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1.
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2.
Associations of leptin gene polymorphisms with production traits in pigs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The associations of leptin (LEP) gene polymorphisms C798T, T2411C, T3266G and T3469C with production traits were investigated in a F2 pig population produced by divergent crosses. The statistical model included genotype, sex, batch and genotype by sex interaction as fixed effects and sire as random effect. Polymorphism C798T was associated with variation in total teat number (p < 0.02) and left teat number (p < 0.03), and polymorphism T3469C was associated with weight at 21 days (p < 0.03), 42 days (p < 0.05), 63 days (p < 0.02) and 77 days of age (p < 0.04) as well as feed intake (p < 0.01), average daily gain (p < 0.01), feed conversion (p < 0.01), bacon depth (p < 0.03) and slaughter weight (p < 0.03). Phenotypic associations were also performed by combining T3469C and C798T genotypes. Interaction between C798T genotypes and sex was observed for some traits. LEP genotypes had significant influence on performance traits, and can be considered as potential genetic markers for selection. However, these results have to be validated in commercial herds.  相似文献   

3.
We evaluated multiple effects of genetic variations of five candidate loci (LEP, LEPR, MC4R, PIK3C3 and VRTN) on four production traits (average daily weight gain (ADG); backfat thickness (BFT); loin eye muscle area (EMA); and intramuscular fat content (IMF)) in a closed nucleus herd of pure Duroc pigs. Polymorphisms in LEPR, MC4R and PIK3C3 had significant single gene effects on ADG and BFT. The additive genetic variance in ADG and BFT (16.99% and 22.51%, respectively) was explained by genetic effects of these three loci. No correlations were observed between the LEP genotype and production traits in this study. Although we detected marginally epistatic interactions between LEPR and PIK3C3 on the eye muscle area, there were no significant epistatic effects on any traits among all loci pairs. These results suggest that LEPR, MC4R, PIK3C3 and VRTN may independently influence growth rate and fat deposition. Furthermore, the statistical models for predicting the breeding values of each trait had the lowest Akaike's information criterion values when considering the effect of the MC4R, LEPR, PIK3C3 and VRTN genotype simultaneously. These results suggest that LEPR, MC4R, PIK3C3 and VRTN are useful markers for accurately predicting breeding values in Duroc pigs.  相似文献   

4.
A total of 196 barrows (88 kg) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments and housed in a facility (seven pigs per pen) where temperatures cycled between 27 and 35 degrees C. Treatments consisted of (as-fed basis) two CP levels (13.6 or 11.3%) and two levels of added fat (1 or 8%). Diets were formulated to the same true digestible lysine:ME ratio (1.68 g of lysine/Mcal of ME). Diets were fed and growth variables were measured until pigs reached 114 kg of BW. Ham and LM (loin) 24-h pH (PH24), and light reflectance (CIE L*, and a*, and b*, and hue angle) were taken after slaughter. Additionally, loins were removed and measured for i.m. fat, moisture, glycolytic potential, and subjected to a 7-d retail display evaluation that measured pH, light reflectance, and subjective color and odor score. The remaining boneless lumbar loin segment was vacuum-sealed for 14 d and subsequently measured for pH, light reflectance, and color. Pigs fed the high-CP, low-fat diet had a lower ADG than all other treatments (P = 0.06). High-fat feeding resulted in improved ADG (CP x Fat; P = 0.06) and G:F (Fat effect; P < 0.01). Higher fat and lower protein levels both increased final BF (P = 0.07). Pigs fed the low-CP diets had lower ham PH24 (P < 0.01). Loin PH24 was higher with high fat feeding (P = 0.10). Additionally, pigs fed high fat diets had lower L* values on the ham face and cut loin 24 h after slaughter (Fat effect; P 相似文献   

