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1.
以唐山市滦南县林场107速生杨（Populus×euramericana cv.‘74/76’）为研究对象,使用滴灌法将土壤体积含水量分别设置为15%～20%、10%～15%和5%～10%,利用热扩散式探针法（TDP）测定杨树边材液流速率,同时监测太阳辐射、气温、大气湿度、大气压、风速等气象因子,探寻不同环境条件下107杨树树干日间和夜间的液流变化规律,分析不同环境下林木对水分的利用,为速生丰产林制定合理的水分灌溉策略提供指导。结果表明,晴天树干液流较阴雨天启动时间早、峰值高、持续时间长、夜间波动大;土壤缺水条件下,树干液流启动时间晚、峰值低、持续时间短,夜间液流变化平缓且增高;树干液流与气象因子存在“时滞效应”,树干液流滞后于太阳辐射40min,而提前于气温、相对湿度、VPD（水汽压亏缺）60min;树干液流与VPD呈现“迟滞回环”关系,时滞错位后气象因子对树干液流均具有显著驱动作用,日间树干液流与气温相关性最大,驱动力较强,而夜间与VPD相关性最大,驱动力较强;经过时滞错位后树干液流与气象因子拟合效果优于时滞错位前。可见,环境因子对树干液流具有明显的驱动作用,树干液流可以较好地反映沙地土壤的水分情况和林木的水分消耗特征。 相似文献
2.
采用基于热扩散原理的树干茎流测量系统,于2008年8月监测了黄土高寒区青海云杉树干液流的动态变化,同时用自动气象站记录当地的太阳辐射、气温、空气相对湿度、风速等气象因子,探讨气象因子对树干液流的影响。结果表明:青海云杉树干液流日变化为多峰型,昼夜变化显著且夜间液流量小,晴天变化幅度大且相对稳定,阴雨天变化幅度小但波动剧烈;青海云杉树干液流主要集中在8:30~20:30,占全天液流总量的95%以上;茎流变化趋势与环境因子变化密切相关,相关性分析表明,影响茎流变化的主要环境因子依次为空气相对湿度、空气温度、太阳辐射和风速。 相似文献
3.
尾巨桉树干液流特性及其影响因子分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
应用热扩散式探针法于2010年7-8月对广东尾巨桉进行树干液流观测,并结合小型气象站采集的同步气象数据分析了环境因子与液流的关系.结果表明,尾巨桉液流的日变化有明显的昼夜节律,夜间有微弱的液流活动.树干南北两侧液流速率相关性显著(R2=0.994),数值上北侧高于南侧.尾巨桉液流的变化与光合有效辐射、空气相对湿度及风速3个环境因子的变化具显著相关关系,按相关程度排序为:光合有效辐射＞空气相对湿度＞风速.夜间液流与环境因子相关性不显著,主要用于植物补水. 相似文献
4.
大兴安岭南段白桦树干液流对土壤水分的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《水土保持研究》2020,(4)
为了阐明不同径级白桦(Betula platyphylla)树干液流变化对不同土壤水分条件的响应差异,以期为揭示白桦树种对土壤水分的利用策略以及该地区生态恢复过程中水分循环机制研究提供参考。在2017年5月初—9月末,运用Granier热扩散边材树干液流探针(TDP)对白桦进行树干液流观测,并同步监测太阳辐射、空气温度、空气相对湿度、降雨量等气象因子及土壤水分动态,分析大兴安岭南段白桦树干液流特征对气象因子及土壤水分动态的响应。结果表明:非阴雨天气下液流密度日变化在土壤含水量相对充足和相对亏缺时表现为昼高夜低,与太阳辐射、空气水汽压亏缺变化较为一致。同一土壤含水量条件下两个径级液流密度差异显著,表现为大径级高于小径级;同一径级下表现为土壤含水量相对充足大于相对亏缺时。在不同土壤含水量时期采用饱和指数曲线分别对液流密度与太阳辐射和空气水汽压亏缺进行拟合,拟合效果可以较好地反映出液流密度对气象因子的响应规律。不同土壤含水量下白桦气孔蒸腾作用对土壤含水量变化具有较高的敏感性。 相似文献
5.
