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2017年调查福建福清地区马铃薯病毒病的发生情况,以明确该地区马铃薯主要病毒病原。共采集了46份疑似感染病毒的马铃薯植株,提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR技术进行分子检测,结果表明,福清地区危害马铃薯的病毒有马铃薯Y病毒Potato virus Y(PVY)、马铃薯卷叶病毒Potato leaf roll virus(PLRV)、马铃薯S病毒Potato virus S(PVS),检出率分别为56.52%、17.39%和10.87%,以PVY检出率最高,说明PVY是危害该地区马铃薯样品的主要病毒病原。通过病毒复合侵染进行分析,发现该地区存在病毒复合侵染马铃薯现象。研究结果可为福清地区马铃薯种薯的引进和病毒病害防治提供参考依据。 相似文献
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马铃薯病毒病是影响马铃薯产量和品质的主要因素之一,其症状表现为花叶、黄化和卷曲等。2019年4月-5月,在浙江省湖州、杭州、绍兴、宁波、金华、台州和丽水等7个地市的主要马铃薯产区采集了具有典型病毒病症状的马铃薯样品,采用转录组测序和RT-PCR验证的方法进行病毒检测,共筛查并验证出6种马铃薯病毒,包括马铃薯X病毒Potato virus X(PVX)、马铃薯Y病毒Potato virus Y(PVY)、马铃薯S病毒Potato virus S(PVS)、马铃薯H病毒Potato virus H(PVH)、马铃薯M病毒Potato virus M(PVM)以及马铃薯奥古巴花叶病毒Potato aucuba mosaic virus(PAMV)。检测结果表明,在调查的这7个地市中每个地市都具有2种以上的病毒发生,其中PVH作为一种新鉴定的麝香石竹潜隐病毒属成员在除宁波以外的各地区都有发生;此外杭州市、湖州市以及绍兴市均检测出了PAMV。对检测到的PVS、PVH、PVM和PAMV外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)序列进行系统发育分析表明,这些病毒均存在地域差异性。本研究为浙江省马铃薯病毒的防控奠定了重要基础。 相似文献
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为了解湖南省马铃薯种薯质量和主要病毒病发生情况,2019年-2020年马铃薯秋作和冬作期间,对长沙、益阳、湘潭、澧临等马铃薯生产区的155个马铃薯样品,运用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附检测(DAS-ELISA)技术,筛查6种主要马铃薯病毒,包括马铃薯X病毒Potato virus X(PVX)、马铃薯Y病毒Potato virus Y(PVY)、马铃薯M病毒Potato virus M(PVM)、马铃薯S病毒Potato virus S(PVS)、马铃薯A病毒Potato virus A(PVA)、马铃薯卷叶病毒Potato leaf roll virus(PLRV)。检测结果表明:6种马铃薯病毒病在湖南均有不同程度的发生,单一和两种病毒复合感染植株占比最高,其次是3种病毒复合感染,存在极少数植株复合感染4～5种病毒病情况。在秋作马铃薯中,PVY检出率达到29.41%;PVS和PVA检出率均为27.94%;PVM、PVX、PLRV的检出率分别为20.59%、19.12%、17.65%。在冬作马铃薯中,PVX检出率最高,达到31.03%;其次是PLRV,... 相似文献
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我国马铃薯病毒主要有马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)、马铃薯X病毒(PVX)、马铃薯S病毒(PVS)、马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV),常发生复合侵染。根据GenBank中4种马铃薯病毒的外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因全长设计引物,通过RT-PCR扩增得到4种病毒CP基因全长片段,测序结果显示序列同源性96%以上;针对4种病毒CP基因的保守序列分别设计引物,在一个PCR体系中同步对4种病毒进行扩增,得到421、202、516、330bp的特异性条带,优化建立了能同步检测PVY、PVX、PVS和PLRV的多重RT-PCR检测体系。检测结果证明优化后的多重RT-PCR体系能在田间样品中快速、高效地检测出4种病毒。 相似文献
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二重RT-PCR快速检测马铃薯病毒的方法 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本研究采用传统的蛋白酶K法和病毒RNA简易浸提法,从马铃薯块茎、茎干、叶梗、叶片中提取马铃薯X病毒,马铃薯Y病毒,马铃薯A病毒及马铃薯卷叶病毒RNA,并设计了4种马铃薯病毒引物,优化了二重RT-PCR反应条件,可以同步扩增出上述4种病毒,扩增产生的靶带分别为562bp(PVX)、480bp(PVY)、336bp(PLRV)、255bp(PVA).应用病毒RNA简易制样技术和优化的二重RT-PCR反应条件,可以同步快速检测田间自然感染的马铃薯病毒,此研究还可适合于检测马铃薯脱毒种薯及试管苗,对马铃薯病毒病早期监测有一定的作用. 相似文献
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我区马铃薯种植近年来实现了跨越式的发展,2005年全区冬种马铃薯种植面积达10.2万hm2。2006年春,对兴业县、容县和玉林市福绵管理区的冬种马铃薯进行了病害调查,发现普遍存在疑似病毒症状的病株,病株率从5%到70%不等。用病毒特异的RT-PCR方法检测了田间采集的31个各类疑似病毒病样本,其中30个样本检出病毒,分别是马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)、马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV)、马铃薯S病毒(PVS),马铃薯A病毒(PVA)和马铃薯X病毒(PVX)。复合感染现象普遍,其中PVY和PLRV)复合感染最多,有3个样本同时受3种病毒感染。 相似文献
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多数马铃薯病毒可以借助蚜虫传播, 并通过块茎世代积累, 导致马铃薯种性退化, 严重影响块茎的产量和品质?为了筛选新型?环保的马铃薯病毒病防治药剂, 本研究通过3个季节的田间试验, 对矿物油?维生素B1和杀虫剂吡虫啉在防治马铃薯病毒病中的效果进行了评价?结果表明, 通过马铃薯出苗后间隔10 d连续3次喷施, 矿物油能够控制马铃薯卷叶病(potato leaf-roll virus, PLRV)的发生, 对马铃薯M病毒(potato virus M, PVM)和马铃薯S病毒(potato virus S, PVS)的平均防效也分别达到66.72%和70.40%, 但对马铃薯Y病毒(potato virus Y, PVY)和马铃薯A病毒(potato virus A, PVA)在不同的年份和季节的防效不稳定, 平均防效为27.34%和65.02%?维生素B1对PLRV?PVM和PVS的防效也比较明显, 分别达83.36%?83.33%和73.32%, 而对PVY同样防效不稳定, 对PVA防效不明显?杀虫剂吡虫啉对PLRV?PVS和PVM的防效也不稳定, 且对PVY和PVA的防效均不显著?本研究中马铃薯X病毒(potato virus X, PVX)发生频率极低, 未进行病毒病的防效比较?综上所述, 矿物油和维生素B1对马铃薯主要病毒病的综合防效较吡虫啉好, 同时它们的增产效果更明显, 产投比高于化学药剂, 值得推广? 相似文献
