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1.
2种草本植物根系对崩岗洪积扇土壤抗剪强度的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨草本植物根系对崩岗洪积扇土壤抗剪强度的影响,以巨菌草(Pennisetum sp.)和宽叶雀稗(Paspalum wettsteinii)为研究对象,采用WinRHIZO根系分析系统对根系特征进行定量分析,并采用原位剪切试验测定崩岗洪积扇各土层的抗剪强度。结果表明:(1)根系能够改善土壤的结构及水分状况;(2)2种草本植物根系均主要分布在0—5cm土层,该层巨菌草根系各参数值是该草种根系均值的3.1~4.39倍,宽叶雀稗的则为2.23~2.57倍,随着土层深度的增加,巨菌草根系参数呈对数函数减小,而宽叶雀稗呈线性减小;(3)土壤抗剪强度均值大小表现为巨菌草宽叶雀稗裸地,其大小依次为21.04,16.43,9.89kPa;在0—20cm土层,2草种抗剪强度均显著大于裸地;(4)土壤抗剪强度与生物量密度、根表面积密度和分叉数密度极显著正相关,与根长密度显著正相关;巨菌草根系的生物量密度是表征土壤抗剪强度的最主要因子,而宽叶雀稗的则为根长密度。2种草本植物根系均能提高崩岗洪积扇土壤的抗剪强度,而巨菌草的效果优于宽叶雀稗。 相似文献
2.
通过静水崩解试验及对土壤各抗蚀性指标的探索研究,分析了三峡库区黄棕壤在多花木蓝和狗牙根不同种植模式下的抗蚀性。结果表明:(1)静水崩解过程中,土壤崩解速率表现为空白地多花木蓝狗牙根混播;较空白地土壤,有根试样土壤其崩解速率有很大的减缓,其中混播效果最好,且根系各密度指标与抗蚀性增强值均表现为显著线性相关。(2)与空白地相比,不同种植模式下,土壤水稳性团聚体含量、平均重量直径、有机质含量、团聚状况、团聚度、土壤黏粒含量均有明显的提高,而结构破坏率、分散率则明显下降。(3)通过主成分分析表明:以0.25mm湿筛团聚体含量、结构破坏率、团聚状况、分散率、有机质为指标能较好地衡量黄棕壤在植被恢复下土壤抗蚀性能。 相似文献
3.
[目的]探讨三峡库区消落带常见的物种狗牙根对库区消落带固土护坡的作用机理。[方法]结合野外调查和室内试验研究,对狗牙根群落根土复合体的结构、根土复合体抗冲刷与抗侵蚀性能及其空间变化进行研究。[结果]狗牙根根系对土壤抗冲性和抗蚀性都有显著的增强效应。随着狗牙根根系生物量的增加,土壤抗冲性和抗蚀性能力也随之增强,且根系生物量与土壤抗冲性和抗蚀性有线性相关性;土壤的抗冲刷与抗侵蚀能力还受消落带海拔梯度的影响,随着海拔梯度的上升,土壤的抗冲刷与抗侵蚀能力逐渐增强,在175m高度达到最大。[结论]由于高度升高,被淹的时间缩短,狗牙根在高海拔地区的生长状况好于低海拔地区。 相似文献
4.
三种护坡植物根-土复合体抗剪强度比较 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
以紫穗槐、胡枝子及狗牙根根系及其与土壤构成的根-土复合体为研究对象,通过对根-土复合体的室内直剪试验,比较分析了不同物种根系和不同含根量对根-土复合体的抗剪强度的影响。结果表明,根系的存在提高了土体的抗剪强度,根-土复合体的抗剪强度随着含根量的增加而增大,但当含根量达到一定值时根-土复合体的强度增加并不明显,即存在最佳含根量范围;与无根扰动土相比,根-土复合体内摩擦角无显著变化,但显著提高了黏聚力,其中紫穗槐、胡枝子、狗牙根黏聚力平均增幅分别为47.5%,39.2%和38.9%;紫穗槐、胡枝子和狗牙根根-土复合体对土壤的抗剪强度影响不同。在水土流失区种植乔灌木物种能有效增加坡体稳定性,降低土壤侵蚀。 相似文献
5.
