首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
This study characterized the peripheral plasma placental lactogen (bPL) profile throughout gestation and examined the relationship between the stage of gestation, fetal mass, number, and postpartum lactation with circulating levels of bPL in Holstein cows after nonsurgical embryo transfer. Cows (n = 12) were divided into two groups: Group 1 = single embryo recipient cows (n = 5); Group 2 = twin embryo recipient cows (n = 7). Blood was collected about every third day from Day 0 (Day 0 was defined as the first day of standing estrus), then daily for the last 10 d of gestation, and sampling was stopped 1 d postpartum. The cows were milked twice daily at 0800 and 1800 hr. Two twin-embryo recipient cows had abnormal pregnancies; therefore, their data were excluded from that of the group and reported separately. The time trend concentrations of plasma bPL were significantly affected by the stage of gestation (P < 0.01) but not fetal number (P < 0.21). In both groups bPL levels remained low during the first two trimesters, then increased rapidly (P < 0.01) to peak concentrations between Days 200 and 220, and stabilized at this elevated level until parturition. Postpartum milk yields were indistinguishable between the singleton and twin-bearing cows. Calf birth weight and postpartum lactation were both correlated (P < 0.01) to peripheral bPL concentration in singleton cows, however, this relationship decreased with a subsequent increase in fetal number. Cows giving birth prematurely to stillborn calves or to a schistosomus reflexus calf exhibited a deviating bPL profile. These results indicate that peripheral bPL levels are positively associated with the stage of gestation but not with fetal number. Otherwise, the peripheral pattern of bPL is a valuable index for predicting feto-placental viability.  相似文献   

2.
Six veal calves were medicated with clenbuterol at 20 μg kg bodyweight−1 day−1 for 42 days before they were slaughtered, to evaluate the lesions and residues in target organs. Compared with six unmedicated calves the most noticeable changes were tracheal dilatation, decreased uterine weight, slight mucous hypersecretion in the uterus and vagina and depletion of liver glycogen. The highest concentrations of clenbuterol (62 to 128 ng/g−1) were recorded in the choroid/retina, and the aqueous humour had the lowest concentration (0·5 to 2·4 ng ml−1). The residue concentrations were higher than the maximum residue level set for clenbuterol (0·5 ng g−1)  相似文献   

3.
Ureaplasma species were isolated from semen samples collected sequentially from one Awassi and three Assaf breeding rams. Each ram was injected subcutaneously with an aqueous solution of lincomycin and spectinomycin for five consecutive days at a dose equivalent to 4·5 mg kg−1 lincomycin and 9·0 mg kg−1 spectinomycin daily. Serum and semen samples were collected at intervals during the treatment and assayed for lincomycin. No Ureaplasma species were isolated from semen samples collected during the course of the treatment and at intervals for 17 days after the last treatment. The concentration of lincomycin in semen ranged from 0·51 μg ml−1 four hours after treatment to 0·08 μg ml−1 24 hours after treatment, and these levels were three to nine times higher than the corresponding serum concentrations.  相似文献   

4.
Troponin T is a specific and sensitive serological indicator of acute myocardial infarction in human patients. The concentration of serum troponin T was measured by an technique in two strains of healthy commercial broiler chickens (Cobb 500 and Ross I) aged between one and 56 days. The concentrations of cardiac-derived troponin T in day-old Cobb and Ross chicks were 5·74 and 8·35 ng ml−1, respectively, and much higher than in 14-day-old chicks. Between 21 and 56 days, the values were consistently lower than the mean troponin T concentration of 0·20 ng ml−1 reported previously in a group of healthy 30-day-old broilers. All the other heart measurements, including the arterial pressure index, were within normal limits. The high troponin T concentrations after hatching are probably due to an embryonic isoform that rapidly becomes replaced by an adult isoform by three weeks of age. The data suggest that in healthy birds, there is an inverse relationship between troponin T concentrations and age.  相似文献   

