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枯草芽孢杆菌B02产生拮抗物质培养基及发酵条件优化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用单因素和均匀试验设计,通过摇瓶培养对枯草芽孢杆菌B02产生抑菌活性物质的发酵培养基和培养条件进行优化。结果表明,最适接种体培养时间为24h;优化后的培养基配方为（g/L）：糊精15.5g、牛肉膏20g、胰蛋白胨4g、NaCl 11.5g、KNO311.5g、MnSO45g;适宜培养条件为：温度30℃,初始pH值范围为7-8,接种量5%,摇瓶装液量50ml/500ml,转速200r/min,最佳培养时间72h。 相似文献
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本研究以枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）DZ1作为研究试材,通过单因子试验及正交试验,确定其适宜的摇瓶培养基及发酵条件。结果表明,培养时间、培养基及培养条件对Bacillus subtilis DZ1的活菌数影响差异显著。DZ1的最佳种龄为12h,最佳碳源和氮源分别是可溶性淀粉和酵母膏。影响枯草芽孢杆菌DZ1活菌数的主要因素为酵母膏,其次为可溶性淀粉,K2HP04和MgSO4-7H2O影响较小。DZ1的最优培养基组合为可溶性淀粉l％,酵母膏1％,K2HPO40．15％,MgS04-7H200．02％,CaCl20．01％,在此条件下,其活菌数可达44．1×10。CFU／mL。单因子试验结果表明,DZl的适宜摇瓶培养条件分别为培养基温度34℃,初始pH值7．0,摇床转速180r／min和接种量7％。 相似文献
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大丽轮枝菌拮抗细菌枯草芽孢杆菌12-34菌株发酵产抗菌蛋白的条件优化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用单因素试验及正交试验结合的方法,优化大丽轮枝菌拮抗细菌枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）12-34菌株产抗菌蛋白的发酵条件。通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定了B. subtilis 12-34菌株产抗菌蛋白的适宜碳源、氮源和无机离子,优化了培养基的组成;并对B. subtilis 12-34菌株产抗菌蛋白的发酵时间、装瓶量、接种量、培养基初始pH、摇床转速和发酵温度进行了优化。结果显示,B. subtilis 12-34菌株产抗菌蛋白的最佳培养基组成为玉米粉5%,牛肉浸膏3%,CaCl 2 0.10%,KCl 0.05%;B. subtilis 12-34菌株产抗菌蛋白的最佳发酵条件为培养基初始pH9.0,种子液按10%接种量接种至50 mL/250 mL三角瓶中,200 r/min,37 ℃培养48 h。优化后表征抑菌蛋白产量的抑菌圈直径增大了115.5%。 相似文献
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从黑龙江省漠河多年永冻土层采集的冻土样品中分离的拮抗菌解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MH71,对多种植物病原真菌和细菌具有较强的拮抗作用.本研究主要以无菌滤液对番茄灰霉病菌的抑菌活性为检测指标,采用单因素试验筛选菌株MH71的最佳产抗菌物质培养基及最佳碳源、氮源和无机盐,运用Minitab软件,通过Box-Benhnken试验及响应面分析相结合的方法对该菌株产抗菌物质的发酵培养基配方和摇瓶发酵条件进行了优化.结果表明,菌株MH71产抗菌物质最佳培养基组成为玉米粉36.6 g/L、牛肉膏3.2 g/L、NaC1 1.33 g/L、葡萄糖14 g/L、蛋白胨7 g/L、MgSO4 0.4 g/L、K2HPO4 0.8 g/L、GaGO3 8 g/L.最适发酵条件为培养温度30℃、摇床转速200 r/min、发酵起始pH 7.0、接种量3％、装液量100 mL/500 mL、发酵时间为72 h.在最佳培养基和培养条件下,菌株MH71的活菌数达到了2.1×109 CFU/mL,芽孢数为1.2×109 CFU/mL,同时对番茄灰霉病菌的抑菌能力较优化前提高了37.4％. 相似文献
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致病杆菌D43菌株产素培养基及发酵条件 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对致病杆菌产生抗生素的发酵培养基和发酵条件进行了研究，同时对该菌代谢过程pH值、还原糖、总糖、氨基氮与抗生素产量的关系进行了分析。通过筛选，确定了对该菌产素有利的碳源、氮源和无机盐。用正交试验初步确定了该菌产素的最佳发酵培养基和条件为（g／L）：麦芽糖5g，牛肉胨10g，牛肉膏5g，CaCl25g，KNO30．2g。发酵培养基的起始pH值在6．0～8．0、种龄16h、摇瓶装量25—150ml／500ml的条件下，培养72h可获得较高的抗生素产量。产素量与菌代谢过程中pH、还原糖、总糖和氨基氨的变化有一定关系。通过培养基和培养条件的研究使该菌的产抗生素能力提高了46．67％。 相似文献
