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《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(6)
概述了土壤对磷吸收、迁移、同化以及磷在植物体内分布、吸收、转运、利用的机理;总结了低磷胁迫植物的生理生化响应、植物激素的调控效应、遗传变化、驯化适应;揭示了植物低磷代谢信号网络系统、分子应答调控机制和代谢酶的适应性变化,并阐述了低磷胁迫条件下植物的基因性状鉴定和基因工程应用的研究进展.最后展望了提高低磷胁迫植物磷利用效率的途径、面临的挑战及应用前景. 相似文献
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[目的]研究甘蔗应答水分胁迫差异基因表达,进一步探究甘蔗应答水分胁迫的分子机制,为开展甘蔗抗旱综合性遗传改良研究提供科学依据.[方法]选用GT11为材料,分别构建对照、干旱、复水3个处理总RNA混合池,使用cDNA-SCoT差异显示构建GT11伸长期应答水分胁迫的基因表达谱,筛选、分离TDFs进行测序,在NCBI数据库进行BLAST同源性检索,根据同源基因推测基因功能.[结果]通过42条SCoT引物筛选得到180个TDFs,有100个TDFs与NCBI数据库中已录入的基因具有较高的相似性,根据同源基因功能可分为14类:新陈代谢相关基因(11个)、能量代谢相关基因(12个)、运输途径相关基因(5个)、通信及信号转导相关基因(6个)、细胞循环及DNA加工相关基因(3个)、转录调控因子相关基因(3个)、蛋白质合成相关基因(17个)、蛋白质加工相关基因(1个)、结合功能蛋白相关基因(7个)、环境互作相关基因(3个)、转座子、毒性及质粒蛋白相关基因(5个)、细胞成分生物合成相关基因(1个)、防御相关基因(4个)和未知功能蛋白基因(22个).[结论]甘蔗应答水分胁迫调节途径具有多样性、复杂性、协调性和网络性;应用cDNA-SCoT差异显示筛选获得水分胁迫相关TDFs,可为进一步研究甘蔗应答水分调控途径的分子机理提供重要信息. 相似文献
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转录因子是杨树干旱胁迫应答分子调控网络中的重要组成部分之一,通过特异性结合干旱响应相关基因启动子区的顺式作用元件,调控下游靶基因的转录表达,从而参与杨树干旱胁迫响应过程。杨树WRKY、NAC、bZIP、MYB和AP2/ERF是干旱胁迫响应分子机制研究中最主要的五大转录因子家族,每个家族拥有超过80个成员。本文简要介绍了杨树干旱胁迫转录组学研究进展,系统总结和概括了杨树这五类转录因子的结构特征与亚家族分类、调控下游靶基因表达的方式及其在参与调控干旱信号转导网络中的作用等方面的研究进展,并对存在的问题与未来研究进行展望,旨在深入了解杨树耐旱分子机理,为培育抗旱型杨树新品种提供参考。 相似文献
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植物响应低温胁迫组学研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
低温是限制植物生长和分布的主要逆境因子之一。植物遭受低温胁迫时会迅速启动相关基因,进行转录调控,合成相应蛋白质,进而控制代谢物的合成。为了抵御和适应低温环境,植物形成了复杂的调控网络。随着现代分子生物学迅速发展,组学已经成为植物响应逆境胁迫机理研究的重要方法,如基因组、转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组。这些组学研究技术相结合,能够为探究植物响应低温胁迫的基因调控网络提供有力手段。本文综述转录组、蛋白质组与代谢组等组学技术用于分析植物应答低温胁迫的研究进展,以期为揭示植物耐寒机理及优良耐寒植物的筛选与培育提供参考。 相似文献
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植物microRNA 响应非生物胁迫研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
非生物胁迫是影响植物生长和产量的主要因素之一,而microRNA(miRNA)在植物的非生物胁迫应答中具有重要的调控作用。miRNA可与靶基因mRNA互补配对结合,通过切割靶基因mRNA或抑制其翻译的方式,在转录后水平上实现对靶基因表达的调控,进而对植物的生长发育、形态建成以及逆境响应等多个方面产生重要影响。综述了植物miRNA的合成、降解及作用机制的研究进展,并对植物miRNA参与的干旱胁迫、盐胁迫、高温与低温胁迫、养分胁迫和金属离子胁迫等非生物胁迫的应答机制进行了详细阐述,并就当前植物miRNA研究中存在诸如miRNA代谢的亚细胞定位不明、功能研究手段单一以及逆境胁迫响应机制研究不深入等问题指出了未来该领域研究的发展趋势。 相似文献
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《南方农业学报》2016,(12)
【目的】研究甘蔗应答水分胁迫差异基因表达,进一步探究甘蔗应答水分胁迫的分子机制,为开展甘蔗抗旱综合性遗传改良研究提供科学依据。【方法】选用GT11为材料,分别构建对照、干旱、复水3个处理总RNA混合池,使用cDNA-SCoT差异显示构建GT11伸长期应答水分胁迫的基因表达谱,筛选、分离TDFs进行测序,在NCBI数据库进行BLAST同源性检索,根据同源基因推测基因功能。【结果】通过42条SCoT引物筛选得到180个TDFs,有100个TDFs与NCBI数据库中已录入的基因具有较高的相似性,根据同源基因功能可分为14类:新陈代谢相关基因(11个)、能量代谢相关基因(12个)、运输途径相关基因(5个)、通信及信号转导相关基因(6个)、细胞循环及DNA加工相关基因(3个)、转录调控因子相关基因(3个)、蛋白质合成相关基因(17个)、蛋白质加工相关基因(1个)、结合功能蛋白相关基因(7个)、环境互作相关基因(3个)、转座子、毒性及质粒蛋白相关基因(5个)、细胞成分生物合成相关基因(1个)、防御相关基因(4个)和未知功能蛋白基因(22个)。【结论】甘蔗应答水分胁迫调节途径具有多样性、复杂性、协调性和网络性;应用cDNA-SCoT差异显示筛选获得水分胁迫相关TDFs,可为进一步研究甘蔗应答水分调控途径的分子机理提供重要信息。 相似文献
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DDB1作为CUL4泛素连接酶的核心组件参与细胞内许多重要的生命活动。前期研究发现番茄CUL4-DDB1复合物（CRL4）调节植物细胞的非生物胁迫应答。为进一步阐明DDB1在植物抗逆中的调控机制和生理功能,通过酵母双杂交筛选,发现普遍应激蛋白USP1与DDB1存在相互作用, USPs家族蛋白参与提高生物体对逆境胁迫的耐受;进一步研究发现USP1定位于细胞质中,且其基因表达受到多种胁迫条件诱导。此外泛素化实验揭示USP1可以被泛素化修饰降解,上调USP1表达导致植株对干旱和高温抗性的增强,表明USP1可能正调控番茄植株对逆境下胁迫的应答,且它的作用受CUL4-DDB1泛素连接酶的靶向降解调控。结果不仅揭示新的植物抗逆机理,而且为植物抗逆分子育种提供新的基因资源和技术途径。 相似文献