5.
During oestrous cycles of the camel, spontaneous uterine contractions were correlated significantly with plasma oestradiol-17β concentration. Ovariectomy in the camel resulted in a decreased plasma concentration of oestradiol-17β (<15 pg ml−1) and progesterone (<0·1 ng ml−1) and caused complete cessation of uterine activity. Daily administration of oestradiol benzoate (5 mg, intramuscularly) increased the plasma concentration of oestradiol-17β (>45 pg ml−1) and increased the frequency and amplitude of uterine activity. Coadministration of progesterone (100 mg, intramuscularly) increased the plasma concentration of progesterone (>4 ng ml−1) and increased the frequency but not amplitude of uterine activity. It is suggested that uterine activity in the camel is correlated with the circulating levels of oestradiol-17β and progesterone.  相似文献   

6.
These studies were undertaken to examine the systemic and renal effects of the pharmacological inhibition of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) in cats. In six healthy cats, the intravenous infusion of nitro-L-arginine at a dose of 100 μg kg−1 bodyweight min−1 resulted in a marked increase (P<0·001) in mean arterial pressure from the control value of 116·7 ± 4·6 mmHg to 154·2 ± 6·8 mmHg and an increase (P<0·05) in renal vascular resistance from the control value of 3·69 ± 0·33 mmHg min ml−1 to 6·83 ± 1·15 mmHg min ml−1. The increase in renal vascular resistance was generalised, with comparable increments in preglomerular and postglomerular vascular resistance. Mean values for glomerular capillary pressure (61·1 ± 61·9 vs 1·9 ± 1·6 mmHg), calculated from the sum of arterial colloid osmotic pressure plus proximal tubule stop-flow pressure, did not change in response to the infusion of nitro-L-arginine. However, there was a marked reduction in renal blood flow (29·4 ± 3·1 to 16·9 ± 2·3 ml min−1, P<0·01) and glomerular filtration rate (5·22 ± 0·57 to 3·52 ± 0·45 ml min−1, P<0·01). These results provide evidence that EDNO plays an important role in the basal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure and renal haemodynamics in cats.  相似文献   

7.
The activities of danofloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, and two other antimicrobials were determined in vitro against field isolates of seven Mycoplasma species of veterinary importance isolated from cattle, swine and poultry in five European countries. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of danofloxacin, tylosin and oxytetracycline were determined against a total of 68 isolates. Danofloxacin showed excellent activity against isolates of all Mycoplasma species (range 0·008 to 0·5 μg ml−1), but in some isolates there was evidence of reduced sensitivity to tylosin (range 0·008 to 2·0 μg ml−1) and oxytetracycline (range 0·008 to over 16·0 μg ml−1). Danofloxacin was more active than other antimicrobials against, M hyopneumoniae, M dispar and M bovigenitalium, and showed activity similar to that of tylosin against M bovis and M gallisepticum. Tylosin was the most active against M synoviae and M hyosynoviae. Generally, oxytetracycline showed the poorest activity, but was superior to tylosin against M bovigenitalium. A second (final) MIC reading was taken for all isolates 14 or 21 days after the initial reading, and MIC values rose during that time. However, the increase seen in danofloxacin values (typically one to two dilutions) was less than that seen for tylosin and oxytetracycline. It is concluded that danofloxacin is highly active in vitro against all of the Mycoplasma species tested, and thus shows great potential for the treatment of respiratory and other infections caused by Mycoplasma species in cattle, pigs and poultry.  相似文献   

8.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying proportions of dietary kale on rumen pH and volatile fatty acid production. Four pregnant dry dairy cows permanently fitted with ruminal cannulae were randomly assigned to four kale: grass silage dietary proportions (0:100, K0; 60:40, K60; 85:15, K85 and 100:0, K100) on a dry matter basis in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design with four 20 day periods. Cows were acclimatised for 15 days, followed by a five-day period of experimental sampling and measurement. Internal pH meters were installed to continuously monitor rumen pH while rumen liquor collection tubes were used to sample rumen liquor for volatile fatty acid analysis at 0, 4, 8 and 12 h after feeding on each sampling day. Cows on treatment K85 had a lower (P < 0.001) ruminal pH compared to cows on treatments K100, K60 or K0 (6.26, 6.32, and 6.32 vs. 5.91, respectively). While a gradual decrease in rumen pH was observed over an eight-hour period for K85 before recovery, offering K100 did not reduce rumen pH below 6.0 or induce acidosis. Increasing the dietary proportion of kale did not affect (P > 0.05) acetate:propionate ratio production (3.71, 3.65, 3.86, 3.78 mmol L− 1 for K0, K60, K85 and K100, respectively). Offering cows K60 had increased (P < 0.05) rumen VFA concentration (71.67 mmol L− 1) relative to K0 (53.45 mmol L− 1), while offering K85 and K100 had no affect on rumen VFA concentration (61.74 and 59.35 mmol L− 1) (Table 2). Offering dry cows K100 relative to K0 reduced dry matter intake by 17.5% (7.32 vs. 8.87 kg DM day− 1, respectively) which may be associated with the presence of S-methyl-L-cysteine sulphoxide which can cause haemolytic anaemia and depressed DM intake. The results suggest that increasing the dietary proportion of kale was associated with a progressive decrease in dry matter intake but with minimal effects on rumen pH, total volatile fatty acid concentration and individual volatile fatty acid proportions.  相似文献   

