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1.
黄斑星天牛磷化氢熏蒸技术初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在 4 4～ 2 1 1℃系列温度条件下 ,磷化氢熏蒸黄斑星天牛 (Anoplophoranobilis)的毒力试验和室内验证试验结果表明 :4 4℃和 1 0 0℃的熏蒸时间为 5天 ,推算出死亡机率值 9要求的CT值分别为 6 2 9 81和 31 2 2 0mg·h/l,验证试验不能完全杀死黄斑星天牛或芳香木蠹蛾东方亚种 (Cossuscossusorientalis)和杨干透翅蛾 (Spheciasiningensis)幼虫 ;1 5 5℃和2 1 1℃的熏蒸时间为 4天 ,预计CT值分别为 :1 1 2 83和 36 59mg·h/l,室内验证实验证明 ,投药剂量为 2 2 6mg/l,熏蒸 4天能够全部杀灭杨树携带的黄斑星天牛幼虫和蛹 ,以及芳香木蠹蛾东方亚种和杨干透翅蛾幼虫。 相似文献
2.
黄斑星天牛溴甲烷检疫熏蒸技术研究 总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2
对杨树木质包装溴甲烷熏蒸试验结果进行机率值法分析，推算出溴甲烷在4.4℃、10.0℃、15.5℃和21.1℃温度条件下达到黄斑星天牛（Anoplophora nobilis）幼虫死亡机率值9要求的CT值分别为：1133.78、938.21、642.39和349.87g.h/m^3；根据毒力试验结果进行的室内验证试验证明：在上述4个温度条件下，只要熏蒸中CT值达到了毒力测定的要求，就能够完全杀灭杨树携带的光肩星天牛（A.glabripennis）和黄斑星天牛幼虫、蛹，以及芳香木蠹蛾东方亚种（Cossus cossus orientalis）和杨干透翅蛾（Sphecia siningensis）幼虫。在此基础上，提出了木质包装溴甲烷检疫熏蒸处理的技术指标。 相似文献
3.
黄斑星天牛热空气处理技术研究初报 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过热空气、木材和锯末等 3种不同传热介质对黄斑星天牛 (Anoplophoranobilis)幼虫在不同温度条件下的热处理试验发现 ,热空气温度为 55℃ ,相对湿度为 30 %左右 ,经过80min即可全部杀死天牛幼虫 ;木材作为传热介质 ,在 55℃情况下经过 35min可完全杀死天牛幼虫 ;锯末作为传热介质 ,55℃ 2 5min、6 0℃ 2 5min、6 5℃ 1 0min和 70℃ 5min均可以杀死天牛幼虫 ;自然感染黄斑星天牛、芳香木蠹蛾东方亚种和杨干透翅蛾 ,规格为 1 0cm× 1 0cm× 32cm的木段 ,当加热使中心温度达到 55℃后 ,幼虫和蛹全部死亡。 相似文献
4.
木质包装集装箱溴甲烷检疫熏蒸技术研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
对集装箱装运的出口货物木质包装进行了溴甲烷熏蒸试验 ,结果说明 ,当环境温度为 2～ 1 6℃时 ,采用溴甲烷投药剂量 80 g/m3 ,熏蒸 2 4h能够全部杀死黄斑星天牛幼虫 ,其CT值为 1 1 2 5 8～ 3345 3g h/m3 ;环境温度为 5～ 2 0℃时 ,采用 6 4g/m3 投药剂量 ,同样熏蒸 2 4h ,CT值为 1 2 1 0 8～ 1 51 0 8g h/m3 ,黄斑星天牛幼虫同样全部死亡。溴甲烷汽化后直接从集装箱门上部投药能够使药剂分布均匀。熏蒸结束后通风散气 2 4h ,集装箱到达美国后其内部溴甲烷残留气体浓度低于 5× 1 0 -6。 相似文献
5.
溴甲烷熏蒸对桃蛀果蛾的毒力作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对溴甲烷熏蒸处理桃蛀果蛾结果进行机率值法分析,推算出在25℃温度条件下溴甲烷熏蒸处理1.5h和2h,达到桃蛀果蛾Carposina sasakii Matsumura幼虫死亡率99%的浓度时间乘积(CT值)分别为43.79g·h/m3和46.77 g·h/m3;15℃和10℃温度条件下熏蒸处理3h,达到桃蛀果蛾幼虫死亡率99%的溴甲烷浓度分别为50.84 g·h/m3和118.55 g·h/m3.研究表明,溴甲烷熏蒸对桃蛀果蛾幼虫的毒性作用随着溴甲烷熏蒸浓度的增加而增加,相同熏蒸剂浓度条件下,随着温度升高,溴甲烷熏蒸效果明显增加. 相似文献
6.