三峡库区5种耐水淹植物根系增强土壤抗侵蚀效能研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
考察了三峡库区嘉陵江岸5种耐水淹植物的根系在土壤表层(0-30 cm)的分布特征,从抗冲性和抗蚀性两个方面明确了它们对土壤抗侵蚀的增强效能,并对其根长密度(RLD,root length density)进行了分析。研究发现:(1)狗牙根、空心莲子草、牛鞭草和野古草的根系生物量主要分布在土壤上表层(0-10 cm),荻根系生物量在土壤表层分布比较均匀;(2)狗牙根、牛鞭草和野古草的RLD及D(直径)≤1 mm RLD在土壤上表层分布较多,荻和空心莲子草的RLD及D≤1 mm RLD在上、中表层(10-20 cm)之间无显著差异;(3)5种耐水淹植物的根系对土壤抗冲性和抗蚀性都有显著的增强效应;(4)土壤抗冲性增强值,抗蚀性增强系数与5种耐水淹植物的RLD及D≤1 mm RLD关系密切,符合线性回归。结果表明,5种耐水淹植物均能在三峡库区消落区植被构建中发挥较强的抗侵蚀效应,其中荻的增强效应最明显;RLD,特别是D≤1 mm RLD能很好地表征植物根系对土壤抗侵蚀能力的增强效能。 相似文献
6.
为了揭示东北黑土区季节性冻融循环作用和土壤性质对土壤可蚀性的影响,采集黑龙江省宾县典型薄层黑土区(BX)和克山县典型厚层黑土区(KS)0—20cm的耕层土壤,通过室内冻融循环模拟和土壤直剪试验,分析了冻融作用和土壤性质对土壤抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:(1)经历1次冻融作用后BX和KS 2种供试土壤抗剪强度分别减小3.9%和9.2%,二者黏聚力分别减小15.2%和29.4%,内摩擦角分别减小1.4%和3.6%。经历7次冻融作用后,BX和KS2种供试土壤抗剪强度分别减小9.1%和15.1%,土壤黏聚力分别减小40.7%和74.5%,土壤容重分别减小6.7%和9.2%。受土壤有机质、水稳性团聚体、黏粒含量等的影响,KS土壤抗剪强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角和土壤容重的减小幅度皆大于BX供试土壤。(2)2种供试土壤抗剪强度皆随冻融循环次数的增加呈先逐渐减小后趋于稳定的变化趋势;第1次冻融循环对土壤抗剪强度破坏最大,经历1次冻融循环后2种土壤抗剪强度和黏聚力的减小量分别占7次冻融循环土壤抗剪强度和黏聚力总减小量的43.4%和61.0%,37.3%和39.4%。(3)土壤抗剪强度与土壤容重和团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)呈极显著的正相关,而与冻融循环次数呈极显著的负相关。 相似文献
7.
两种果草模式根系提高土壤抗蚀性的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以研究植物根系密度、根量及根层土壤剖面特征为基础,以退耕自然生草地和农耕地(横坡玉米 红薯)为对照,对两种果草模式根系提高土壤抗蚀性进行了定量研究。结果表明:土壤的抗蚀性与土体中根系含量密切相关,两种果草模式的根系总长度、根系表面积和根系总生物量都要明显高于自然生草地,而且这些根系指标与土壤抗蚀性呈正相关变化,这与水稳性团聚体和有机质含量与土壤抗蚀性呈正相关变化的趋势一致;果草模式土壤抗分散的能力得到了相当程度的改善,颗粒间团聚程度有了明显提高,土壤团粒结构得到了一定程度的改良;在南沱镇紫色土坡地发展的果草示范模式,其根系明显地提高了土壤的抗蚀性,可以在三峡库区范围内推广。 相似文献
8.
集中水流内红壤分离速率与团聚体特征及抗剪强度定量关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为明确红壤结构特征与抗剪强度对坡面土壤分离能力的影响,选取8种典型红壤为研究对象,通过团聚体稳定性分析,饱和抗剪强度测定,和室内模拟冲刷试验,就各参数间定量关系进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明:团聚体稳定性特征参数As集合了红壤团聚体破碎的主要机制,与不同水流剪切力中红壤分离速率有较好的相关性;红壤饱和抗剪强度(σs)与集中水流内临界水流剪切力(τc)呈较好的线性关系。基于WEPP细沟侵蚀模型,将团聚体稳定性特征参数As代替可蚀性因子Kc,饱和抗剪强度(σs)代替临界水流剪切力(τc),得出新的预测方程。结果显示预测方程能准确的预测坡面集中水流内红壤分离速率(R2=0.887 1)。该结果为深入研究红壤侵蚀机理提供了新思路,对完善侵蚀物理过程模型具有重要的意义。 相似文献
9.
