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1.
Fifteen cats were treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum using proton beam radiation. The protocol used was accelerated with eight equal fractions given on four consecutive days, with a minimum of six hours between fractions. Total dose of radiation delivered was escalated with nine cats receiving 40.4 CGE (60Co Gy equivalent), and three cats each receiving 42.4 and 44.8 CGE. Complete response to the protocol was 60% (9/15), partial response was 33% (5 of 15), and no response was seen in 6.6% (1 of 15). Tumor control rate at one year was 64% and no cat had tumor recurrence after one year. Median survival was 946 days (+/- 516 days). Side effects were minimal with no severe reactions noted in the early or late period. This protocol offers an effective treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the feline nasal planum with minimal side effects and may be adaptable to conventional radiation sources particularly when the field size is very small.  相似文献   

2.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum in cats and dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The purpose of this article is to review the therapeutic options available for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum in cats and dogs. The techniques of complete and partial nasal planum resection in the cat are described in detail. Surgical treatment offers the greatest chance of cure, although several options are available for early, less invasive lesions.  相似文献   

3.
BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinomas are common skin tumors in cats. We investigated photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a new liposomal photosensitizer as a minimally invasive, effective treatment that can be easily performed while achieving good cosmetic results. AIM: The goal of this study was to assess and describe possible toxicities using a liposomal formulation of the photosensitizer meta-(Tetrahydroxyphenyl)Chlorin (m-THPC) and investigate if favorable pharmacokinetics translate into favorable tumor response and control. ANIMALS: Eighteen client-owned cats with 20 spontaneous cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas were included in the study. METHODS: PDT was performed using a new, liposomal formulation of the photosensitizer. Toxicity, tumor response, and tumor control were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: No general adverse effects were observed in cats treated with the new liposomal formulation. Mild local toxicity such as erythema and edema were seen in 15% of the patients. All cats responded to therapy, with a complete response rate of 100%. The overall 1-year control rate was 75%. The tumor recurrence rate was 20% with a median time to recurrence of 172.25 +/-87.1) days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: A new liposomal photosensitizer was successfully used for squamous cell carcinoma in cats and was well tolerated. There were no systemic adverse effects observed with the liposomal formulation. The favorable pharmacokinetics of the liposomal drug resulted in a favorable tumor response.  相似文献   

4.
Objective— To describe a novel reconstructive technique after nasal planum and premaxilla resection.
Study Design— Case report.
Animals— Dogs (n=2) with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal planum.
Methods— A 9-year-old neutered female Labrador retriever (dog 1) and an 11–year-old neutered male Golden retriever (dog 2) had resection of the nasal planum and premaxilla for treatment of locally invasive SCC. Reconstruction of a nasal planum facsimile was based on use of the nonhaired pigmented margins of bilateral labial mucocutaneous rotation-advancement flaps.
Results— Reconstruction of the premaxilla by construction of a nasal planum facsimile resulted in uncomplicated wound healing and improved cosmesis. There was no tumor recurrence at 1290 (dog 1) and 210 (dog 2) days after surgery.
Conclusion— Reconstruction of a nasal planum facsimile was successfully performed without complications in 2 dogs with high owner satisfaction with cosmetic appearance.
Clinical Relevance— This technique represents a significant advancement in surgical cosmetic outcome, may potentially reduce postoperative complications, and should be considered for dogs requiring nasal reconstruction after nasal planum resection with premaxillectomy.  相似文献   