5.
Crossbred pigs (n = 200) from Duroc sires mated to Landrace x Large White dams, with a mean BW of 107.0 +/- 2.4 kg and intended for highquality dry-cured hams (Teruel ham) from Spain, were used to investigate the effects of sex (barrows and gilts) and slaughter weight (SW; 120, 125, 130, 135, and 140 kg of BW) on growth performance and carcass characteristics. For productive performance, there were 5 treatments based on 5 SW; each treatment was replicated 4 times and the replicate was a pen made up of 5 barrows and 5 gilts allotted together. For carcass traits, there were 10 treatments based on 2 sexes and 5 SW; each treatment was replicated 20 times and the replicate was a carcass. Barrows had fatter carcasses (P < 0.001) and wider hams (P < 0.01) but a lower yield of trimmed shoulder (P < 0.05), loin (P < 0.001), and ham (P < 0.001) than gilts. Also, castrates tended to show a greater proportion of final suitable carcasses for Teruel ham (P < 0.10) than females because more barrows than gilts fulfilled the minimum requirement of carcass weight and fat thickness in the gluteus medius (GM) muscle (P < 0.01). An increase in SW tended to decrease ADG and G:F (P < 0.10). In addition, dressing percentage, fat, and dimensions of carcass and ham increased as SW increased (P < 0.001). Although the weight of trimmed primal cuts (shoulder, loin, and ham) increased with SW, the yield of trimmed loin or ham decreased (P < 0.01). The proportion of final suitable carcasses for Teruel ham improved as SW increased up to 130 kg of BW but not thereafter (P < 0.001) because of an increase in percentage carcasses that fulfilled the minimum carcass and ham weight (P < 0.001) and fat in GM (P < 0.05). We can conclude that barrows were better than gilts when intended for Teruel ham. Furthermore, an increase in SW up to 130 kg in pigs impaired growth performance but improved some aspects of carcass quality that are required by the Teruel ham industry.  相似文献   

6.
Creatine monohydrate (CMH) was fed during the final stage of growth to determine its effects on fresh pork quality. Twenty-four Duroc-sired market hogs (107 kg) were individually penned and fed a corn-soybean finishing diet containing 0.55% lysine with 2% added choice white grease. Treatments consisted of a control diet (control) tested against two durations of CMH-supplemented diets (25 g CMH x pig(-1) x d(-1)) fed for 5 (5 d) or 10 (10 d) d before slaughter. Eight pigs were used per treatment. Pigs were slaughtered on day 11 of treatment (118 kg). Postmortem pH was measured in the loin (10th rib) and ham semimembranosus at 45 min (pH1) and 24 h (pH2). At 24 h, Hunter L* values were taken at the 10th rib and the ham semimembranosus. At 48 h, drip loss was determined from the loin (8th rib) and semimembranosus. Percentage of moisture, crude fat, and crude protein were determined for loin (9th rib) and semimembranosus. Treatment 2 semimembranosus tended to have a higher pH1 (P = 0.083) and pH2 (P = 0.05) than controls. Although not statistically different, 10 d semimembranosus had the highest proportion of moisture and lowest CP:moisture ratio, suggesting greater myofiber hydration. No statistical differences were detected across treatments for loin pH1, pH2, CP:moisture, or drip loss. Loins and semimembranosus from 5 d pigs had a numerically higher proportion of chemically determined i.m. fat, suggesting optimal intramuscular creatine phosphate saturation may allow for more energy to be stored as i.m. fat. Standard deviations of ham L* value means for 5 d (SD = 2.53) and 10 d (SD = 2.05) were 26 and 48% lower than controls (SD = 3.95). Standard deviations of loin L* value for 5 d (SD = 2.53) and 10 d (SD = 2.53) were 51 and 64% lower than controls (SD = 1.86). These results suggest that CMH supplementation buffers early postmortem and ultimate pH decline in the semimembranosus, which may reduce 48-h moisture loss.  相似文献   

