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1.
低分子有机酸/盐对森林暗棕壤铁的释放效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
模拟森林凋落物淋洗液中草酸/草酸盐和柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐的浓度范围,设计了不同浓度草酸/草酸盐和柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐溶液一次性浸提和多次连续浸提等系列实验,结果表明,草酸/草酸盐和柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐对暗棕壤铁具有活化作用,活化作用大小因有机酸/盐种类、浓度和土壤性质而异。随着低分子有机酸/盐浓度的增加,A1层和B层暗棕壤活化释放的铁也逐渐增多。pH 5.16的低分子有机盐溶液对A1层和B层暗棕壤铁的活化作用强于同浓度的相应低分子有机酸,即柠檬酸盐>柠檬酸,草酸盐>草酸,因此推断草酸盐和柠檬酸盐溶液促进暗棕壤铁活化释放的机理主要在于低分子有机酸阴离子的配位反应。柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐对A1层和B层暗棕壤铁的活化作用强于同浓度的草酸/草酸盐,即柠檬酸>草酸,柠檬酸盐>草酸盐,这主要与柠檬酸对铁较强的络合能力及较大的离解常数有关。A1层与B层相比,草酸/草酸盐和柠檬酸/柠檬酸盐均对B层暗棕壤释放的铁量较高。另外,低分子有机酸对暗棕壤铁的释放并不是一次就能完成的,第一次以后的连续4次浸提仍源源不断释放出数量可观的铁。  相似文献   

2.
用土壤培养和化学浸提法研究了不同低分子量有机酸和磷对污染土壤中铅释放的影响。结果表明,随有机酸浓度增加,铅污染红壤、棕壤中可溶出铅量均增加。当供试有机酸浓度≥1mmol·L-1时,相同浓度有机酸溶出铅量为柠檬酸〉乙酸〉草酸;当有机酸浓度≤0.5mmol·L-1时,溶出铅量为草酸〉柠檬酸〉乙酸。将2g·kg-1磷及50mmol·kg-1有机酸与铅污染红壤以不同方式混合后,柠檬酸处理的溶出铅比率（在污染土壤中加入P、有机酸后溶出铅含量与单加有机酸溶出铅含量之比）为66%（先加有机酸再加磷）、58%（有机酸与磷同时加入）、70%（先加磷再加有机酸）,草酸处理（方式同上）的溶出铅比率为90%、89%、94%,乙酸处理（方式同上）的为10%、8%、10%。铅污染棕壤上,以上处理的溶出铅比率分别为106.46%、104.43%、105.19%（柠檬酸）;43%、48%、58%（草酸）;38%、42%、55%（乙酸）。供试条件下,红壤最低溶出铅比率低于棕壤。  相似文献   

3.
采用化学萃取实验,以湖南郴州柿竹园和湖南衡阳水口山矿区的重金属污染农田土壤为研究对象,采用柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸作为低分子有机酸萃取剂,在一定的条件下对污染土壤中重金属进行萃取实验,确定各个单因素的适宜条件。结果表明,对于湖南郴州和衡阳两个污染地区土壤运用化学萃取技术萃取重金属来进行土壤修复是实际可行的;柠檬酸、酒石酸、草酸对各种土壤中的重金属都表现出了良好的萃取能力,是高效的土壤重金属萃取剂;单因素的适宜萃取条件为100mmol·L^-1有机酸溶液,固液比1∶5,恒定温度35℃,pH为3,反应时间24h,且萃取率随着电解质浓度的增大而提高;土壤中重金属存在形态与萃取效果有一定的相关性,稳定态（残渣态、硫化物和有机结合态、铁-锰氧化物结合态）金属含量高,表现为较低的萃取率;反之,萃取率高;柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸3种萃取剂均能有效地降低衡阳污染土壤中的重金属浓度,3种萃取剂的萃取效率依次为酒石酸〉草酸〉柠檬酸。  相似文献   

4.
Low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids exist widely in soils and have been implicated in many soil processes.The objective of the present paper was to evaluate effect of two LMW organic acids, citric acid and oxalic acid, on Cl^- adsorption by three variable charge soils, a latosol, a lateritic red soil and a red soil, using a batch method. The results showed that the presence of citric acid and oxalic acid led to a decrease in Cl- adsorption with larger decreases for citric acid. Among the different soils Cl- adsorption in the lateritic red soil and the red soil was more affected by both the LMW organic acids than that in the latosol.  相似文献   