9.
Two experiments were conducted to develop protocols for the use of fixed-time artificial insemination and embryo transfer (TAI and TET, respectively) to increase beef cattle productivity. Suckled beef cows were given GnRH (100 µg im) on Day − 10, and PGF (25 mg im) on Day − 3, with TAI on Day 0 (66 h later), and assigned to either embryo recipient (ER) or no embryo (NR) treatments on Days 6 or 7. Semen from Gelbvieh (GB) beef sires was used for TAI; sexed-male in vivo developed Holstein embryos (HO) were placed nonsurgically (TET) into the uterine horn contralateral to the corpus luteum. In Experiment 1, ovarian status of cows (n = 111; 69 ± 11 d postpartum; mean ± SD on Day 0) in Groups I and II was presynchronized with a single PGF treatment on Day − 24; Groups II and III received GnRH concurrent with TAI, and ER (n = 78) were selected from all groups on Days 6 or 7. Neither presynchronization nor GnRH affected rates of recipient selection, Day 45 pregnancy (43.2, 43.2, and 54.0% for Groups I, II and III, respectively), or calving (40.5, 37.8, and 43.2%). However, treatment with GnRH increased HO-birth rate (8.0, 14.0 and 24.0%; P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, cows (n = 99, 113 ± 10 d postpartum) were assigned on Day 7 to NR and ER, with and without hCG (2500 IU im), following a TAI protocol (as per Group III in Experiment 1). Treatment with hCG increased reproductive rate (1.16 vs 1.44 calves/calving; P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on rates of Day 45 pregnancy (45.3 vs 41.3%), calving (31.2 vs 37.0%) or HO-births (20.0 vs 26.0%). In summary, GnRH-based synchronization rates were 71.2% (based on circulating progesterone concentrations that were < 1.0 ng/mL on Day 0 and ≥ 1.0 ng/mL on Day 7); TET did not affect GB-birth rate, but more calves were produced by ER than NR cows (1.43 vs 1.02 calves/calving; P < 0.01); and weaned calf production was 53% greater for twin- than singleton-suckled cows (392 ± 25 vs 256 ± 11 kg/dam; mean ± SEM, P < 0.05). Therefore, GnRH-based TAI and TET protocols for mixed-breed twin production increased beef cow productivity.  相似文献   

10.
The effect of dietary chloride content (0·2, 0·4 and 1·3 per cent chloride on a dry matter basis) on the disposition of a single oral dose of bromide (14 mg kg−1 was evaluated in normal beagles. Increasing the dietary chloride content from 0·2 to 1·3 per cent resulted in a significant decrease in the mean apparent elimination half-life from 69 ± 22 days to 24 ± 7 days. The mean area under the concentration curve ( ) for dogs fed 1·3 per cent chloride was significantly smaller than the for dogs fed 0·2 per cent chloride. Dietary chloride had no effect on the maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) or on the time (Tmax) to reach the maximum concentrations. The steady-state serum bromide concentrations predicted from the single dose data for daily doses of 14 mg kg−1 of bromide were significantly lower in dogs fed 1·3 per cent chloride (310 ± 150 mg litre−1) than in dogs fed 0·2 per cent chloride (1950 ± 1140 mg litre−1). The predicted mean daily doses of bromide necessary to maintain serum levels within the therapeutic range for dogs fed 1·3 per cent chloride (43 ± 13 mg kg−1) were almost twice as high as the dose estimated for dogs fed 0·4 per cent chloride (22 ± 3 mg kg−1) and nearly three times as high as the dose estimated for dogs fed 0·2 per cent chloride (15 ± 4 mg kg−l). These differences were statistically significant (P=0·002).  相似文献   

