(10 mmol·L~(-1),对照)、缺氮(0 mmol·L~(-1))和高氮(50 mmol·L~(-1))胁迫处理。【结果】(1)枳与‘资阳香橙’的氮累积量与对照相比,缺氮分别降低了46.6%和51.1%,高氮分别升高了50.4%和81.6%。(2)‘资阳香橙’各处理的硝态氮含量均显著大于枳,枳与‘资阳香橙’叶片中的硝态氮含量以及铵态氮含量各处理均呈高氮对照缺氮的趋势。(3)缺氮和高氮处理均显著降低了枳与‘资阳香橙’叶片和根的硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰脱氢酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性,而高氮处理时枳叶片中的硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、和谷氨酸合成酶的活性与‘资阳香橙’相比被抑制的程度更低。(4)枳和‘资阳香橙’在氮胁迫下叶片中基因NR、NiR、GDH2的相对表达量比对照有明显下降;根系中基因NR、NADH1、NADH3、NADP相对表达量也显著下降。【结论】氮胁迫显著抑制了枳与‘资阳香橙’的氮代谢相关酶活性和氮同化相关酶基因的相对表达量,枳在高氮处理下表现出更高的耐受性‘,资阳香橙’与枳相比有更高的氮吸收能力。 相似文献
6.
《果树学报》2015,(4)
【目的】比较低温胁迫下‘贝达’和‘赤霞珠’葡萄不同组织糖含量及细胞结构的变化。【方法】以抗寒砧木‘贝达’和低温敏感品种‘赤霞珠’盆栽苗为试验材料,采用低温处理的方法,研究了两个葡萄品种在低温胁迫下不同组织糖含量、茎段解剖和超微结构的变化。【结果】2个品种受到低温胁迫时能通过快速提高蔗糖含量来适应外界低温。各器官对低温胁迫的敏感性不同,叶片通过提高碳水化合物含量对低温胁迫迅速响应,其次为茎段,根部最为迟缓。从茎段的解剖结构变化来看,‘贝达’细胞小、层数多,角质层厚,在低温胁迫下淀粉粒积累早、数量多,而‘赤霞珠’细胞大。层数少,角质层薄,在低温胁迫下淀粉积累晚、数量少;从茎段细胞的超微结构变化来看,低温胁迫对‘赤霞珠’细胞损伤更为严重,胁迫至6 d,叶绿体双层膜破裂,部分叶绿体的类囊体解体松散,细胞器降解。‘贝达’部分细胞质中亦发现一定数目呈同心圆排列的多层膜结构。【结论】抗寒砧木‘贝达’茎段在低温逆境下的解剖及超微结构与低温敏感品种‘赤霞珠’存在明显差异,同时各器官对低温的糖积累响应亦有不同,研究结果为不同葡萄品种间的抗寒性差异提供了细胞学证据。 相似文献
7.
《果树学报》2017,(8)
【目的】在油橄榄花期叶面喷施硼和钙肥,研究叶面喷施硼、钙及硼-钙交互作用对油橄榄完全花和坐果率的影响。【方法】选甘肃陇南主栽的3个油橄榄品种(‘莱星’‘鄂植8’‘城固32’),采用完全正交试验,在花期前、中、后分别喷施不同浓度硼和钙的叶面肥,调查完全花比率和坐果率,并观察了硼和钙对花粉萌发的影响。【结果】花期叶面喷施硼和钙对各品种油橄榄完全花及坐果率的交互影响均不显著。但‘鄂植8’和‘城固32’在0.10%的硼酸因素下,完全花比率较对照分别提高了8.9%和11.5%;‘城固32’在0.05%的硼浓度下的坐果率较对照提高了154.2%;‘鄂植8’和‘城固32’在0.00%、0.25%的钙浓度处理下,其坐果率均显著高于更高浓度的处理,高浓度的钙反而对果实坐果率有显著抑制作用;‘莱星’的处理间差异均不显著。培养基50~75 mg·L~(-1)的硼酸对油橄榄花粉萌发促进作用最好,而培养基添加钙则抑制花粉萌发,且硼和钙存在一定的拮抗作用,因此高浓度的钙不利于油橄榄花受精和果实坐果。【结论】油橄榄不同品种对花期喷施硼和钙的响应程度不同,适量的硼(0.5%~1.0%)对油橄榄开花坐果有促进作用,而高浓度硼(大于1.00%)和高浓度钙(大于0.25%)均不利于油橄榄开花坐果,在油橄榄花期的叶面施肥中应谨慎使用外源高浓度钙。 相似文献
8.