5.
The responses of 15 cats with histologically (n=14) or cytologically (n=1) confirmed nasal squamous cell carcinoma treated with (90)Strontium plesiotherapy were reviewed retrospectively. Cats were treated such that a total dose of 50Gy was delivered at a depth of 2mm, administered in five fractions over a 10-day period. Of the cats, 11 were stage T(2), three were T(is) and one had only a cytological diagnosis precluding staging. Eleven of the cats achieved complete response (no visible lesion after 6-8 weeks) following the first cycle of therapy, and two cats with partial response achieved complete response with a second cycle of therapy. The remaining two cats achieved partial response following therapy, but further intervention was declined. Euthanasia was performed in these two cats because of progressive disease after 81 and 142 days. Of the 85% of cats that achieved a complete response, there was no recurrence of disease during a follow-up period of 134-2,043 days (median 652 days). In addition to prolonged disease-free survivals, (90)Strontium therapy produced excellent cosmetic results from the owners' perspective. These results demonstrate that superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the feline nasal planum responds excellently to (90)Strontium plesiotherapy, and this form of therapy may offer advantages over other alternatives currently available.  相似文献   

6.
A study was undertaken to investigate the treatment of superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum, pinna and eyelid in cats by photodynamic therapy, using topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid cream, with subsequent exposure to red light of wavelength 635 nm, supplied by a light-emitting diode source. A total of 13 squamous cell carcinomas were treated, including 10 nasal planum lesions, two pinnal lesions and one eyelid lesion. After a single treatment, complete responses were seen in nine out of 10 nasal planum lesions, one out of two pinnal lesions and the eyelid lesion. The overall complete response rate for lesions managed with a single photodynamic therapy treatment was 85 per cent. Seven of the 11 lesions (63.6 per cent) showing a complete response subsequently recurred; the time to recurrence ranged from 19 to 56 weeks (median 21 weeks, mean 26.7 weeks).  相似文献   

7.
Background: Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common skin tumors in cats. We investigated photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the photosensitizing agent 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (5‐ALA) topically and a high‐intensity red light source. Hypothesis: PDT is a safe and effective treatment for feline SCCs. Animals: Fifty‐five client‐owned cats with superficial nasal planum SCCs. Methods: Prospective, uncontrolled clinical trial. PDT was performed using topical 5‐ALA and light of peak wavelength 635 nm. Adverse effects, response, and tumor control were evaluated. Results: 53/55 (96%) cats responded to therapy, and there was a complete response in 47/55 (85%). Six cats (11%) had a partial response. Of the 47 cats with complete response to a single treatment, 24 recurred (51%), with a median time to recurrence of 157 days (95% confidence interval, 109–205 days). Repeat PDT was performed in 22 cats, and at a median follow‐up of 1,146 days, 23 (45%) cats were alive and disease free, 17 (33%) had to be euthanized due to tumor recurrence, and 11 (22%) were euthanized for other reasons. Only transient mild local adverse effects were observed after treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: PDT using 5‐ALA and a red light source was safe, well tolerated, and effective in the treatment of superficial nasal planum SCCs of cats and offers an alternative to conventional therapy. Although initial response rates were high, this treatment did not lead to a durable remission or cure in all cases.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: To determine progression-free and overall survival times of cats with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal planum following treatment with a single fraction of strontium Sr 90 ((90)Sr). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 49 cats with SCC of the nasal planum. PROCEDURES: Information including FIV infection status, diagnosis of SCC vs SCC in situ (ie, evidence that the tumor did or did not penetrate the epidermal basement membrane, respectively), (90)Sr dose and number of probe applications, treatment-related response and complications, and recurrence of SCC and new lesion development was obtained from medical records. The relationships of these variables with calculated progression-free and overall survival times were assessed. RESULTS: Of 49 cats that underwent (90)Sr plesiotherapy (median dose, 128 Gy), 48 (98%) had a response to treatment and 43 (88%) had a complete response. Median progression-free and overall survival times were 1,710 and 3,076 days, respectively. Treatment complications were infrequent (4 [8%] cats) and mild. Following treatment, the SCC recurrence rate was 20% (10/49 cats); 16 (33%) cats developed new lesions in other locations. Overall survival time was significantly longer for cats with a complete response to treatment than for those with a partial response. None of the other variables evaluated had a significant effect on progression-free or overall survival time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Treatment of cats with SCC of the nasal planum with a single fraction of (90)Sr appeared to be effective and well tolerated. Initial response to treatment was predictive of overall survival time.  相似文献   