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土地利用变化对生态系统碳循环和全球气候变化具有非常显著的影响。土壤碳库容量为大气碳库的2~3倍,土壤呼吸过程是土壤圈碳流入大气圈的主要途径。研究土地利用变化对土壤碳库与土壤呼吸速率的影响对于揭示生态系统对土地利用变化的响应机制及科学估算区域生态系统的碳汇功能具有十分重要的意义。综述了自然林地、人工林地、农业用地和草地等4种土地利用方式相互转化对土壤碳储量的影响,较详细地分析了土地利用变化对不同活性碳库（主要包括微生物量碳、水溶性碳、易氧化碳等）的影响,探讨了土壤呼吸速率对土地利用变化的响应及其机制,最后对该方向今后的研究重点做了展望。参69 相似文献
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Polyphenisms are adaptations in which a genome is associated with discrete alternative phenotypes in different environments. Little is known about the mechanism by which polyphenisms originate. We show that a mutation in the juvenile hormone-regulatory pathway in Manduca sexta enables heat stress to reveal a hidden reaction norm of larval coloration. Selection for increased color change in response to heat stress resulted in the evolution of a larval color polyphenism and a corresponding change in hormonal titers through genetic accommodation. Evidently, mechanisms that regulate developmental hormones can mask genetic variation and act as evolutionary capacitors, facilitating the origin of novel adaptive phenotypes. 相似文献
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Dong-nan CUI Xiong-bing TU Kun HAO Aftab Raza Jun CHEN Mark McNeill Ze-hua ZHANG 《农业科学学报》2019,18(11):2579-2588
Maternal photoperiodic response is a key factor that affects offspring diapause in migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Although many aspects of insect diapause have been studied, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of maternal photoperiodic response that influence diapause regulation. To gain insight into the possible mechanisms of maternal photoperiod influence on diapause regulation, proteomics data by label-free quantification analysis were generated from non-diapause and diapause eggs. A total of 175 proteins were differentially expressed between diapause and non-diapause eggs. Among them, 24 proteins were upregulated, and 151 proteins were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichments were performed on all differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and showed that peroxisome, insect hormone biosynthesis, and longevity regulating pathway may be related to diapause of migratory locust. Furthermore, we used qRT-PCR to verify some results of the proteomic analysis. Proteins such as hexamerin-like protein 4, juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase 1 (JHEH1), cytochrome P450 and heat shock protein (HSP) 20.7 were predicted to be involved in diapause. This study provides an important reference for future research that will explore the mechanisms of diapause induced by maternal effects in migratory locust. 相似文献
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Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a mitochondrial oxidoreductase, is released into the cytoplasm to induce cell death in response to apoptotic signals. However, the mechanisms underlying this process have not been resolved. We report that inactivation of the Caenorhabditis elegans AIF homolog wah-1 by RNA interference delayed the normal progression of apoptosis and caused a defect in apoptotic DNA degradation. WAH-1 localized in C. elegans mitochondria and was released into the cytosol and nucleus by the BH3-domain protein EGL-1 in a caspase (CED-3)-dependent manner. In addition, WAH-1 associated and cooperated with the mitochondrial endonuclease CPS-6/endonuclease G (EndoG) to promote DNA degradation and apoptosis. Thus, AIF and EndoG define a single, mitochondria-initiated apoptotic DNA degradation pathway that is conserved between C. elegans and mammals. 相似文献