5.
Rate of zinc (Zn) release from solid to solution phase by organic acids can influence Zn availability in calcareous soils. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations (1.1, 2.2, and 3.3 mM) of oxalic acid and citric acid on the kinetic release of Zn from two calcareous soils from Eastern Iran. The two organic acids showed significant difference in Zn release from studied soils. Cumulative Zn release during 72 h ranged from 5.85 to 10.4 mg kg?1 in soil 1 and ranged from 8.7 to 16.9 mg kg?1 in soil 2 using different concentrations of oxalic acid. The amount of cumulative Zn release after 72 h in soil 1 ranged from 13.65 to 28.77 mg kg?1 and from 17.63 to 23.13 mg kg?1 when different concentrations of citric acid was used. In general, Citric acid released 38% more Zn from soils than oxalic acid. The release of Zn from soils increased with citric acid concentration but decreased with increasing of oxalic acid concentrations in the solution. The simplified Elovich equation best described Zn release as a function of time (r2 = 0.93 and SE = 0.78). From the present study, Zn release from soils can be limited by the higher concentration of oxalic acid, while citric acid is suitable for enhancing soil lability of Zn.  相似文献   

6.
Low-molecular-weight organic acids are considered to be effective in the release of inorganic phosphorus (P) but their effectiveness to mobilize organic P is not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the role of three common organic acids (maleic, oxalic, and citric acids) in mobilizing organic P in forest soils. Soil samples tested in this study were collected from either native or plantation forests in subtropical and tropical Australia with 16–87% of soil total P being in organic form. At a concentration of 10 mM organic acid kg?1 soil, all three organic acids did not enhance the release of inorganic P as compared with water, whereas the three organic acids displayed different capacities in mobilizing organic P. Citric acid significantly enhanced the solubilization of organic P by 34.7% as compared with water; whereas no significant differences were observed in the mobilization of organic P among maleic acid, oxalic acids, and water. The amount of organic P solubilized by citric acid was not correlated with soil pH but increased with increasing soil organic P as the values were below 200 mg kg.?1 The possible mechanisms of the effective mobilization of organic P by citric acid were discussed. Our results implied that organic P might play an important role in P nutrition of plants in subtropical and tropical forests due to its substantial proportion in soil P and the effective mobilization by organic acids.  相似文献   

7.
Fe and Al extractable by 3 per cent oxalic acid and by 0.1M potassium pyrophosphate at pH 10 have been determined in horizon samples of two soil profiles of each of three subgroups (Brown Earth, Brown Podzolic Soil, and Peaty Podzol) developed in North Wales on parent materials derived from Silurian shales. The vertical distribution of Fe and Al together with the relationship between pyrophosphate-extractable (‘fresh’ hydrous oxides) and oxalic-extract-able Fe or Al (‘fresh’+‘aged’ hydrous oxides) can assist classification and interpretation of the course of podzolization in these soils. If podzolization is defined as sesquioxide transport, then its degree of development in the soils studied differs according to whether Al or Fe are used as the index element. The evidence supports continued recognition of soils of Brown Podzolic type as an intergrade subgroup.  相似文献   

8.
低分子量有机酸强化烟草修复镉污染土壤的适用性研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  
采用盆栽试验,以0.125mmol/kg EDTA为对照,研究3种低分子量有机酸(酒石酸、柠檬酸和草酸)在强化烟草修复镉污染土壤中应用的可行性。3种低分子量有机酸(LMWOA)均可显著降低土壤pH,提高镉的有效含量,酒石酸和草酸对镉在烟草中转运有抑制作用,柠檬酸在酸性土壤中促进镉在烟草中转运,在中性土壤中则起抑制作用。31.25mmol/kg LMWOA对烟草地上部的生长有一定的促进作用,该浓度的柠檬酸和草酸使酸性土壤中烟草地上部镉累积量分别提高42.95%和28.67%,柠檬酸还使中性土壤中烟草地上部镉的累积量提高40.91%,所有酒石酸处理镉在烟草地上部的累积量均降低,EDTA使酸性土壤中烟草地上部镉的累积量提高24.56%,对中性土壤中烟草地上部镉累积量的影响不显著。表明柠檬酸和草酸具有强化烟草地上部对镉的吸收、提高烟草提取土壤镉效率的作用,但要获得与EDTA相当的效果,需大大提高其用量,这必然导致修复成本大大提高,故不宜用于强化烟草修复镉污染土壤。  相似文献   