7.
The objective of this work was to investigate whether the C3469T mutation at exon 3 of the pig leptin (Lep) gene is associated with fatness and if the magnitude and direction of these associations is consistent within age. Repeated measurements on body weight (BW), ultrasonic subcutaneous backfat (SB) and loin-muscle (LT) thickness, and intramuscular fat (IMF) content and composition were taken at 160, 180, 215 and 225 days of age on 162 Duroc barrows previously genotyped for the C3469T mutation. Plasma leptin concentration was determined at 180 days. A total of 505 records of IMF content and composition, which were determined both in live samples of longisimus dorsi muscle (LM) and in carcass samples of LM and gluteus medius muscle, were used in the analyses. The genotypic frequencies associated with the C3469T Lep mutation were 0.76, 0.23, and 0.01 for TT, TC, and CC genotypes, respectively. The effect of the Lep genotypes was assessed using a Bayesian approach based on a polynomial mixed model on age. No evidence was found for an association of the Lep genotypes neither with BW, SB thickness nor with plasma leptin concentration. The posterior mean of the difference TT–TC ranged, for LT, from 0.82 (160 days, posterior probability density (PP)> 0 of 87%) to 1.98 mm (220 days, PP > 0 of 96%) and, for IMF, from 0.96 (160 days, PP > 0 of 84%) to − 1.64 mg/g DM (220 days, PP > 0 of 2%). The results suggest an age-dependent association of the C3469T Lep polymorphism with LT and IMF, which may be useful to explain some controversial results in the literature concerning the association of this polymorphism with IMF content.  相似文献   

8.
The effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation, and pork quality were investigated. Pigs (n = 20) were fed a diet containing 0, 1, 2.5, or 5% CLA for 4 wk and slaughtered at 105 kg. The longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle was collected at 24 h postmortem. Pork loin chops (3 cm thick) were packaged aerobically and stored at 4 degrees C for 7 d. Samples were analyzed for ultimate pH, intramuscular fat content, fatty acid composition, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, color (L*, a*, b*), and water-holding capacity. Dietary CLA reduced the concentration of linoleic acid and increased CLA concentration in intramuscular fat of pork loin (P < 0.05). The concentration of CLA in muscle was increased with dietary CLA level and did not change during storage. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance value of control was higher than that of the CLA-fed groups (P < 0.05). Intramuscular fat content was increased by dietary CLA, and less purge loss was observed with samples from CLA-fed pigs (P < 0.05). Dietary CLA improved the color stability of pork loin during cold storage. After 7 d, lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) of the 5% CLA-fed group were significantly lower than those of control (P < 0.05). The results indicated that the water-holding capacity of pork loin was increased with increased intramuscular fat content apparently caused by dietary CLA. Also, the data indicated that color stability of pork was improved with inhibition of lipid oxidation and changing of fatty acid composition by dietary CLA.  相似文献   

9.
This article studies the effect of a boar's birth season and breed on semen parameters and its further reproductive performance. Research material consisted of 72 boars from three breeds (24 Polish Large White PLW, 24 Polish Landrace PL, 24 Duroc × Pietrain D×P). During the whole period of the study, selected semen parameters were analysed: semen volume, spermatozoa concentration, total number of spermatozoa, total number of motile spermatozoa, number of insemination doses and also reproductive indicators: farrowing rate, total born litter size, total number of piglets born live and still, and average piglet weight. Boars born in the winter and summer months demonstrated the highest spermatozoa concentrations (383.25 and 392.37 × 106/ml), total number of spermatozoa (91.75 and 93.21 × 109), total number of motile spermatozoa (76.10 and 77.99 × 109) and number of insemination doses (24.53 and 24.89; p ≤0.01). Statistically lower values for these parameters were observed for boars born in the spring and especially in autumn (p ≤0.01). The significant impact of birth season on farrowing rate (p ≤ 0.05) and average piglet weight (p ≤ 0.05) was confirmed for PLW boars. For the PL breed, only the total number of piglets born live was proven to be significantly affected (p ≤ 0.05). No impact of birth season was shown on semen quality or reproductive performance for D×P boars. In our study, we showed that the birth season of a boar had a more impact on the level of semen parameters, and less on the reproductive performance indicators. The results indicated that both the quality of semen and reproductive performance varied in terms of the study factors, as well as between individual breeds of boars involved in the experiment.  相似文献   