11.
The effects of feeding diets with different milliequivalents (mEq) of dietary ([Na+ + K+] − [Cl− + SO4=]) to dairy cows during the last seven weeks of pregnancy on bone morphology at parturition were studied. Nine monozygotic twin pairs of pregnant cows (five pairs of parity 1 or 2 and four pairs of parity 3 or more) were allocated to two diets which were formulated to provide either −4 mEq (anion diet) or +572·5 mEq (cation diet) of ([Na+ + K+] − [Cl− + SO4=]) kg−1 dietary dry matter. Bone biopsies were taken from the tuber coxae between three and eight hours after parturition. The plasma concentrations of calcium and inorganic phosphorus, the total plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and the urinary hydroxyproline:creatinine ratio were not significantly affected by diet during the experimental period. In low parity (2 or less) cows the percentage trabecular bone volume, the percentage osteoclast surface and the mean number of osteoclasts per microscopic field (identified by Goldner staining) were lower on the anion diet than on the cation diet (P<0-02). In the high parity cows, the percentage osteoid volume (P<0·05) and the ratio of percentage osteoid volume to percentage osteoid surface (P<0·001) were greater in the cows fed the anion diet than in the cows fed the cation diet. The results show that reducing the mEq of dietary ([Na+ + K+] − [Cl− + SO4=]) to −4 mEq kg−1 dietary dry matter affected some of the parameters of bone formation but did not enhance bone resorption.  相似文献   

12.
Intravenous infusions of hydrocortisone sodium succinate (HSS) were given at 0·625 mg kg−1 hour−1 and 0·312 mg kg−1 hour−1 to six dogs. Plasma cortisol concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes and then every 30 minutes for a further five hours. Chronic hypocortisolaemia was induced and maintained with mitotane and the HSS infusions were repeated after 31 and 50 days. No statistically significant difference was observed in the plasma cortisol concentrations after either period of hypocortisolaemia, but the plasma cortisol concentrations tended to be higher in most of the dogs.  相似文献   

13.
During two consecutive replicates Iberian sows (n = 20) were subjected either to a conventional lactation (C) or intermittent suckling (IS). Piglets in the C treatment had free access to the dam. Piglets on IS treatment were separated from the sow during 6 h on days 29 and 30, 8 h on days 31 and 32, and 10 h on days 33 and 34. Litters on both treatments were weaned at 35 days of age and offered a starter diet until day 60 of age. The apparent digestibility (ApD) of nutrients and gross energy (GE) of the post-weaning diet was measured using Cr2O3 as external indigestible marker. Litters on IS tended to increase solid feed intake during the milk restriction (125 ± 12 vs. 70 ± 19 g piglet− 1 day− 1; P = 0.08). Feed intake was improved by IS during the second week post-weaning (676 ± 17 vs. 497 ± 12 g piglet− 1 day− 1, P < 0.01), but differences were totally offset after the 7th week of age. Differences in average growth rate of litters on C and IS treatments did not attain statistical significance during the period of restriction and in the first week post-weaning. Litters on IS showed increased growth rate during the second week post-weaning (422 ± 31 vs. 289 ± 33 g piglet− 1 day− 1; P = 0.01), but slower daily gains from the 3rd week post-weaning to 60 day of age than litters on C treatment (371 ± 14 vs. 432 ± 15 g piglet− 1 day− 1; P < 0.05). Nevertheless, neither at weaning nor at 60 days of age average body weight of piglets differed between treatments (7.71 ± 0.31 vs. 7.94 ± 0.30 kg for C and IS, at 35 days of age, 15.62 ± 0.65 vs. 16.20 ± 0.62 kg, at day 60). The apparent digestibility of nutrients of the starter diet offered after weaning remained unaffected by the treatment, except for a trend for higher ApD of GE for the piglets on IS treatment (P = 0.08). ApD for CP and GE was 78.1 ± 0.6 and 78.8 ± 0.3%, respectively. No significant differences in the proportions of total viscera and gastrointestinal tract to empty body weight (EBW) were observed between C and IS piglets at weaning and 60 d of age. In conclusion, the increase in feed intake observed prior and early after weaning as a consequence of intermittent suckling during the last week of 35 d lactation had no effect on nutrient digestibility measured at two weeks after weaning and failed on improving Iberian piglet performance.  相似文献   