9.
低分子量有机酸对石灰性土壤有机磷组成及有效性的影响   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  
为探索提高土壤磷素有效性的途径,采用室内培养的方法,研究不同有机酸对土壤速效磷含量及有机磷组分的影响。结果表明,添加有机酸后土壤速效磷含量发生显著变化,其中草酸处理下土壤速效磷含量显著高于其他处理,而柠檬酸和苹果酸对土壤速效磷含量具有抑制作用,其活化量为负值;随着培养时间的延长,速效磷含量缓慢降低。速效磷含量随着草酸浓度的升高而升高,随着苹果酸、柠檬酸浓度的升高而降低;有机酸处理后,土壤活性、中活性、中稳性有机磷升高,高稳性有机磷降低,这说明有机酸能促进土壤有机磷由有效性低的形态逐步向有效性高的形态转化,其中草酸的作用效果总体上较柠檬酸和苹果酸强。  相似文献   

10.
低分子量有机酸对可变电荷土壤铝活化动力学的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
从动力学角度研究了几种低分子量有机酸对2种酸性土壤中铝的活化和活化铝在土壤固/液相之间分配的影响。结果表明:对于络合能力弱的醋酸和乳酸,主要通过质子作用活化铝,且活化作用明显小于盐酸。而络合能力较强的苹果酸、草酸和柠檬酸,主要通过络合作用促进铝的释放,且这种作用随有机酸根阴离子络合能力的增强而增加。在氧化铁含量较高的砖红壤中,苹果酸、草酸和柠檬酸通过专性吸附增加土壤表面负电荷,从而增加土壤交换态铝;但在氧化铁含量较低的红壤中,草酸和柠檬酸主要通过形成可溶性铝络合物降低交换态铝。活化铝在土壤固/液相间的分配主要决定于溶液中有机阴离子与土壤固相表面对铝离子的竞争。醋酸和乳酸活化的铝主要以交换态铝存在;而草酸和柠檬酸活化的铝主要以有机酸-铝络合物存在于溶液中,特别是在氧化铁低的红壤中,这将促进铝在土壤-水体中的迁移。  相似文献   

11.
Understanding the role of organic acids on phosphorus (P) sorption capacity of soils is very important for its economic and friendly management. Combining P application with low-molecular weight organic acids could result in its higher plant availability for prolonged time. Therefore, citric and oxalic acid (at the rate of 1.0 mM kg?1 soil) were evaluated for their effect on P sorption capacity and its plant availability in two different textured calcareous soils. Organic acids decreased P sorption capacity and organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc) whereas increased Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of P. Organic-acid-treated soils required lesser quantity of P fertilizer to produce soil solution P concentration optimum for plant growth (external P requirement [EPR0.2]), that is, 0.2 mg L?1. Citric acid was efficient than oxalic acid in the above effects. P sorption parameters of Freundlich model were negatively correlated with lime potential and ΔG whereas had positive correlation (P < 0.05) with EPR0.2 and Koc. Incubation with oxalic acid increased available P in loamy sand and loam soil by 20% and 30%, respectively. Thus, organic acids could help reduce application rate of P fertilizer through lowering its adsorption in highly P-fixing soils without compromise on yield.  相似文献   

12.
This study was conducted to quantify the adsorption of desferrioxamine-B (DFO-B), a commercial trihydroxamate siderophore, onto an Oxisol and particularly examine the DFO-B-promoted soil dissolution in the presence of two small organic acids (citric and oxalic acids). Adsorption of DFO-B to Oxisol was rapid, and the adsorption isotherms yielded maximum surface concentrations of 9.59 μmol g?1 at pH 5.0, much lower than the soil cation exchange capacity. After reaching the maximum concentration within several minutes, the DFO-B adsorption to the soil subsequently decreased and attained a steady state, followed by a slight increase at the end of the reaction. Release of Fe, Mn, and Al from the soil was greatly enhanced in the presence of DFO-B. No competitive or synergic effect between the DFO-B and citric or oxalic acids was found on dissolution of Al- or Fe-containing minerals. However, a synergic effect between DFO-B and citric acid on dissolution of Mn-containing minerals was found, and a slight competitive effect of oxalic acid on release of Mn promoted by DFO-B was observed. These results can enhance our understanding on the role of siderophores in soils dissolution and weathering as well as the release of nutrient elements in the presence of low-molecular-weight organic acids.  相似文献   