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植物CBL/CIPK网络系统逆境应答研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
大多数信号转导过程都伴随着细胞内钙离子浓度变化,CBL/CIPK信号系统是近几年在高等植物中发现的一类依赖于钙离子的信号系统,包括感知钙离子浓度变化的CBL蛋白(calcineurin B-like proteins)和与之互作的CIPK蛋白(CBL-interacting protein kinase)。研究表明CBL/CIPK信号系统在植物对逆境应答过程中起重要作用。在介绍CBL和CIPK的结构和特征基础上对不同植物CBL/CIPK信号系统在逆境应答中的研究现状况进行了综述,以期为基因工程改良作物抗逆育种提供新的思路和种质资源。 相似文献
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生物体内的蛋白质降解方式有两种,一种不需要能量,一种需要能量。而泛素/26S蛋白酶体途径便是目前已知的依赖ATP、高效、有高度选择性的蛋白降解途径。它介导了真核生物中80%~85%的蛋白质降解,几乎参与到植物生长发育的各个环节,是植物体内蛋白高效专一降解最重要、最精细的调控机制之一。概述了泛素蛋白酶体途径,重点阐述了泛素结合酶E2和泛素连接酶E3的蛋白结构及其在水稻生长发育、激素信号传导、生物和非生物胁迫响应中的生物学功能及机制,并对进一步研究进行了展望,将有助于揭示泛素/26S蛋白酶体途径在水稻生长发育中的精细调控过程,并为水稻抗逆育种提供了指导和借鉴。 相似文献
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The actions of many extracellular stimuli are elicited by complexes of cell surface receptors, heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase complexes. Analysis of haploid yeast cells and their response to peptide mating pheromones has produced important advances in our understanding of G protein and MAP kinase signaling mechanisms. Many of the components, their interrelationships, and their regulators were first identified in yeast. Current analysis of the pheromone response pathway (see the Connections Maps at Science's Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment) will benefit from new and powerful genomic, proteomic, and computational approaches that will likely reveal additional general principles that are applicable to more complex organisms. 相似文献
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Dairy cows undergo tremendous changes in physiological, metabolism and the immune function from pregnancy to lactation that are associated with cows being susceptible to metabolic and infectious diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate the changes of plasma proteome on 21 d before expected calving and 1 d after calving from dairy cows using an integrated proteomic approach consisting of minor abundance protein enrichment by Proteo Miner beads, protein labeling by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification, and protein identification by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Nineteen proteins were changed around the time of calving. These proteins were associated with response to stress, including acute-phase response and defense response, based on the proteins annotation. In particular, three up-regulated proteins after calving including factor V, α2-antiplasmin and prothrombin were assigned into the complement and coagulation pathway. These results may provide new information in elucidating host response to lactation and parturition stress, and inflammatory-like conditions at the protein level. Differential proteins may serve as potential markers to regulate the lactation and parturition stress in periparturient dairy cows. 相似文献