【目的】探索光质对‘红地球’葡萄果实品质的影响。【方法】以‘红地球’葡萄为试验材料,转熟时对果穗进行红、橙、绿、蓝、白滤光膜与避光套袋处理,测定分析了转熟至采收期间套袋对果实单果质量、糖酸积累、着色与花色素苷合成等品质特征的影响。【结果】研究表明蓝色滤光膜套袋‘红地球’葡萄果实中可溶性固形物与总糖含量增加,葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖3种糖分含量相比白膜分别提高了7.2%、13.7%、17.2%,糖酸比提高,显著促进了花色素苷的合成,色度角h最小,果皮中主要花色素苷组分芍药素-3-O-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷较白膜显著增加,分别提高18.4%与12.5%,PAL活性增强,促进了葡萄积累花色素苷;而避光处理的‘红地球’果实糖酸比小,花色素苷合成显著受到抑制。【结论】在我国南方湿热地区果实部位光环境对设施葡萄品质具有重要作用,蓝色滤光膜套袋可以增加蓝紫光的比例,调控葡萄光合产物分配,诱导苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,促进欧亚种‘红地球’葡萄果实糖的积累和着色,改善品质。 相似文献
9.
低硼胁迫对新几内亚凤仙生长和开花的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验采用水培的方法,研究4个不同硼浓度0.00、4.63×10-6、4.63×10-4、4.63×10-2 mmol/L对新几内亚凤仙品种Harmony Super Red(红花)生长发育的影响.结果表明:低硼胁迫对新几内亚凤仙形态、生理均有显著影响.形态指标上作用效果显著,随着低硼胁迫的加剧,植株生长受到严重的抑制,株高降低,冠幅减小,叶片数量和开花数量减少,侧枝丛生状加剧.在生理指标上,极限缺硼时,根系活力、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量均降低.综合各项指标,4.63×10-4mmol/L的硼最适合凤仙花的生长. 相似文献
10.
【目的】为了培育抗病抗寒无核葡萄新品种,【方法】以2个种子败育型无核品种‘波尔莱特’、‘红无籽露’作母本,以抗病抗寒的中国野生山葡萄株系‘黑龙江实生’、‘双优’及欧山杂种‘北醇’、‘00-1-10’(‘玫瑰香’ב黑龙江实生’)分别作父本杂交,授粉51 d后将胚珠分别接种于ER和MM4培养基上进行胚挽救,培养60 d后在WPM+BA 0.2 mg.L-1培养基上诱导成苗。【结果】结果表明,2个母本品种胚挽救的适宜培养基不同,‘波尔莱特’作母本适合于ER培养基,‘红无籽露’作母本适合于MM4培养基。2个母本基因型对胚珠的发育率和成苗率的影响差异不大,‘波尔莱特’略优于‘红无籽露’;但4个父本基因型对胚挽救效果影响较大,以欧山杂种‘00-1-10’和‘北醇’作父本的杂交组合胚株的发育率和成苗率明显高于山葡萄‘黑龙江实生’、‘双优’作父本的杂交组合。共获得无核葡萄胚挽救新种质50个株系。【结论】在胚挽救过程中,不同基因型的无核葡萄适宜于不同的基本培养基,欧山杂种比山葡萄更适宜于作杂交的父本。 相似文献
11.
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of boron (B) fertilization on the vegetative and the reproductive responses of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees grown at low soil B availability. The experiment was carried out in 2005 under a greenhouse on 5-year-old ‘Jonagold’ apple trees/M.9 EMLA planted singly in 50-L containers filled with a sandy loam soil with hot water-soluble B concentration of 0.32 mg kg−1. The trees were fertilized with B as foliar or soil application. Foliar B sprays were applied at the stage of pink bud, beginning of flowering, petal fall, and 10 days after flowering, at a solution concentration of 0.03%. Soil B fertilization was done at the bud break stage at a rate of 2 g per tree (27 mg B kg−1 soil). The trees untreated with B served as the control. The results showed that soil B fertilization improved root development and tree vigor. Leaves of trees supplied with B to the soil had higher B concentration and chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and activity of catalase and glutathione reductase than those of the control plants. Boron fertilization, regardless of application mode, increased fruit yield; the efficiency of foliar B sprays was higher than soil B application. Apple fruits of trees fertilized with B to the soil were bigger, more colored, richer in B, and had higher soluble solids concentration, and titratable acidity compared to those of the control trees. 相似文献
12.