9.
Between 1988 and 1991, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection status was evaluated in 1,160 cats examined at an oncology referral and general practice in Los Angeles, California. Twenty-nine (2.5%) cats were FIV positive. Neoplasia was present in 18 of the 29 (62%) cats. Sampling for neoplasia was intentionally biased in the oncology referral group. However, 33% (6/18) of FIV-infected cats with neoplasia originated from the general practice. Three neoplastic processes were observed; myeloproliferative disease (MPD; 5/18), lymphoma (LSA; 5/18), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 7/18). One cat had LSA and SCC. Extranodal sites of LSA were common (66%) in FIV-infected cats. Sites of LSA were submandibular and mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, periorbital area, and diffuse (heart, pancreas, bladder). Sites of SCC were sublingual (n = 2), nasal planum (n = 3), nasal planum and eyelids (n = 1), and mandible (n = 2). Feline leukemia virus co-infection was observed in 17% (5/29) of FIV-infected cats. The FIV-infected cats with MPD were young (range, 8 months to 13 years; median, 4 years) and had short survival duration (2, 6, 21, 134, 249 days) even in response to aggressive treatment. The FIV-infected cats with LSA were older (median age, 8 years; range, 4 to 14 years) and survived 60 days if untreated. Cats administered chemotherapy survived 39, 45, 217, and 243 days; the latter 2 cats had partial remission of 2 months' duration. Older FIV-infected cats had SCC (median age, 12 years; remission range, 7 to 16 years) because of more frequent association of both diseases in older cats with outdoor environment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

10.
Six cats with an advanced stage squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal planum were treated with a combination of superficial radiotherapy and intralesional carboplatin therapy. This multimodality protocol was well tolerated by the majority of cats and resulted in complete responses in all cats (100%). Median follow‐up for all cats is 268 days, and the median time‐to‐recurrence, time‐to‐progression and overall survival have not yet been reached. Our study, although limited in number of animals and with a relatively short median follow‐up compared to other studies for this disease, suggests that a combination of radiotherapy and intralesional carboplatin is a useful treatment option for an advanced stage SCC of the nasal planum in cats and warrants further application of the multimodality approach presented here.  相似文献   

11.
Surgical techniques for removal of tumors that affect the nasal planum or the premaxilla have been described. For extensively invasive malignancies, these techniques may be inadequate if used alone to achieve wide surgical margins. An operative technique that combines resection of the nasal planum and premaxilla has been developed for extensive malignant tumors of the nasal planum or premaxilla. This technique was used in three dogs and resulted in an acceptable cosmetic appearance and good function and tumor control. Complications after surgery included minor bleeding and partial dehiseence of the suture lines in two dogs and stenosis of the nasal orifice in one dog.  相似文献   

12.
Three cats with indolent corneal ulcers and one cat with bilateral corneal sequestration and normal aqueous tear production were found to have rapid tear break-up times (BUTs). Tear BUTs in clinically affected cats averaged 2.5 ± 1.29 s and 2.33 ± 0.58 s for the right and left eyes, respectively. Palpebral conjunctival biopsies were harvested from consistent sites from each eye of affected cats ( n  = 7 affected eyes), and age-and breed-matched controls ( n  = 2 unaffected eyes). Light microscopy revealed a marked decrease to complete absence of conjunctival goblet cells (average goblet cell (GC):epithelial cell (EC) density = 18:50), conjunctival epithelial dysplasia, squamous metaplasia, and neutrophilic and mononuclear cell submucosal infiltration in affected cats. Specimens from the control cats had an average GC:EC density of 34:50, and minimal submucosal inflammatory infiltrate. The corneas ( n  = 7 eyes) healed following surgical keratectomy with ( n  = 2 eyes) or without ( n  = 1 eye) conjunctival pedicle flaps, superficial keratectomy and striate keratotomy with ( n  = 2 eyes) or without ( n  = 2 eyes) third eyelid flaps, and mucinomimetic tear supplementation ( n  = 5 eyes). Goblet cell regeneration was confirmed after 5 months of mucinomimetic supplementation ( n  = 2 eyes). The etiology for these mucin deficiencies remains unknown.  相似文献   