三峡库区几种耐水淹植物根系特征与土壤抗水蚀增强效应 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
为明确用于三峡库区消落区植被构建的岸生植物物种根系特征与土壤抗水蚀之间的关系,对狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon(L)Pers.)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart)Griseb)、荻(Triarrhena saccharifloraNakai)、牛鞭草(Hemarthria compressa(L.f.)R.Br.)、香附子(Cyperus rotundusL.)、野古草(Arundinella anomala Steud.)等6种耐水淹植物根系进行了研究。利用根钻(Eijkelkamp agrisearch equipmentmodel 15.01)在野外直接取样的方法,获取了含有目标物种根系的土柱试验样品,采用改进的抗崩解装置测量土壤的水蚀速率,计算了这6种植物根系对土壤的抗水蚀增强系数,并使用根系分析系统(WinRHIZO Pro.2004c)对根系特征进行了分析。研究发现,空心莲子草、荻、香附子和狗牙根的根冠比均值较大,野古草、荻具有较大的根长密度和根表面积密度;含有根系的土壤水蚀速率显著低于对照,空心莲子草、荻、野古草的土壤抗水蚀增强系数显著高于其他3个物种;根长密度、根表面积密度均与土壤抗水蚀增强系数之间呈极显著的线性关系;根系径级中D≤2 mm的根系与土壤抗水蚀关系最为密切,土壤抗水蚀增强系数与D≤2 mm根系的根长密度和根表积密度均呈显著的线性关系,相关系数随着径级的增加而减小。结果表明,6物种均能显著增强土壤的抗水蚀能力,空心莲子草、荻、野古草的增强作用最为明显;根长密度、根表面积密度能很好地表征土壤的抗水蚀能力,尤其是D≤2 mm或D≤0.5 mm根系的根长密度和根表积密度,可以作为表征土壤抗水蚀能力的最重要参数。 相似文献
10.
G111公路讷嫩段9种护坡灌木根系增强土壤抗蚀性比较 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
国道G111讷嫩段是较严重的风沙区,选取9种东北常见绿化灌木,对其根系土壤抗蚀性进行研究。首先以全根挖掘法考察其根系形态分布特征,以静水崩解法确定不同灌木根系土粒抗蚀指数大小变化,最后用主成分分析法对衡量土壤抗蚀性的25项指标进行分析。结果表明:9种灌木土壤抗蚀性的增强效应不同,但都随着土层深度增加,抗蚀指数呈下降趋势,并且9种灌木土壤抗蚀指数(S)都随浸水时间(t)呈三次函数曲线变化(R2≥0.82)。微团聚体、有机质、速效钾、>5 mm和0.5~2 mm土壤大团聚体及<1mm根系生物量、根系长度,在植物对土壤抗蚀性增强效应中起主要作用,它们的公因子方差都超过了0.90。9种灌木根系对土壤抗蚀性增强效应依次为:紫丁香>树锦鸡儿>爬地柏>红瑞木>东北连翘>辽东水蜡>紫穗槐>毛樱桃>红王子锦带,建议对前5种灌木进行推广应用。 相似文献
11.
W R Dantzer J Hopper K Mullin S Hendrich P A Murphy 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(10):4291-4296
14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form. 相似文献
12.
Identification of oxidation products of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin with H(2)O(2) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Zhu N Huang TC Yu Y LaVoie EJ Yang CS Ho CT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(4):979-981
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are two important antioxidants in tea. They also display some antitumor activities, and these activities are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study are isolated and identified two novel reaction products of EGCG and one product of EGC when they were reacted separately with H(2)O(2). These products are formed by the oxidation and decarboxylation of the A ring in the catechin molecule. This study provides unequivocal proof that the A ring of EGCG and EGC may also be an antioxidant site. This study also indicates an additional reaction pathway for the oxidation chemistry of tea catechins. 相似文献
13.
Kochansky J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(7):2826-2828
Two deuterated insecticides were prepared for use as internal standards for gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses. Diethyl chlorothiophosphate-d(10) was prepared by reaction of ethanol-d(6) with P(2)S(5) to give labeled diethyldithiophosphoric acid, followed by chlorination. Treatment of the acid chloride with 3-chloro-4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin and potassium carbonate in acetone at reflux gave labeled coumaphos. An analogous reaction with 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin gave labeled potasan, and the technique should be usable for synthesis of labeled forms of other dialkyl thiophosphate insecticides. 相似文献
14.
Roy A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(12):5209-5210
Terpinolene oxide, a monoterpene belonging to the p-menthane group, is easily derived from naturally abundant (R)-limonene. It was isomerized with montmorillonite clay catalyst to karahanaenone (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1-one) by ring enlargement. The enantiomers of the corresponding alcohol, karahanaenol (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1- ol), known for their individual organoleptic properties, were resolved through Pseudomonas cepacia lipase mediated enantiospecific alcoholysis of its acetate derivative. 相似文献
15.