10.
The effect of a human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF) analog ([desamino-Tyr1, D-Ala2, Ala15] hGRF(1-29)NH2) on the carcass composition of crossbred barrows was evaluated. pH, color and collagen content were measured on 74 animals distributed among the following five treatments started at about 50 kg BW: T1, control saline three times daily (TID); T2, hGRF analog (1.66 micrograms/kg, TID); T3, hGRF analog (3.33 micrograms/kg, TID); T4, hGRF analog (6.66 micrograms/kg, TID) and T5, hGRF analog (10 micrograms/kg, once daily). Animals were slaughtered at approximately 106 kg BW giving an average of 55 d on test. Carcass composition was determined on eight animals from T1 and eight animals from T4. The left side of each carcass was divided into four untrimmed commercial cuts: ham, loin, shoulder and belly, which then were dissected into muscle, separable fat, bone and skin. Ham, loin and belly weights were not affected by GRF treatment, but shoulder weight was increased (P less than .05; 10.11 vs 11.15 kg, SE = .21). There was an increase (P less than .0.05) in muscle content of all the cuts considered and a concomitant decrease (P less than .05) in fat content. The analog increased muscle weight by 16% and decreased fat weight by 25% in the pooled tissues of the shoulder, ham and loin. Overall, hGRF analog increased skin and bone weights by 39% and 19%, respectively. Chemical analysis demonstrated that the hGRF analog increased overall protein accretion in the carcass by 10.5% and decreased crude fat by 28.7%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

11.
In total, 360 pigs slaughtered at 125 kg of BW and destined for the dry-cured industry were used to study the influence of sex and castration [immunocastrated males (IMC), surgically castrated males (CM), and intact females (IF)] in 2 terminal Large White sire lines [Top York (TY) and Tempo (TE)] on growth performance and carcass and meat quality. The female line was Large White × Landrace. The IMC pigs were immunized against gonadotropin-releasing factor (GnRF) with Improvac at 78 (experimental d 16) and 126 (experimental d 64, 48 d before slaughter) d of age. Each of the 6 treatments was replicated 6 times (10 pigs/pen). Through the day of the first Improvac injection (62 to 78 d of age), IMC and IF grew at a slower rate (P < 0.001) than CM with no differences (P = 0.95) in feed intake. The CM had greater G:F than IF, with IMC being intermediate (P < 0.01). From 78 to 126 d of age (between Improvac injections), the IMC pigs ate less feed (P < 0.001) and grew at a slower rate than CM, with IF being intermediate. The IMC pigs were more feed efficient than IF, and both were more efficient than CM (P < 0.001). However, from 126 to 174 d of age (from the second Improvac injection to slaughter), IMC pigs grew at a faster rate (P < 0.001) and were more efficient (P < 0.001) than IF and CM. Overall, IMC and CM pigs grew at a faster rate (P < 0.01) than IF, and IMC were more efficient than the other sexes (P < 0.001), but had reduced (P < 0.001) carcass yield compared with CM and IF. The IMC and IF pigs also had less (P < 0.001) backfat depth than CM. Intact females had greater (P < 0.01) loin yield but less intramuscular fat than IMC and CM and greater (P < 0.05) fresh and trimmed ham yields than CM, with IMC being intermediate. Crossbreds from TE sires grew at a faster rate (P < 0.001) than crossbreds from TY sires, but no differences (P = 0.23 and 0.14, respectively) were found for feed intake or efficiency. Crossbreds from TY produced greater (P < 0.05) fresh and trimmed ham yield, but less (P < 0.01) loin yield and intramuscular fat content than crossbreds from TE. In conclusion, IMC pigs are more efficient, but have less carcass yield than CM and IF. The intramuscular fat content is least for IF and similar for IMC and CM. Crossbreds from TE sires were larger and had greater intramuscular fat content, but slightly less trimmed ham yield compared with crossbreds from TY sires. Immunocastrated pigs can replace CM for the production of heavy pigs destined for the dry-cured industry. Because of increased carcass weight, crossbreds from TE sires may have an advantage over crossbreds from TY sires.  相似文献   

