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甜菜产糖量的主要因素是块根产量和含糖率,而构成甜菜块根产量和含糖率的因素,即农艺性状之间的相互关系,诸如地上部分的生长势、褐斑病、叶片数、抗旱性、株高、最大叶面积和地下部分的根体长、维管束环数、根颈宽、根头重、根头高等,往往又是互相联系,互相制约的。本文用甜菜品种资源的观察材料,对其观察测定的性状数据,进行相关性的分析研究,以便对甜菜产糖量的构成因素,加深了解,会对育种和栽培技术工作有所裨益。 相似文献
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液肥处理对甜菜根产量和含糖率的影响魏良民，冯建忠，章艳凤，阎德林，范明新，高菊萍（新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所）（新疆昌吉糖厂）甜菜块根产量及含糖率为重要的经济性状，直接影响其种植效益。如何在提高并保持较高含糖率的同时尽可能提高根产量，是甜菜育种及栽... 相似文献
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不同施肥水平对甜菜植物学性状及产质量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】为了研究不同施肥水平对甜菜植物学性状及产质量的影响,【方法】采用随机区组设计,设置0、300、600、900、1200、1500kg/hm~2慧尔专用肥6个处理,针对不同施肥时期和施肥量对甜菜叶丛高度、叶片数、叶绿素、叶面积、根围、根冠、干物质、产量、含糖率及单株重进行了测定。【结果】0~1500kg/hm~2这个范围内,甜菜块根产量、单株鲜重与施肥量呈显著正相关,施肥量在900kg/hm~2的处理时甜菜块根产量达到最大,随后开始下降,降幅较小。甜菜块根含糖率与施肥量呈显著负相关,随着施肥的增加含糖率呈现降低趋势,施肥量增加到1500kg/hm~2处理时,甜菜块根含糖率最低。【结论】综合产量和含糖率因素,不同施肥时期和施肥量对上述甜菜的植物学性状及经济学性状均有重要影响,慧尔专用肥的用量在900kg/hm~2左右较为合适。 相似文献
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氮素运筹对干旱区滴灌甜菜生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国糖料》2019,(3)
选取Beta356甜菜品种为试验材料,以不施氮素处理(N1)为对照,设置3种氮素运筹模式,即分别在叶丛快速增长期、块根膨大期和糖分积累期施用3种比例的氮素(60∶30∶10、50∶30∶20、40∶40∶20),氮素总量为585 kg/hm~2,各处理施氮量保持一致,测定叶片和块根生长速率、叶面积指数以及甜菜块根产量。以探讨氮素运筹对甜菜生长和产糖量的影响,为干旱区滴灌甜菜高产高糖氮素管理提供参考。结果表明,与对照相比,施氮可以减缓甜菜叶片的衰老速率。滴灌甜菜块根膨大期叶片生长以老叶为主,氮素运筹不改变老叶的主体地位,但是对叶片生长速率具有一定的调控作用。块根膨大期老叶面积及其叶面积日增长量与甜菜块根产量和含糖率显著正相关,新叶面积与甜菜块根产量显著正相关,与块根含糖率显著负相关。氮素运筹对块根生长无显著影响,根长、根宽和块根维管束环数在块根膨大中期与块根产量显著正相关,在块根膨大后期与块根含糖率显著正相关。块根膨大期的老叶面积和块根体积可用于衡量甜菜产糖量,新叶面积可用于衡量块根含糖率。通过氮素运筹保证块根膨大期老叶叶面积同时适当控制新叶发生速率,促进根系发育,有利于提高滴灌甜菜块根产量和含糖率。 相似文献
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甜菜遗传单粒型多倍体杂交种──新甜（单）８号系以二倍体遗传单粒雄性不育系ＴＤＭ１０２为母本，以多粒四倍体品系Ｔ４１２和多粒二倍体品系Ｔ２１７的４：１机混群体为父本，按母父本３：１自然杂交，母系收获利用。该品种在新疆甜菜品种区域试验中（１９９１～１９９３年），１８，点次根产量平均超过对照新甜６号１１．４９％，含糖率超过对照０．５８度；生产示范中（１９９２～１９９３年）８点次平均根产超过对照１５．２６％，含糖率超过对照０．７７度。该品种抗褐斑病，适于机械精量点播和应用纸筒育苗技术，适宜在新疆全区种植。 相似文献
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甜菜块根中含糖率受品种、土壤气候条件及栽培技术等多种因素影响。一个品种含糖率的高低,与其育成及种子繁育过程中所采用的技术、方法有密切关系。本文仅就糖分检测与甜菜含糖率的关系,从以下三方面予以赘述。 检糖在提高甜菜含糖率上的作用 甜菜起源于野生种,它是经欧洲风土驯化的前亚细亚根用甜菜与起源于西欧的叶用甜菜间的杂种,并兴于18世纪末,19世纪初。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献