冀北山地油松树干液流特征及其对环境因子的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
依据组织热平衡原理,运用热扩散探针法,于2015年3月1日—2016年3月1日对冀北山地小五台山自然保护区油松的树干液流速率进行连续监测,并同步观测气温、相对湿度、净辐射、总辐射、风速等环境因子的变化,研究油松树干液流对环境因子的响应。结果表明:(1)小五台地区,油松树干液流启动于4月下旬,结束于10月下旬,前后历时184d。晴天条件下,油松不同月份树干液流速率日变化均呈典型的单峰曲线。不同月份油松树干液流的启动、到达峰值、结束时间以及液流升降速率存在差异。(2)油松树干液流速率日均值变化,除4月和10月较低外,其余各月都达到0.02kg/(h·cm)以上,尤以5月和8月最高,分别达到0.028,0.027kg/(h·cm)。各月峰值变化与日均值变化基本一致。(3)油松树干液流速率与空气温度、净辐射、总辐射、水汽压亏缺、风速呈极显著正相关,与空气湿度呈极显著负相关。各环境因子对油松树干液流速率影响大小顺序为空气温度净辐射总辐射空气湿度风速。(4)油松整个生长季单株总耗水量为(2679.58±579.83)kg,以5月、8月耗水量最大,分别为(585.14±110.92)kg和(510.08±87.96)kg。 相似文献
6.
采用热扩散技术,对沙地杨树人工林107欧美杨树干液流密度动态特征进行研究,并对其周围环境因子中光合有效辐射、空气温度、空气相对湿度、风速、土壤温度和土壤含水量进行同步观测。结果表明:杨树树干南北方位测得的液流密度具有显著差异,并且具有显著相关关系;不同生长时期杨树液流速率差异显著,5—8月逐渐升高;不同个体间液流速率差异显著,冠幅是影响个体间差异的主要形态特征;杨树树干液流每天达到的峰值与光合有效辐射和水蒸气压亏缺达到的峰值存在一定的时滞,二者与液流的时滞分别提早30～60min和落后120～150min。5—7月影响树干液流密度日变化的主导因子是光合有效辐射,8月则是由光合有效辐射和水蒸气压亏缺共同决定。 相似文献
7.
利用TDP茎流计研究沙地樟子松的树干液流 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
用TDP茎流计连续测定了沙地樟子松南北两方向的树干液流,并用传感器同步记录环境因子变化,探讨环境因子对树干液流的影响。沙地樟子松树干液流日变化呈双峰有规律变化,南面树干液流速度和变化幅度大于北面树干液流速度和变化幅度;树干液流启动比环境因子晚1小时左右,然后迅速上升,在9:30达到第一个峰值,在17:20左右迅速下降,南面树干液流速度峰值出现在9:30左右,北面峰值出现在13:20左右;通过相关系数分析,树干液流与空气温度、空气相对湿度、太阳辐射和土壤水分相关明显,南北两方向的树干液流受环境因子的影响程度不一样,在南面,太阳辐射>空气温度>空气湿度,而在北面空气温度>太阳辐射>空气湿度;日树干液流量集中在9:30到17:20,占全天树干液流量的70%多,北面树干液流量是南面树干液流量的0.5~0.6。 相似文献
8.