12.
Forty-seven market-weight pigs were slaughtered in order to determine percentage of chemical fat and in an attempt to determine an easily obtainable and inexpensive method to predict this value. The hams and 8-9-10 rib loin sections were removed from the left side of each carcass and dissected into subcutaneous and seam fat, individual muscles, skin and bone. Weights and chemical analysis were determined for each component. Numerous weights, measurements and specific gravity were determined on the carcass, ham and loin section of each pig. Percentage of chemical fat of each ham, loin section and carcasses was determined and correlated with the various weights and measurements taken. Stepwise regression was used to develop prediction equations using carcass data, specific gravity, ham or loin measurements or various combinations of these as dependent variables. The single best indicator of the decimal fraction of chemical fat in the pork carcass was determined to be specific gravity of the carcass half, the prediction equation using this variable had an R-square of .64. By adding 10th rib fat thickness to this equation, the R-square increased to .72. The best equation using carcass variables included 10th rib fat and marbling (R-square = .67). The loin section proved to be an accurate indicator of composition; ham measures were not as accurate as specific gravity and carcass measurements for predicting percentage of carcass fat. This research suggests that the percentage of chemical fat in the pork carcass can be predicted by an easy and inexpensive means.  相似文献   

13.
Purebred Durocs (n = 207) were used to develop a model to predict loin intramuscular fat percentage (PIMF) of the longissimus muscle in live pigs. A minimum of four longitudinal, real-time ultrasound images were collected 7 cm off-midline across the 10th to the 13th ribs on the live animal. A trained technician used texture analysis software to interpret the images and produce 10 image parameters. Backfat and loin muscle area were measured from a cross-sectional image at the 10th rib. After harvest, a slice from the 10th to the 11h rib loin interface was used to determine carcass loin intramuscular fat percentage (CIMF). The model to predict loin intramuscular fat percentage was developed using linear regression analysis with CIMF as the dependent variable. Initial independent variables were off-test weight, live animal ultrasonic 10th rib backfat and loin muscle area, and the 10 image parameters. Independent variables were removed individually until all variables remaining were significant (P < 0.05). The final prediction model included live animal ultrasound backfat and five image parameters. The multiple coefficient of determination and root mean square error for the prediction model were 0.32 and 1.02%, respectively. An independent data set of Duroc (n = 331) and Yorkshire (n = 288) pigs from two replications of the National Pork Board's Genetics of Lean Efficiency Project were used for model validation. Results showed the Duroc pigs provided the beat validation of the model. The product moment correlation and rank correlation coefficients between PIMF and CIMF were 0.60 and 0.56, respectively, in the Duroc population. Results show real-time ultrasound image analysis can be used to predict intramuscular fat percentage in live swine.  相似文献   