进境原木溴甲烷熏蒸除害处理技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以标记的黑条木小蠹带疫原木及松墨天牛危害马尾松原木作为样木,采用投药剂量80 g/m3、72g/m3、64g/m3、56g/m3,密闭时间12h、16h、20h、24h双因素溴甲烷熏蒸除害处理试验.试验结果表明:常压下,温度高于15℃,密闭时间12h除害效果小于100%,表明12h内溴甲烷未完全穿透原木而发生作用;投药剂量56g/m3,密闭时间大干或等于20h可保证100%对蛀入深度5～10cm的白云杉齿小蠹和黑条木小蠹除害处理效果,或投药剂量64g/m3,密闭时间大于或等于16h亦可保证:100%对白云杉齿小蠹和黑条木小蠹除害处理效果;但对蛀入深度超过10cm的松墨天牛幼虫,投药剂量应大于或等于64g/m3,密闭时间大于或等于20h方能100%达到除害处理效果.因此,熏蒸库帐幕遮盖常压熏蒸的最低投药剂量应大干或等于64g/m3,密闭熏蒸时间应大于或等于20h,能保证对蛀入深度0～15cm害虫的除害处理效果. 相似文献
7.
苹果是我国的重要出口水果,山楂叶螨(Tetranychus viennensis Zacher)和桃蛀果蛾(Carposinasasakii Matsumura)在苹果主产区广泛分布,严重威胁我国苹果出口。为确定溴甲烷检疫处理山楂叶螨和桃蛀果蛾的技术指标,本文系统测定了一系列温度条件下溴甲烷对山楂叶螨成螨和富士苹果中桃蛀果蛾老熟幼虫的毒力,确定在5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃和25℃下,溴甲烷熏蒸山楂叶螨死亡率达到机率值9所需浓度时间乘积(CT值)分别为126.66、84.35、59.15、45.23和40.33mg.h/L,溴甲烷熏蒸桃蛀果蛾死亡率达到机率值9所需CT值分别为128.05、81.80、52.91、41.56和36.43mg.h/L。根据上述结果,建议采用10.0～14.9℃40g/m3 2h、15.0～19.9℃32g/m3 2h、20.0～24.9℃24g/m3 2h和大于25.0℃20g/m3 2h作为出口苹果的溴甲烷熏蒸处理技术指标。 相似文献
8.
9.
于广西百色市老山林场调查了相思木蠹蛾对西南桦的为害情况,并进行了不同高度虫孔数组内单因素方差分析、不同整枝方式虫孔平均数差异显著性检验、种群密度估计模型拟合研究。结果表明:西南桦有虫孔株率70%,虫孔密度2.79个/株;以2m为区间段,无虫孔的占74.8%,有1个以上虫孔的占25.2%;相思拟木蠹蛾对树干高度有选择性,树干4～6m间虫孔数最多;幼虫侵入期人工修枝会加重相思拟木蠹蛾为害;以无虫株率估计相思拟木蠹蛾种群密度的模型为^x=1.420 8(-lnP0)1.476 8。相思拟木蠹蛾为害对西南桦木材品质有较大影响,应加强监测防治技术研究。 相似文献
10.
1985～2005年,美国报道从我国出口的竹制品中发现包括竹绿虎天牛(Chlorophorus annularis F.)在内的20多种有检疫意义的害虫.由于目前还没有针对竹制品中竹绿虎天牛的熏蒸处理技术指标,美国APHIS-PPQ采用其检疫处理手册的T404-d方案对竹制品进行熏蒸处理,即溴甲烷熏蒸24h.美国采用的竹制品熏蒸方案中溴甲烷的用量较高,本文应用比T404～d方案更低剂量的溴甲烷,研究竹桩中竹绿虎天牛的熏蒸效果.溴甲烷熏蒸试验在自制的小型熏蒸箱中进行,在26.7℃48 g/m3、21.1℃ 64 g/m3、15.6℃ 80 g/m3、10.0℃ 96 g/m3和4.4℃ 112 g/m3等5个温度和剂量组合,共20个试验(每个剂量4个重复)共熏蒸处理2847头幼虫、140头蛹和122头成虫,死亡率达100%,而在3组对照中共发现455头活虫.同时,用装满竹杆(80%)的20尺集装箱模拟竹制品出口熏蒸试验,以检查在24h的熏蒸过程中溴甲烷是否保持必需的浓度要求.本研究推荐了较低剂量的溴甲烷熏蒸处理竹制品的新的技术指标. 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
13.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
14.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
17.
W. Gams Willeke Van Laar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(2):39-45
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen. 相似文献
18.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
19.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
20.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献