13.
龚松贵  王兴祥  张桃林 《土壤学报》2009,46(6):1089-1095
采用室内模拟试验研究了低分子量有机酸(柠檬酸、草酸、苹果酸、酒石酸)对红壤磷酸单酯酶活性的影响。结果表明,低浓度有机酸(<1μmol g-1)对磷酸单酯酶活性有促进作用,且促进作用大小依次为柠檬酸≈草酸>苹果酸>酒石酸;而高浓度有机酸(>5μmol g-1)则为抑制作用,且抑制作用大小依次为柠檬酸>草酸>苹果酸>酒石酸。当体系pH趋向酶促反应最佳pH时,磷酸单酯酶活性增强;反之,当体系pH远离酶促反应最佳pH时,磷酸单酯酶活性减弱。有机酸根一方面通过羧基的辅助作用提高磷酸单酯酶活性;另一方面通过释放土壤A l3+、Fe3+等金属离子,对土壤磷酸单酯酶活性有一定的抑制作用。  相似文献   

14.
3种有机酸对伴矿景天修复效率及土壤微生物数量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
伴矿景天(Sedumplumbizincicola)是一种Cd和Zn的超积累植物,常用于Cd污染土壤的植物修复。有机酸能够提高土壤重金属的有效性,促进植物对重金属的积累,对重金属污染土壤的植物修复效率具有强化作用,并对土壤微生物数量有重要影响。以河潮土和红黄泥为供试土壤,探讨了乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、柠檬酸、草酸对伴矿景天修复效率和土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明,有机酸能显著提高土壤有效态Cd含量,柠檬酸处理的效果最好,河潮土和红黄泥中有效态Cd含量较单种伴矿景天分别增加72.73%,12.99%(P<0.05);伴矿景天地上部Cd含量在河潮土和红黄泥中以EDTA处理最高,在河潮土和红黄泥中分别比单种伴矿景天增加99.24%和33.32%;与单种伴矿景天相比,添加有机酸处理河潮土和红黄泥中伴矿景天修复效率显著提高。添加有机酸比单种伴矿景天显著增加土壤中微生物数量,其中柠檬酸处理河潮土中细菌和真菌数量分别增加34.38%和68.42%(P<0.05),草酸处理红黄泥中放线菌数量增加150.00%。研究结果可为重金属污染土壤的植物强化修复提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

15.
Low-molecular-weight organic acids play an important role in the mobilization of soil phosphorus (P). The molybdate blue colorimetric method, based on the formation of P molybdenum blue compound, is commonly used for analysis of phosphate in soil and environmental samples. However, some organic acids can act as a ligand to bond with molybdenum acid, which subsequently interfere with the colorimetric reaction. The recoveries of P were inhibited by the addition of oxalic (>2 mM) and citric acids (>3 mM) both in standard P solutions and soil extracts, but formic and maleic acids did not interfere with the P determination. The inhibition of oxalic and citric acids on P recovery remained even at higher level of P (up to 100 μg P 100 ml−1) though such interferences decreased by increasing P concentration. Comparison between oxalic and citric acids revealed the more pronounced interference by the addition of oxalic acid. The results suggested that the interference of organic acids with P determination is related to the types of organic acids and the ratio of organic acid ligands to P anions in the solutions. Thus, analysis of P using the molybdate blue colorimetric method should be undertaken cautiously in the presence of relative strong ligands like oxalic and citric acids.  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT

Phytoremediation is a promising technique to clean up toxic heavy metals including lead (Pb). A greenhouse trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of citric, succinic, malonic and oxalic acids on micronutrient uptake and phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil by maize under different Pb levels. Mean root and shoot dry weights of maize decreased with increasing Pb levels. At the lowest Pb level, application of citric and oxalic acids caused increase effects on root and shoot dry weight, respectively, as compared to the absence of organic acid. As Pb levels increased, micronutrient uptake in maize shoot decreased. Among the studied organic acids, only the application of oxalic acid increased uptake of all micronutrients in maize shoot as compared to control at the lowest Pb level. Mean root and shoot Pb concentration and uptake and also uptake index noticeably increased at the highest Pb level. All tested acids increased Pb concentration and uptake in maize root. At the highest Pb level, organic acids, except for citric acid, significantly increased shoot Pb uptake and uptake index as compared to the absence of organic acid. Translocation factors less than 1, demonstrated that most of Pb taken up by maize accumulated in root as compared to shoot. According to results reported herein, application of malonic, succinic and oxalic acids is a good strategy to enhance phytostabilization potential of Pb by maize in pb-polluted soils.  相似文献   