13.
Affected cats were three Bengals, one male and two females, whose age at onset of lesions ranged from 13- to 20-weeks old. Nasal planum scaling progressed to thick crusting, consequent exfoliation and exposure of underlying erosions. No signs of pruritus or pain were present but mild respiratory signs were noticed. In all cats, haematology and biochemistry were normal, they were FIV and FeLV negative, PCR for herpesvirus, calicivirus and Chlamydia were negative, and viral isolation for calicivirus and herpesvirus was negative. Wood's lamp examination was negative, as were bacterial and fungal cultures. Cytology showed exfoliating keratinocytes. A skin biopsy taken from one case showed no significant changes. Biopsies from the nasal planum of four dead cats with nondermatological conditions (controls) were collected for comparative studies. Morphometry to record the percentage of the granular layer (GL) and stratum corneum (SC) on the total thickness of the epidermis of the nasal planum was performed. The GL and SC accounted for 10.2 and 21.7% of the epidermal thickness in the affected cat, compared to 18.3 and 20.2%, respectively, in the controls. A significant reduction ( P  < 0.02) of the SC thickness was detected in the affected cat compared to controls. No treatment was instituted as all cats underwent complete (two cats) or nearly complete (one cat) resolution. The reported cases share the same breed, age at onset, type of lesions and a similar outcome. A reduction of the SC thickness in one of the affected cats was recorded. Therefore, an underlying congenital condition is suspected that manifests with high epidermal cell turnover and normal keratinization.
Funding: Self-funded.  相似文献   

14.
A mature castrated male domestic shorthair cat was referred for treatment of an excoriated, ulcerated area on the nasal planum. Undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed. Surgical resection of the nasal planum was not an option, so the lesion was treated 4 times with neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. Laser surgery results in uniform photovaporization of large volumes of tissue. Although treatment with laser does not yield tissue specimens suitable for histologic evaluation, it can result in a cosmetically suitable appearance and can extend the predicted life span. A diagnosis of undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma has a guarded prognosis: however, the cat of this report survived more than 18 months.  相似文献   

15.
Affected cats were three Bengals, one male and two females, whose age at onset of lesions ranged from 13‐ to 20‐weeks old. Nasal planum scaling progressed to thick crusting, consequent exfoliation and exposure of underlying erosions. No signs of pruritus or pain were present but mild respiratory signs were noticed. In all cats, haematology and biochemistry were normal, they were FIV and FeLV negative, PCR for herpesvirus, calicivirus and Chlamydia were negative, and viral isolation for calicivirus and herpesvirus was negative. Wood's lamp examination was negative, as were bacterial and fungal cultures. Cytology showed exfoliating keratinocytes. A skin biopsy taken from one case showed no significant changes. Biopsies from the nasal planum of four dead cats with nondermatological conditions (controls) were collected for comparative studies. Morphometry to record the percentage of the granular layer (GL) and stratum corneum (SC) on the total thickness of the epidermis of the nasal planum was performed. The GL and SC accounted for 10.2 and 21.7% of the epidermal thickness in the affected cat, compared to 18.3 and 20.2%, respectively, in the controls. A significant reduction (P < 0.02) of the SC thickness was detected in the affected cat compared to controls. No treatment was instituted as all cats underwent complete (two cats) or nearly complete (one cat) resolution. The reported cases share the same breed, age at onset, type of lesions and a similar outcome. A reduction of the SC thickness in one of the affected cats was recorded. Therefore, an underlying congenital condition is suspected that manifests with high epidermal cell turnover and normal keratinization. Funding: Self‐funded.  相似文献   