14.
Five days after the induction of acute systemic inflammation in greyhounds by intramuscular and subcutaneous injections of Freund's adjuvant, the hepatic concentrations of cytochromes P-450 and b5, the activities of the hepatic microsomal enzymes aniline p-hydroxylase and aminopyrine n-demethylase and the disposition and urinary excretion of phenylbutazone were determined. The mean plasma concentrations of phenylbutazone after intravenous administration were described by the bi-exponential equations: Cp = 144·2e−34·6t + 171·5e−0·104t for five normal greyhounds and Cp = 113·6e−16·13t + 163·1e−0·108t for five febrile greyhounds. The elimination half-lives, total body clearances and apparent volumes of distribution were 6·7 hours, 18·4 ml kg−1 hour−1 and 0·18 litre kg−1, for the normal greyhounds, and 6·4 hours, 19·5 ml kg−1 hour−1 and 0·18 litre kg−1, for the febrile greyhounds. There were no significant differences between the pharmacokinetic parameters describing the distribution and elimination of phenylbutazone, or between the quantities of phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone and hydroxyphenylbutazone excreted in the urine. In the febrile greyhounds, there were significant decreases in the hepatic microsomal concentrations of cytochromes P-450 and b5 and in the activities of aniline p-hydroxylase and aminopyrine n-demethylase.  相似文献   

15.
In an open, controlled, multi-centre clinical field trial, seven ‘naturally occurring’ outbreaks of acutefebrile (rectal temperature ≥ 39·5°C) respiratory disease in housed calves were treated with a single antimicrobial agent, and either the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) carprofen (n=95) or flunixin meghunine (n=92) on an alternate basis. Carprofen was administered as a single subcutaneous injection at a mean dosage of 1·4 mg kg−1 (range 1·2 to 1·9 mg kg−1) body weight on the first day and flunixin meglumine by intravenous injection at a mean dosage of 2·0 mg kg−1 (range 1·2 to 2·6 mg kg−1) body weight on the first 3 consecutive days. All calves were examined clinically immediately prior to initial treatment and on three occasions up to 1 week after the end of treatment. There were no statistically significant differences between NSAID groups in reduction of clinical parameters between examinations, or in overall efficacy. This trial demonstrated that a single dose of carprofen was equally effective as three daily closes of flunixin meglumine as adjunctive therapy to antimicrobial treatment in acute respiratory disease in calves.  相似文献   

16.
The influence of training on blood lactate concentrations during treadmill exercise and a 40-minute inactive recovery period was examined in seven trained and seven detrained thorough-bred horses. Lactate concentrations were measured in venous blood collected at the end of each exercise state, and at intervals for 40 minutes afterwards. Measurements were made of maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max, ml kg−1 min−1), VLA4 (velocity at which blood lactate concentration was 4 mmol litre−1); LA8 (lactate concentration [mmol litre−1] during exercise at 8 m sec−1), peak lactate (highest lactate concentration after exercise), LA40 (lactate concentration 40 minutes after exercise), the time of peak lactate concentration (minutes after exercise) and the rate of disappearance of blood lactate (Rtd). The trained horses had a significantly lower LA8 (2·1 ± 0·1 vs 6·5 ± 1 mmol litre−1, P<0·01), higher VLA4 (9·8 ± 0·2 vs 5·8 ± 0·6 m sec−1, P<0·01) and higher V̇02max (156·3 ± 3·8 vs 107·1 ± 3·9 ml kg−1 min−1, P<0·001). The value of Rtd and the time of peak lactate concentration were not significantly different.  相似文献   