17.
Low molecular mass organic acids (LMMOAs) and hydroxamate siderophores (HS) are molecules secreted by microbes and have previously been found in soil solution and in cultures. Mycorrhizal fungi are suggested to be involved in the nutrient uptake processes of trees and weathering of minerals. In this study soil samples taken from the O and E horizons of a podzol were extracted with 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7.2. Variable parameters included addition of methanol to the extraction buffer and the use of ultrasonication or rotary shaking during extraction. LMMOAs and HS content of the soil extracts were determined. Analysis of soil extracts were carried out by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and the extraction results compared to results for soil solution samples obtained by centrifugation of the soils sampled. The extraction yields were significantly increased by addition of methanol to the extraction buffer, especially for the O horizon samples. Rotary shaking of the samples for 90 min gave slightly higher yields than ultrasonication for 15 min but the reduction in extraction time makes ultrasonication an attractive option. Of the HSs determined, ferricrocin was found in all samples. Optimal extraction conditions showed citric acid and isocitric acid to be the most abundant organic acids in the O and E horizons, respectively.  相似文献   

18.
低分子量有机酸对石灰性土壤磷素形态转化及有效性的影响   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  
采用室内培养和化学分析的方法研究了几种低分子量有机酸对石灰性土壤中磷的活化作用。结果表明:供试有机酸通过溶解、螯合等作用均能不同程度地促进合成磷酸盐的磷素释放。活化DCP、ODP、Fe-P、A l-P的能力依次为柠檬酸>草酸>苹果酸>酒石酸>乙酸;活化FA的能力是草酸>柠檬酸>苹果酸>酒石酸>乙酸。同种有机酸作浸提剂时,有机酸浓度越高磷酸盐中磷素释放量也越大。施加各种有机酸可以不同程度地降低土壤中Fe-P、A l-P和Ca10-P,增加Ca2-P、Ca8-P和O-P含量,总的趋势是促进土壤中植物难以利用的无机磷形态向有效性较高的形态转化。这种促进作用大小顺序为草酸>柠檬酸>酒石酸。  相似文献   

19.
Soil samples from the main genetic horizons of pale podzolic and peat gleyic podzolic soils from the Central Forest Reserve were subjected to a continuous potentiometric titration by sulfuric and nitric acids. The sulfate sorption capacity was determined in soil mineral horizons. The buffer capacity of mineral horizons of both soils to sulfuric acid was found to be higher than that to the nitric acid. This is explained by the sorption of sulfates via the mechanism of ligand exchange with the release of hydroxyl groups from the surfaces of Fe and Al hydroxide particles and edge faces of clay crystallites. The buffer capacity of organic horizons of the pale podzolic soil to sulfuric acid proved to be higher than that to nitric acid; in organic horizons of the peat gleyic podzolic soil, the buffer capacity to sulfuric acid was lower than that to nitric acid. The reasons for this phenomenon have yet to be investigated.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

This study aimed to clarify pedogenetic processes and classification of yellowish Brown Forest Soils according to the Classification of Forest Soils in Japan and the Yellow Brown Forest soils according to the Unified Soil Classification System of Japan in the warm and cool temperate forest of Kyushu district, Japan. In addition, the study aimed to clarify a problem with the Unified Soil Classification System of Japan. Thirty-six soil profiles of Brown Forest Soils, including 13 yellowish Brown Forest Soils and 15 Yellow Brown Forest soils, were compared with regard to their chemical properties and the relationship with climatic conditions was assessed. The yellowish Brown Forest Soils had thin A horizons, low pH and low levels of free oxides in the B horizons, and a low amount of silica and a high aluminum and iron to silica ratio. These features were related to the paleo reddish weathering. The immaturely developed A horizon of the yellowish Brown Forest Soils was caused by these weathered, low-activity substances. The Yellow Brown Forest soils had low levels of active iron oxides and a low activity ratio of free iron oxides compared with the Haplic Brown Forest soils in the same thermal climatic conditions. The activity ratio of free iron oxides was correlated to mean annual air temperature with the carbon stocks and with many other chemical properties. Accordingly, classification of Brown Forest Soils was clearer according to thermal climatic conditions. The activity ratio of free iron oxides can become an effective index that distinguishes Yellow Brown Forest soils under warm temperate lucidophyllous forest and Haplic Brown Forest soils under cool temperate broad-leaved deciduous forest with considerable vertical soil zonality.  相似文献   

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