为了系统研究太阳辐射与边材液流时间进程间的关系,利用热扩散式边材液流测定系统和自动气象站对京西山区油松边材液流速率和太阳辐射强度进行一年的同步监测。结果表明,晴天条件下,不同季节太阳辐射和油松边材液流时间特征的变化呈现很大差异:液流的启动时间、停止时间以及液流高峰出现时间,一般滞后于太阳辐射03 h,春季滞后的时间相对更长,多在3.5h以上;液流持续时间在不同季节差异明显,没有表现出良好的规律性。夏季太阳辐射和油松树干液流的上升持续时间、上升速率、到达峰值时刻和下降持续时间等时间进程特征量之间表现出较好的定量相关性,而春秋季只有极个别特征量表现为相关性显著。液流速率的季节模型说明,利用太阳辐射强度模拟油松的季节耗水模型（尤其是秋季）更具实用性,但还有待于优化。 相似文献
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10.
亚热带红壤区湿地松边材液流的尺度扩展及其对环境因子的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用TDP液流计对湿地松树干液流密度进行长期连续测定，并用传感器同步记录环境因子的变化。湿地松边材面积与胸径之间的关系可以用二次函数很好地拟合。对湿地松生长旺季、非生长旺季以及全年液流观测结果与边材面积进行回归分析，日累计液流量与边材面积间均呈极显著的线性相关关系，所有方程的相关系数都在0．95以上。单位边材面积日累计液流量与冠层温度、冠层相对湿度、光合有效辐射均呈极显著的线性相关。建立了单位边材面积日累计液流量与冠层温度、冠层相对湿度、光合有效辐射的多元线性回归方程，各变量相关程度大小顺序为光合有效辐射〉冠层相对湿度〉冠层温度。 相似文献
11.
M. Kaplan 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):237-244
Copper (Cu)‐containing fertilizers, fungicides, and bactericides has been used extensively in the greenhouses in the Antalya province in recent decades with the use of such materials tending to increase year by year. The level of DTPA‐extractable Cu was determined in 210 soils (0–20 and 20–40 cm depth) and 105 leaf samples obtained from 105 tomato greenhouses. The DTPA‐extractable Cu contents of the soils taken from the 0–20 depth ranged between 0.76 and 88.03 mg kg‐1 (mean 7.79 mg kg‐1). The percentage of soils containing DTPA‐extractable Cu greater than the critical toxicity level (20 mg kg‐1) was 8.1. The Cu content of tomato leaf samples ranged between 2.4 and 1,490 mg kg‐1 (mean 166.5 mg kg‐1). The Cu concentration in leaf samples was very high due to the intensive use of foliar applied Cu‐containing chemicals. As a consequence, 24.8% of the leaf tomato samples analyzed contained over 200 mg Cu kg‐1, the maximum accepted tolerance level. Therefore, it may be necessary to reduce the use of Cu‐containing pesticides and fertilizers, or at least reduce the amount of Cu‐containing fertilizers being used in those greenhouses where Cu‐containing pesticides have been or are being used. 相似文献
12.
Leila Shekari Maryam Mozafariyan Mirza Hasanuzzaman Farshad Sadeghi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(6):761-772
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans but is not considered as essential for plants. However, its beneficial role in improving plant growth and stress tolerances is well established. In order to study the role of Se in cadmium (Cd) toxicity in pepper (Capsicum frutescens cv. Suryankhi Cluster), this experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions. Treatments comprised Cd [0, 0.25, and 0.5 mM cadmium chloride (CdCl2)] and Se [0, 3, and 7 µM sodium selenite (Na2SeO3)] with three replications. The result showed that Cd decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, whereas Se supplementation diminished Cd toxicity on photosynthetic pigment. Selenium at 7 µM significantly increased the leaf area in the plants grown at 0.25 mM Cd. The application of Se at 3 µM with 0.25 mM Cd and Se at 3 µM and Se at 7 µM with 0.5 mM Cd increased the activity of catalase (CAT). Selenium at 7 µM decreased the proline content of pepper leaves exposed to Cd at 0.5 mM (30%). Selenium significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity of leaves, which was diminished by Cd toxicity. In general, Se has a beneficial effect on plant growth and is an antioxidant enzyme of pepper cv. Suryankhi Cluster under Cd stress and non-stress conditions. 相似文献
13.