中国农科院南京土壤研究所对我国南方各类土壤样点土壤分析(1992年),水溶性硼含量均偏少,平均含量低于临界值0.50 mg/kg,水溶性硼小于0.30mg/kg的土壤样点占90%以上. 相似文献
13.
Cengiz Kaya A. Levent Tuna Murat Dikilitas Muhammed Ashraf Sultan Koskeroglu Murat Guneri 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
The effect of supplementary phosphorus on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Target F1) plants grown at high boron was investigated. The results showed that high B reduced dry matter, fruit yield and chlorophyll content. High B plus 0.5 or 1 mM P increased plant dry matter, fruit yield and chlorophyll concentrations as compared to high B treatments only. Membrane permeability was not increased significantly due to high B application. In the leaves of plants grown at high boron treatments, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) levels were increased. However, supplementary P to nutrient solution containing high B reduced the activities of the earlier mentioned enzymes in leaves but their levels were still higher than those at the control treatments. The study revealed that B status affects the activities of some antioxidant enzymes examined. Boron (B) concentrations increased in leaves and roots in the highest external B treatment as compared to the control treatment. Concentrations of Ca, P and K were significantly lower in the leaves of plants grown at high B than those in the control plants. Supplemented nutrient solution containing high B with 0.5 or 1 mM P increased the tissue concentrations of nutrients. These results indicate that supplementary P can mitigate the adverse effects of high B on fruit yield and growth in tomato plants. 相似文献
14.
Foliar application of boric acid, at varying concentrations, to mango cultivar ‘Langra’ significantly influenced the growth, flowering, fruiting and fruit quality. Highest values for most of the characteristics were obtained in the treatment where 0.8% boric acid was used. 相似文献
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Lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in a boron deficient nutrient medium developed tipburn. Their leaves showed no overall increased auxin activity compared with those of control plants until they were 66 days old, when boron deficient plants showed a relative increase in the activity of one auxin. It is postulated that tipburn in lettuce may be caused by interacting factors including calcium and boron deficiences, and the ontogenetic age of the plant. Environmental and cultivar effects on the incidence of tipburn indicate that agronomic or genetic control measures may become feasible, if the mechanism controlling its expression can be further elucidated. 相似文献
17.
We investigated individual and combined effects of B toxicity and salinity in the presence or absence of silicon on the shoot growth, concentrations of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), boron (B) and silicon (Si), and stomatal resistance (SR), lipid peroxidation (MDA), proline accumulation, H2O2 accumulation and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activity grapevine rootstocks of 41B (V. Vinifera × V. Berlandieri) and 1103P (V. Berlandieri × V. Rupestris). Applied Si counteracted the deleterious effects of salinity and boron toxicity on shoot growth by lowering the accumulation of Na in 1103P, and B and Cl in the both rootstocks. Stomatal resistance, MDA, and the concentrations of H2O2 and proline were higher in the plants grown in conditions of B toxicity, salinity and their combination while applied Si lowered these parameters. Lowering SOD and CAT but increasing APX, Si treatment significantly affected the enzyme activities of both rootstocks. Based on the present work, it can be concluded that Si alleviates the adverse effects of salinity, B toxicity and combined salinity-B toxicity on grapevine rootstocks by preventing both oxidative membrane damage and translocation of Na and B from root to shoots and/or soil to plant, and also lowering the phytotoxic effects of Na and B within plant tissues. When considering the antioxidative response and membrane systems, it was concluded that the rootstock 1103P was responsive to Si under stress conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first report that Si improves the combined salt and B tolerance of grapevine grown under saline, B toxic, and B toxic and saline conditions which describes membrane related parameters and antioxidant responses. 相似文献
18.