Christian B. Sekomo Diederik P. L. Rousseau Piet N. L. Lens 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(2):533-547
Volcanic rock is a potential adsorbent for metallic ions from wastewater. This study determined the capacity of Gisenyi volcanic
rock found in Northern Rwanda to adsorb Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn using laboratory scale batch experiments under a variety of experimental
conditions (initial metal concentration varied from 1 to 50 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 4 g/L, solid/liquid ratio of 1:250, contact
time 120 h, particle size 250–900 μm). The adsorbent had a surface area of 3 m2/g. The adsorption process was optimal at near-neutral pH 6. The maximal adsorption capacity was 6.23, 10.87, 9.52 and 4.46 mg/g
for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, respectively. The adsorption process proceeded via a fast initial metal uptake during the first 6 h,
followed by slow uptake and equilibrium after 24 h. Data fitted well the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium experiments
showed that the adsorbent has a high affinity for Cu and Pb followed by Cd and Zn. Furthermore, the rock is a stable sorbent
that can be reused in multiple sorption–desorption–regeneration cycles. Therefore, the Gisenyi volcanic rock was found to
be a promising adsorbent for heavy metal removal from industrial wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. 相似文献
16.
S. R. Verma J. P. S. Arora J. S. Shankar R. Chand 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,36(3-4):247-257
The effect of protein oxovanadium(V) ion concentration and pH on the ratio of diffusion current (id/id0) was studied in vanadium(V) ovalbumin-S and denatured ovalbumin systems. In both the cases marked decrease in diffusion current was observed at the respective pH values, indicating that binding takes place with cationic groups of the proteins. The binding sites (n) were found to be pH dependent. The uniformity of logK and ΔG 0 value at all pH values indicated the involvement of same sites in interaction. Furthermore, the linear scatchard plots in both the systems supported the involvement of single class of independent sites in oxovanadium(V) anion interaction. The difference in binding sites (n) has been attributed to the folded structure of ovalbumin-S while unfolded one of denatured ovalbumin. 相似文献
17.
18.
Fajardo V González I López-Calleja I Martín I Hernández PE García T Martín R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(4):1144-1150
PCR-RFLP analysis has been applied to the identification of meats from red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), cattle (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries), and goat (Capra hircus). PCR amplification was carried out using a set of primers flanking a conserved region of approximately 712 base pairs from the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Restriction site analysis based on sequence data from this DNA fragment permitted the selection of MseI, MboII, BslI, and ApoI endonucleases for species identification. The restriction profiles obtained when amplicons were digested with the chosen enzymes allowed the unequivocal identification of all domestic and game meat species analyzed in the present work. 相似文献
19.
The relationship between the organic nitrogen status of Egyptian broomrape and one of its hosts, carrot, was studied by comparing amino acid profiles of leaf and root tissues of nonparasitized and broomrape-parasitized carrot plants and by analyzing amino acid profiles of broomrape at different growth stages. Total N concentrations, expressed as a percentage of the dry weight of the tissues, were similar in leaves of nonparasitized and parasitized carrot plants but were lower in parasitized roots than in nonparasitized roots. In both dry and germinated broomrape seeds, N concentrations were lower than or similar to those in broomrape tubercles, shoots, or callus. Individual amino acid concentrations in hydrolysates of leaves of parasitized carrot plants tended to be similar to or greater than those in hydrolysates of nonparasitized carrot plants. Roots of parasitized plants tended to have similar or lower amino acid concentrations than roots of nonparasitized plants. Dry and germinated broomrape seeds had similar amino acid profiles, but individual amino acid concentrations were lower than in the other broomrape tissues examined. The broomrape shoot tended to have lower amino acid concentrations than the tubercle and callus. Free amino acid profiles of leaves and roots of parasitized plants paralleled those of nonparasitized plants, respectively. Individual free amino acids tended to occur at similar or lower levels in dry and germinated broomrape seeds than in the tubercle, shoot, or callus. Free amino acid composition of the broomrape tubercle was similar to that of the parasitized root. Arginine and alanine concentrations in broomrape callus were dramatically higher than those of other amino acids in this or other tissues investigated. These results indicate that changes in the composition of both free and bound amino acids in carrot are associated with broomrape parasitism. 相似文献
20.
镉胁迫对不同小麦品种幼苗生长以及Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)吸收和积累的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以洛旱6号、豫麦25、豫麦18、豫农949、新麦21及许农5号为试验材料,通过营养液培养法,研究了镉胁迫对其幼苗生物量积累以及Cd2+、Zn2+与Mn2+吸收的影响。结果表明,与正常生长小麦相比,低Cd2+(≤30μmol/L)浓度下,除许农5号地上部生物量有所下降外,其余品种的地上部和地下部生物量均呈上升趋势。中、高Cd2+(≥60μmol/L)浓度下,所有品种的生物量呈下降趋势,所有小麦品种体内Cd2+的含量均随着Cd2+处理浓度的增加而不断增加,而且,根系内Cd2+的含量均明显高于地上部。随着Cd2+处理浓度的增加,所有小麦品种地上部Zn2+的含量均不断增加,地下部Zn2+含量的变化品种间存在差异。地上、地下部Mn2+的含量则随处理浓度增加而不断降低。 相似文献