红壤区不同肥力水稻土根际硝化作用特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过根际培养箱(三室)——速冻切片技术研究了红壤地区高、低两种肥力下水稻苗期根表、根际和土体土壤矿质态氮含量和硝化强度,以及水稻生长、氮素积累的差异。结果表明,肥力水平对水稻根表和根际土壤铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量无显著影响,但高肥力显著提高土体土壤NH4+-N含量,以及根表、根际和土体土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)含量及硝化强度。两种肥力水稻土硝化强度最大值均出现在距根表2 mm处,分别为0.20和0.31μmol kg-1 h-1。土体土壤硝化强度随距根表距离增加而降低,低肥力土壤在距根表10～40mm处时硝化强度接近本底值,而高肥力土壤在距根表20～40 mm处时接近本底值。与不种水稻的CK相比,种植水稻显著提高根际土壤硝化强度。高肥力能显著改善水稻生长,增加植株氮素积累量,尤其显著促进根系生长及通气组织发育。由于红壤稻田肥力水平的差异造成水稻根际硝化强度以及水稻吸收NO3-的差异,导致高肥条件下水稻显示出更强的生长势和氮素吸收利用能力。因此,合理提高红壤稻田肥力水平对改善红壤区水稻根际土壤硝化作用及水稻氮素营养具有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
Sandro Froehner Karina Scurupa Machado Elisa Stefen Marcelo Nolasco 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,219(1-4):591-599
The presence of sexual hormones (female estrogens) was assessed in sediments of a mangrove located in the urban region of southern Brazil. The estrogens are involved in human sexual reproduction. They act as the chemical messengers, and they are classified as natural and synthetic. The estrogens inputs in the environment are from treated and untreated sewage. The presence of estrogens in sewage is excretion from the female due to natural production and use of contraceptives (synthetic estrogens). With the indiscriminate release of sewage into the environment, estrogens can be found in rivers, lakes, and even in oceans. In this work, the presence of estrone (E1), 17-??-estradiol (E2), and 17-??-ethynilestradiol (EE2) in eight sedimentary stations in Itacorubi mangrove located on Santa Catarina Island, south Brazil, was investigated. Historically, the Itacorubi mangrove has been impacted by anthropogenic activities because the mangrove is inserted in the urban area of the Florianopolis. The estrogen EE2, used as contraceptive, had the highest concentration in mangrove sediment, 129.75?±?3.89 ng/g. E2 was also found, with its concentration ranging from 0.90?±?0.03 to 39.77?±?1.19 ng/g. Following the mechanism, under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, E2 will first be oxidized to E1, which is further oxidized to unknown metabolites and finally to CO2 and water (mineralized). EE2 is oxidized to unknown metabolites and also finally mineralized. Theoretically, under anaerobic conditions, EE2 can be reduced to E1 even in environments such as mangrove which is essentially anaerobic. 相似文献
15.
自由基在鸡肾病发生中的作用研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
肾病即急性肾小管坏死.鸡肾病在养鸡生产中极为常见,尤其近年来,鸡肾病的发生日益增多,由于其发生机制不清楚,临床治疗鸡肾病的依据不足,致使治疗效果不佳,为此,提出本研究以探讨鸡肾病的发生机制,为本病防治提供理论依据. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15):1948-1959
Brazil is the largest producer of oranges (Citrus sinensis) in the world. The nutrient management of tree orchards is designed from experiments with a limited number of varieties. This knowledge is transferred to other varieties by diagnosing tissue nutrient composition and tree demand. Compositional data analysis has been first applied to tissue analysis of agricultural crops using centered log ratios with compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND-clr). The isometric log ratio (ilr) transformation is a new approach based on binary nutrient ratios and the principle of orthogonality (CND-ilr). We analyzed eleven nutrients: nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) in leaf tissue samples across 108 commercial plots (thirty-one grow Valencia, twenty-two Hamlim, twenty Pera, and thirty-five Natal). Nutrients were partitioned between macro- and micronutrients as well as anionic and cationic species. The effect size of varieties over Valencia was quantified by the mean and standard deviation of ilr values across ilr coordinates. Specific varietal nutrient profiles and ilr norms were defined. The nutrient profile of orange varieties could be classified into homogeneous groups to take advantage of fertilizer trials conducted on varieties of the same group. The Aitchison distance and a perturbation vector could be instrumental for diagnostic purposes and nutrient management. 相似文献
17.