不同浓度糖、硼、钙对苹果花粉萌发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《河北果树》2018,(5)
苹果花粉有自交不亲和且花粉萌发率低现象。为了提高人工授粉率,探寻最适宜苹果花粉萌发的培养基组分及浓度,以福岛、黄香蕉、美国八号、王林四个苹果品种花粉为试材,通过花粉离体培养法,分析了不同浓度的糖、硼、钙对花粉萌发率的影响。结果表明:蔗糖浓度在5%～15%之间,可以有效的提高四种苹果花粉萌发率,其中蔗糖浓度为10%时,萌发率极显著高于其他浓度处理及对照。硼酸浓度为0.03%时,可以有效的提高花粉萌发率。CaCl2浓度在0.01%～0.05%之间,对四种苹果花粉萌发率有不同程度的抑制作用;且外源钙不是苹果花粉萌发的必需物质。对于这四种苹果花粉萌发,培养基最佳组分及浓度是:10%蔗糖+0.03%硼酸。美国八号和王林在最佳培养基上的发芽率高达79.3%、78.8%。 相似文献
19.
Two plant stress factors, salinity and high levels of boron, often co-occur in natural and agricultural environments. Many investigations have been conducted to document the influence of the combined stresses on crop growth and yield. Only limited information, however, is available concerning the combined effects of the two stresses on mineral ion uptake and partitioning to shoot organs and tissues. Data for this study were obtained from an experiment conducted in greenhouse sand cultures with two water types: (1) a chloride-dominated system, and (2) sulfate-dominated waters characteristic of those present in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Each saline composition treatment was tested at three salinity levels (2, 12, 18 dS m−1) and three B concentrations (0.046, 1.11, 2.22 mM; 0.5, 12, 24 mg L−1). The gradient in B distribution in individual leaves sampled midseason was steep, with less boron accumulating in petioles than in the blades. The highest B concentrations (>100 mmol B kg−1 dry weight) were found in leaf margins of plants grown in the low salinity-high boron treatments. These leaves were cupped upward, an unusual visual symptom characteristic of B toxicity. At final harvest, concentrations of B, Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Cl were highest in the oldest leaves on the broccoli shoots, decreasing acropetally to the heads. Total-P, however, was highest in broccoli heads, decreasing in the older tissues. Leaf-B accumulation was more closely related to salinity rather than to the concentration of Cl in the irrigation waters. Analysis of variance indicated that substrate B had little effect on Cl accumulation in salt-stressed broccoli leaves regardless of water type. No clear cut relationships were evident that would explain the reciprocal effects of B and Cl on crop yields. 相似文献
20.
The effects of low boron (B) on plant growth, photosynthesis, B concentration and distribution of ‘Newhall’ orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) plants grafted on either Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) or Carrizo citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] rootstocks were investigated. One-year-old plants of the two scion-rootstock combinations were grown for 183 days in sand:perlite (1:1, v/v) medium under greenhouse conditions. The plants were irrigated with half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solutions containing four B concentrations (0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.25 mg l−1). The growth of root, stem of scion and leaves was less affected by low B treatments when ‘Newhall’ scion was grafted on Carrizo citrange than on Trifoliate orange. Thus, the growth of scions under low B conditions was mainly depended on the rootstock used, i.e., Carrizo citrange-grafted plants were more tolerant to low B compared to the plants grafted on Trifoliate orange. Boron concentrations in all plant parts decreased significantly by decreasing the B supply in the nutrient solution. Leaves were the dominant sites of B accumulation and showed the greatest reduction in B concentration compared to the other plant parts, as B concentration in the nutrient solution decreased. Irrespective of the rootstock, B levels in the upper–younger leaves were substantially higher than in basal-older leaves when plants were exposed to low B concentrations (≤0.05 mg l−1), suggesting that under such conditions B was preferentially translocated to upper–younger leaves to support their growth. Furthermore, B distribution in different plant parts indicated that there was a restriction in translocation of B from root to scion tissues (stems and leaves of scion) under conditions of limited B availability. In addition, low B treatments decreased leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate but increased intercellular CO2 concentration in the leaves of ‘Newhall’ plants, irrespective of the rootstock used. 相似文献