14.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was fed to growing-finishing barrows (n = 92) at 0.75% of the diet. A commercial CLA preparation (CLA 60) containing 60% CLA isomers was included at 1.25% to provide 0.75% CLA in the diet. The inclusion of CLA in diets was initiated at various BW and fed until slaughter. Growth, carcass, meat quality, physical, chemical, and sensory data were collected and analyzed. Treatments T1, T2, T3, and T4 included the last 0, 29, 56 and 87 kg, respectively, of weight gain before slaughter. Average daily gain and feed intake were not affected (P > or = 0.06) by CLA, but gain:feed responded quadratically (P = 0.05), over the entire BW gain (28 to 115 kg) with pigs of T2 and T3 having the greatest gain:feed. Loin muscle area increased (P = 0.01) linearly with increasing weight gain while fed CLA, and 10th rib, first rib, and last rib fat depth decreased (P < or = 0.05) linearly. Subjective quality measures on loin muscles increased linearly for marbling (P < 0.05) and tended to increase for firmness (P = 0.07) with increasing weight gain while barrows were fed CLA. Objective Hunter color values for loin chops from T1 and T4 were not different for L* (P = 0.12) or a* (P = 0.08) values but were higher (P < 0.05) for b* values with CLA feeding. Lipid oxidation values of loin muscle tissue were lower (P < 0.05) for pigs fed CLA (T1 vs T4). Increasing the period of weight gain while feeding CLA linearly increased (P < 0.01) saturated fatty acids and CLA isomers in loin tissue and linearly increased (P < 0.01) saturated fatty acids and CLA isomers in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Sensory panel characteristics of loin chops were not changed (P > 0.05) by feeding CLA. Increased gain:feed, increased loin muscle area, decreased fat depth, and improvements in marbling and firmness with CLA feeding could result in improved profitability of pork production systems.  相似文献   

15.
Impact of MYOD family genes on pork traits in Large White and Landrace pigs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Summary Porcine myogenic differentiation genes ( MYOD ) family play a key role in growth and muscle development and are therefore considered as candidate genes for meat production traits. The objective of the study was to investigate the polymorphisms at four loci belonging to the MYOD genes family and analyse their associations with variation in meat production traits in Czech pig breeds. To verify the associations between the polymorphisms and the selected meat traits, altogether 254 pigs, including full- and half-sibs, of Large White and Landrace breeds were tested. The studied meat characteristics were weight of neck, loin, shoulder and ham, lean meat content (LMC), backfat thickness, intramuscular fat (IMF), remission, dry matter content and test daily gain. Statistically significant associations were observed between MYOG gene and fat and neck weight, and between MYF5 gene and IMF and LMC. High significant differences were observed between genotypes AA and AB of MYOD1 in IMF and between genotypes AB and BB of MYF5 in loin weight.  相似文献   

16.
Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth and development in mammals, and variation in ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) has been demonstrated to be associated with variation in the muscularity of sheep. Polymerase chain reaction–single‐stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) was used to look for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a 304‐bp amplicon from the promoter region of ovine MSTN. Sequence analyses revealed two previously identified SNPs (c.?2449G/C and c. ?2379T/C) that resulted in three haplotypes (H1 (c.[?2449G; ?2379C]), H2 (c.[?2449C; ?2379C]) and H3 (c.[?2449G; ?2379T]). The effect of these SNPs on growth and carcass traits was investigated in 357 NZ Romney lambs. General linear mixed‐effect models revealed that sheep with the genotype c.?2449GC had a higher loin meat yield (p = 0.032) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.028), than those with the genotype c.?2449GG. The genotype c.?2379CC was associated with an increase in three weight traits: birthweight (p = 0.003), tailing weight (p = 0.009) and weaning weight (p = 0.028), when compared with the genotype c.?2379TC, but it was not found to have an association with growth rate. This suggests that c.?2379T/C has an effect that originates at, or before birth. Haplotype H3 was associated with a decrease in birthweight (p = 0.002), tailing weight (p = 0.003) and weaning weight (p = 0.011). Haplotype H2 was associated with increased loin yield (p = 0.012) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.002). The SNPs may have value as genetic markers for improved Romney breeding.  相似文献   