17.
Low capacity, high affinity [3H] dexamethasone binding receptors were identified in cytosolic preparations of liver (mean number 45±10·1 fmol mg−1 protein, apparent dissociation constant 0·4±0·1 nM) and skin (mean number 46·4±23·8 fmol mg−1 protein, apparent dissociation constant 1 ± 0·2 nM) of clinically normal dogs. For clinically normal cats, approximately half these numbers of receptors with a lower affinity, were detected in liver (mean number 23·1±10·4 fmol mg−1 protein, apparent dissociation constant 3·2±0·9 nM) and skin (mean number 23·90±10·9 fmol mg−1 protein, apparent dissociation constant 2·2±1·5 nM). This difference between dogs and cats in [3H] dexamethasone binding receptors may contribute to the relative glucocorticoid resistance observed in cats.  相似文献   

18.
The objectives of the study were to characterise the peripheral plasma oestrone (E1) and oestradiol-17beta (E2) concentrations throughout gestation in the cow and to correlate this with the stage of gestation and fetal number. Cows (n = 10) were equally divided into two groups after non-surgical embryo transfer of in-vitro matured and in-vitro fertilised (IVM - IVF) embryos; Group 1 received a single embryo, Group 2 received twin embryos. Blood was collected about every third day from day 0 (day 0 was defined as first day of standing oestrus), then daily for the last 10 days of gestation and sampling was stopped one day post partum. Plasma E1 concentration exceeded that of E2 throughout gestation in both groups of cows. The time trend concentrations of plasma E1 were significantly affected by the stage of gestation (P < 0.01) and fetal number (P < 0.01) in the last two trimesters of gestation. The time trend concentrations of plasma E2 were significantly affected by the stage of gestation (P<0.01) but not foetal number (P = 0.09). In both groups there was marked preparturient increase in E1 and E2 concentrations. Plasma E2 profile between days 10 prepartum to parturition paralleled E1 in cows carrying a single foetus but was disparate during the same period in the twin-bearing cows.To conclude, our results indicate that although plasma E1 concentration was greater than E2 throughout gestation, both were related to the stage of gestation and that fetal number was correlated with circulating E1 levels in the last two trimesters of gestation.  相似文献   

19.
Fluconazole (100 mg) was administered to six adult cats as an intravenous infusion over 30 minutes, and the same cats received 100 mg of the drug orally 16 weeks later. The cats were bled repeatedly through an indwelling jugular catheter, the plasma fluconazole concentrations were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography, and the concentration-time data were subjected to a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. The mean (SD) intravenous half-life (13·8 [2·6] hours) was similar to that observed after oral dosing (12·4 [3·0] hours). The plasma clearances (intravenous 0·9 [0·1], oral 0·9 [0·2] ml min−1 kg−1) and the volumes of distribution at steady state (intravenous 1·1 [0·1], oral 1·0 [0·1] litre kg−1) were also similar after the two routes of dosing. The peak plasma concentration was reached 2·6 hours after oral dosing and the drug was completely bioavailable (1·09 [0·05]). On the basis of this single dose study, the administration of 50 mg fluconazole every eight hours to a 4 kg cat should produce average steady state plasma fluconazole concentrations of approximately 33 mg litre−1.  相似文献   

20.
Bovine serum amyloid-A (b-SAA) was purified from a pool of acute phase serum using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration. Serum was applied at a low salt concentration to a phenyl-sepharose column and SAA was eluted with a gradient of 0 to 6 M guanidine-HCI. Fractions containing SAA were pooled, concentrated and further purified by gel filtration on Superose-12. The concentration of SAA in bovine serum was quantified by an indirect ELISA using rabbit anti-human SAA and horseradish peroxidase conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG. Dilutions of an acute phase bovine serum sample were used as working standards. The SAA concentration of this standard was determined by comparison with purified b-SAA on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by densitometry at 590 nm. The assay detection limit was 3 μg ml−1; the intra-assay coefficient of variation was 4 per cent and interassay coefficients of variation were 5·5 per cent and 7·2 per cent at 66 and 178 μg ml−1 SAA, respectively. In calves experimentally infected with Pasteurella haemolytica type A1 the ELISA was able to detect a 10-fold increase of SAA within 24 hours of inoculation.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号