Ohnishi H Iwanaga S Kawazoe K Ishizawa K Orino S Tomita S Tsuchiya K Kanematsu Y Harada N Mori K Tsuchihashi T Ishikawa Y Tamaki T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):10092-10098
This study investigated whether reducing agents such as quercetin and iron(II) facilitate formation of nitric oxide (NO) gas from orally ingested nitrite in an vivo study. When 3 mg/kg Na (15)NO2 was orally administered to rats with or without iron(II) or quercetin, Hb (15)NO, which is indicative of systemic (15)NO, was detected in the blood, with the maximum blood concentration of Hb (15)NO at 15 min after nitrite or nitrite plus quercetin treatment, whereas after administration of nitrite plus iron(II) or nitrite plus iron(II) and quercetin, the time was shortened to 10 min. Interestingly, iron(II), quercetin, or iron(II) plus quercetin did not affect the total amount of Hb (15)NO generated from orally administered Na (15)NO2. However, the systemic nitrite concentration was significantly decreased in the presence of iron(II) or iron(II) plus quercetin. These results may indicate that iron(II) is critical to the generation of NO gas from nitrite, whereas quercetin contributed little under the in vivo experimental conditions. 相似文献
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Role of aldehyde oxidase in the hepatic in vitro metabolism of 3-methylindole in pigs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The metabolism of 3-hydroxy-3-methylindolenine (HMI), a recently discovered metabolite of 3-methylindole (3MI, skatole) produced by porcine liver microsomes, was investigated in vitro using porcine liver cytosol. HMI was rapidly metabolized to a single product, 3-hydroxy-3-methyloxindole (HMOI), by porcine cytosol. By the use of the selective inhibitors menadione and quinacrine, it was shown that the enzyme responsible for the oxidation of HMI into HMOI was aldehyde oxidase (AO; aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.3.1). The activity of AO in the conversion of HMI to HMOI was measured in a population of pigs (n = 30) with a wide range of 3MI levels in back fat (0.07-0.30 mg/kg). AO activity was found to be negatively correlated (r = -0.70; P < 0.001) with the level of 3MI in fat. The results of the present study suggest that AO plays an important role in the metabolism of 3MI in the pig and that its catalytic activity is related to an adequate 3MI clearance. 相似文献
20.
响应面设计法在温室番茄栽培中的应用 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为优化温室番茄的栽培条件,试验研究了不同栽培密度、施氮量和施钾量对日光温室番茄产量的影响。通过中心复合试验设计,构建三因素（栽培密度,氮肥,钾肥）五水平的响应面设计方法并建立番茄产量与三因子的二次回归数学模型。结果表明:三因素对温室番茄产量均有显著的影响（p0.01）,影响的大小顺序为栽培密度施钾量施氮量;栽培密度与施氮量、施钾量之间存在显著的交互作用（p0.01）,施氮量与施钾量之间的相互作用对番茄产量影响不显著（p0.05）;多元二次回归分析结果显示,栽培密度、施氮量、施钾量与番茄产量之间的回归模型高度显著（p0.01）。统计分析确定温室番茄的最佳栽培条件为:栽培密度4.83万株/hm2,施氮量262 kg/hm2,施钾量513kg/hm2;在此条件下,温室番茄产量的预测值为119381kg/hm2,验证试验所得产量为121005kg/hm2。本研究为日光温室番茄高产、稳产和优质提供了理论依据。 相似文献