17.
An insertion/deletion variant of a thymine base (T5 and T6) in exon 2 of porcine beta 3‐adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) gene has been described. In the current study, we made an association study between the ADRB3 polymorphisms and production traits in 735 Duroc pigs. The allele frequencies for the T5 and T6 alleles in our study population were 0.433 and 0.567, respectively. Any associations between ADRB3 genotype and average daily weight gain during test period, or backfat thickness and intramuscular fat content were not detected in either sex. However the size of the loin eye muscle area (EMA) was significantly associated with ADRB3 genotypes in gilts. T6‐homozygous gilts had a higher mean of EMA (40.6 ± 0.6 cm2) than T5‐homozygous (38.1 ± 0.4 cm2, P = 0.002) and heterozygous (38.8 ± 0.3 cm2, P = 0.034) gilts. This association was not detected in males. In addition, a multiple traits animal model best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) analysis revealed that the T6‐homozygous genotype had positive effects on breeding value of EMA. Accordingly, we suggest that ADRB3 polymorphism has the potential to be an important genetic marker for prediction of EMA in Duroc pigs.  相似文献   

18.
Three levels (0, 1 and 2%) of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were combined with two levels (low and high) of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) for pig feeding. Productive, carcass and meat quality traits were studied. Large White ♂ × Landrace × Large White ♀ gilts (n = 288) weighting 70 kg were randomly allotted to 6 different feeding treatments and fed to a final average weight of 107 kg. Loins were taken from 48 animals (8 animals randomly selected from each treatment). No differences due to dietary CLA, MUFA or CLA × MUFA interaction were found on average daily gain, average daily consumption, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, backfat thickness, loin weight, loin pH and loin colour. A significant increase in intramuscular fat content (p = 0.010) and in saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p < 0.001), and a decrease in MUFA (p = 0.001) and desaturase indices were found as consequence of dietary CLA, regardless the MUFA level. Therefore, dietary CLA, MUFA and their interaction did not influence productive and carcass traits of pigs. However, the use of CLA for swine feeding increased the intramuscular fat content and modified the fatty acid profile, regardless the MUFA level of the diets.  相似文献   

19.
This study was designed to compare the fatty acid profiles of four types of fat depots from bulls, steers, and heifers. All animals were Polish Holstein-Friesian and Limousin crossbreds fattened semi-intensively—silage at libitum and concentrate in the amount corresponding to 30% of their net energy requirements. The fatty acid profile in intramuscular, intermuscular, and external and internal fat was determined. The intramuscular fat of bulls was most abundant in total PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs, and functional fatty acids C 18:2, C 20:4, and C 22:5 in comparison with steers and heifers. Regardless of sex category, intramuscular and external fat were characterized by higher levels of UFAs and a more desirable MUFA/SFA ratio than the remaining fat types. It should also be noted that external fat was more abundant in CLA than other fat types, and that the highest CLA content was found in bull fat, compared with the remaining sex categories of cattle.  相似文献   

20.
Obesity is associated with inflammatory disorders in humans, including degenerative joint disease. While obesity is endemic in horses, its relationship to equine degenerative joint disease has not been explored. The current study sought to describe relationships between: body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), lameness grade (AAEP), total body fat mass (kg; FM) and fat per cent (FP) [multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (mfBIA)], age, gender, activity level (AL), synovial fluid (SF) and plasma (PL) PGE2 and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in horses. During this field investigation, the BCS (of nine) of 54 horses at multiple farms in southern Ontario, Canada, was determined. Horses were categorized as thin (BCS=3/9; n = 6), moderate (BCS=4 or 5/9; n = 18), overweight (BCS=6 or 7/9; n = 19) or obese (BCS=8 or 9/9; n = 11). Total fat mass (kg) and body fat% was measured using mfBIA, lameness was assessed (AAEP lameness scale) and synovial fluid was collected via aseptic arthrocentesis from the left intercarpal joint for assessment of inflammatory biomarkers (PGE2, GAG). Means were compared with a one‐way ANOVA; correlation coefficients were calculated using a Spearman Rank Order Correlation to reveal correlations between variables. BCS was positively correlated with BW, FM, FP, AL and PL‐PGE2. BW was also significantly positively correlated with PL‐PGE2. It is concluded that BCS is significantly correlated with PL‐PGE2, due in part to the combined effect of AL and body condition. Net inflammatory effects of body fat on risk for joint disease require further study.  相似文献   

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