16.
Three dogs and 1 cat with intranasal tumors were treated with pyropheophorbide-a-hexyl ether-based photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT was well tolerated by all the animals, and no adverse effects from photosensitizer injection, such as cutaneous photosensitization, were observed. Facial swelling was observed in all animals after each PDT treatment but resolved spontaneously within 72 hours after treatment. All animals had a decrease in severity of epistaxis, frequency of sneezing, and amount of nasal discharge after PDT. Clinical signs were controlled for variable time, although long-term responses were comparable with radiation therapy in 2 animals. This small case series demonstrates another application for PDT in veterinary medicine. On the basis of these findings. further studies are warranted to define the role of PDT in the management of intranasal tumors in dogs and cats.  相似文献   

17.
Clinical and diagnostic parameters, and response to topical mupirocin in 25 cats with feline acne are described. The chin was the most common area affected, but the lower lip, upper lip and the commissure of the lips also frequently had lesions. The most common clinical sign was the presence of crusts, followed by comedones, erythema, alopecia, pruritus and nodules/fistulas. Deep skin scrapings for ectoparasites, cytological examination of superficial skin scrapings, and fungal cultures from the chin were performed on all cats. Dermatophytes were cultured from two cats and Malassezia pachydermatis was cultured ( n  = 2), seen on cytology smears ( n  = 1), or noted on histopathology ( n  = 1). Skin biopsies were obtained from three of the cats and most commonly showed dilatation of sebaceous gland ducts, neutrophilic or pyogranulomatous infiltration of the sebaceous glands, and pyogranulomatous inflammation of the dermis.
All cats were treated with topical 2% mupirocin ointment twice daily for 3 weeks as the sole treatment. Treatment response was excellent in 15 cats and good in nine cats. One cat had a contact reaction to the mupirocin, necessitating stopping treatment. The response to treatment of the six cats with dermatophyte or years involvement was good ( n  = 3) or excellent ( n  = 3).  相似文献   

18.
Direct immunofluorescence testing for IgG, IgM, and C3 was performed on nasal planum and footpad tissue from 28 normal cats. Granular deposition of IgM at the basement membrane zone of the nasal planum was demonstrated in 3 of 28 cats. Direct immunofluorescence testing of the footpad was negative in all cats. It was concluded that positive direct immunofluorescence testing of the feline nasal planum using antifeline IgM needs to be cautiously interpreted, as 11% of normal cats may be positive.  相似文献   

19.
Nine cats with oral squamous cell carcinoma were treated with an accelerated radiation protocol (14 fractions of 3.5 Gy in 9 days). Radiation was administered twice daily with a 6hour break between treatments. Median overall survival was 86 +/- 110 days. Median survival for cats with a partial response (n=6) was 60 +/- 7 days, while median survival for cats with a complete response (n=3) was 298 +/- 187 days (P = 0.0639). The accelerated protocol was well tolerated and toxicity in the early and late period was manageable in all cats. Further modification of the protocol is warranted to extend survival.  相似文献   

20.
The rabies virus is one of the most neurotropic of all viruses infecting mammals. During the terminal phases of infection, the virus spreads to peripheral tissues, including the skin. The external skin of the nose, called the nasal planum, is a sensory organ where numerous nerve bundles and terminal nerves are distributed. Therefore, the nasal planum is expected to serve as a postmortem diagnostic material. However, the distribution of rabies virus antigens in the nasal planum in rabid animals has not yet been studied. In this study, the nasal planum was obtained from 45 rabid dogs. In all rabid dogs, the viral antigen was detected in the peripheral nerve tissues, Merkel cells, and squamous cells. The viral antigen in the epidermis exhibited three patterns: first, a diffuse positive pattern from the basal layer to the squamous layer; second, a reticular positive pattern along the cell membrane in the squamous layer; and third, a basal layer pattern of the epidermis. In the dermis, viral antigens were detected more often in lamellated corpuscles just beneath the rete pegs. These results suggest that the nasal planum could serve as a useful alternative source for postmortem diagnosis in rabies endemic countries.  相似文献   

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