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为明确菌株的进化关系及发酵条件,本试验对一株来自泽兰实蝇幼虫消化道的ZLSY5菌株进行了鉴定,优化了基础发酵培养基和发酵条件。用形态学及建立系统进化树的方法鉴定了菌株;用分光光度法测定菌液在600 nm处的OD值, 根据OD值的大小判断发酵条件的优劣;用圆叶片法测定了优化前后菌株对紫茎泽兰叶片的侵害作用的比较。结果表明,菌株ZLSY5为特基拉芽胞杆菌Bacillus tequilensis 10 b;分别在不同培养基上接种培养72 h后,以牛肉膏酵母葡萄糖培养基中细菌量最多,细菌生长速度最快;在5种不同碳源中,麦芽糖最利于菌株ZLSY5生长;在6种不同氮源中,酵母膏效果最好,其次为蛋白胨。最适发酵条件为温度28 ℃,pH 6,接菌量2.0 %,装液量40 mL/250 mL,转速240 r/min,发酵时间36 h,光照20 h/d。菌株ZLSY5最适培养基：蛋白胨10 g/L,酵母膏5 g/L,麦芽糖10 g/L,蒸馏水1 L。优化后培养基对叶片的影响较小,因此优化后所培养的菌株ZLSY5对紫茎泽兰叶片的侵害作用更好,原浓度时侵害指数接近90%。 相似文献
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为探讨暗黑链霉菌Streptomyces atratus PY-1液体摇瓶发酵条件,提高其活性次级代谢产物的产量,以菌体生物量和发酵液抑制葡萄霜霉病菌Plasmopara viticola活性为指标,采用单因子试验和正交试验对菌株PY-1的最适发酵培养基成分及发酵条件进行优化。结果表明,菌株PY-1最适发酵培养基为玉米粉50 g/L、葡萄糖5 g/L、蛋白胨5 g/L、氯化铵5 g/L、氯化钠 0.5 g/L;最佳发酵培养条件为培养温度28 ℃、培养时间5 d、初始pH 7.0、250 mL三角瓶装液量90 mL、接种量体积分数5%、摇床转速180 r/min。在最佳发酵培养基和培养条件下,菌株PY-1发酵液抑菌率达到99.26%,抑菌能力提高8.35%。 相似文献
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吡咯伯克霍尔德氏菌JK-SH007的发酵条件及其对杨树溃疡病的防治效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文研究了拮抗细菌吡咯伯克霍尔德氏菌Burkholderia pyrrocinia菌株JK-SH007产抗菌物质的最佳发酵条件及其对杨树溃疡病的野外防治效果。结果表明,牛肉膏、蛋白胨是发酵培养基中最佳营养物质,有利于菌株JK-SH007抗菌物质的产生;培养基初始pH、培养时间、温度、培养体积、不同牛肉膏、蛋白胨组合等对菌株生长及其抗菌物质的产生有明显的影响,初始pH7、牛肉膏2g、蛋白胨20g、以1/2装液量装液、30℃振荡培养36h可获得较高产量的胞外分泌型抗菌物质;菌株JK-SH007的发酵液对杨树溃疡病的野外防效可达40.54%。 相似文献
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Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
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Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
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Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
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Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
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《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
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The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
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Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
18.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
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Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
20.
W. Gams Willeke Van Laar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(2):39-45
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen. 相似文献