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Nienhaus和Stille1966年报道,从被马铃薯X病毒(PVX)系统感染的马铃薯植株上发育出来的癌肿病菌孢子囊释放的游动孢子,能将该病毒传播到其它植株上。然而,在接种之前,游动孢子与病毒的悬浮液在试管内混合,使游动孢子与病毒微粒相接触,并不会发生病毒的传播。自从Nien-haus和Stille报导壶菌属的马铃薯癌肿病菌能作为马铃薯X病毒传播的媒介后,这已被广 相似文献
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RT-PCR技术对宁夏马铃薯脱毒种薯病毒检测的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
病毒病是影响马铃薯生产的重要病害,为了解宁夏地区马铃薯种薯生产中的病毒发生情况,在银川市、固原市和西吉县不同种植模式的脱毒种薯生产基地,对不同品种的原原种、原种、一级种在不同生育期随机采集样品,利用RT-PCR检测技术对4种马铃薯主要病毒PVX、PVY、PVS、PLRV和类病毒PSTVd进行检测。结果表明:PVX、PVY、PVS、PLRV在3个基地均有不同程度检出,成熟期病毒检出率分别为35%、28%、35%和34%,未检出PSTVd;4种病毒检出率在马铃薯现蕾期以后呈现显著性增长;病毒检出率随着种薯繁育级别增加差异显著;6个马铃薯品种均为感病品种;大田种植种薯的病毒检出率显著高于防虫网室。 相似文献
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基于小RNA深度测序和RT-PCR检测侵染广东省冬种马铃薯的病毒 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为明确侵染广东省冬种马铃薯的病毒种类及优势病毒,结合小RNA深度测序技术及RTPCR检测方法,对采集于广东省冬种马铃薯7个主产区的189份疑似病样进行检测分析。结果表明,经小RNA深度测序技术检测马铃薯病毒病混合样,发现存在马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)、马铃薯S病毒(Potato virus S,PVS)和马铃薯卷叶病毒(Potato leaf-roll virus,PLRV)3种病毒。进一步设计3种病毒的特异性引物并利用国内已报道的其它5种马铃薯病毒的特异性引物进行RT-PCR检测,发现189份马铃薯病毒病疑似病样中仅检测到PVY、PVS和PLRV这3种病毒,检出率依次为75.13%、10.05%和4.76%,且3种病毒在马铃薯上还存在复合侵染,复合侵染率为14.19%,其中PVY在各马铃薯产区均可检测到。表明侵染广东省冬种马铃薯的病毒为PVY、PVS和PLRV,其中PVY是优势病毒。 相似文献
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Substitution of alkyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamates by phenoxy- or phenylthio-groups in the 5-position results in an increase in anthelmintic activity. The biological spectrum is altered by substitution of the phenyl ring. A sulphonic ester substituent in the 5-position of the benzimidazole nucleus also increases anthelmintic activity. 相似文献
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Attempts were made to produce somatic hybrids between isolates of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and f. sp. hordei. A mixed infection was produced on a common susceptible barley host, Fong Tien, using white-spored isolates of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and yellow-spored isolates off. sp. hordei. Selection was made for non-parental spore colour on selective wheat and barley hosts, and variants thus isolated were analysed for virulence markers, and for isozyme and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) markers, all of which clearly differentiated the parental isolates. Two white-spored (non-parental) isolates were found on the selective barley host which otherwise resembled the parental f. sp. hordei isolate in virulence, isozyme and dsRNA markers. The most likely explanation of the origin of these isolates is mutation to white spore colour in the f. sp. hordei isolate. 相似文献
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Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucurbitacearum n.f. embracing all formae speciales of F. oxysporum attacking Cucurbitaceous crops 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M. Gerlagh W. J. Blok 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1988,94(1):17-31
Isolates ofFusarium oxysporum from wilted muskmelons, watermelons, cucumbers and from the muskmelon rootstockBenincasa hispida were screened for pathogenicity on seedlings and adult plants of these crops and related species. In seedling tests the isolates were not typically species-specific, contrary to what might be expected as an implication of their characterization as forma specialis. They often attacked species of several genera of plants, but not beyond the family of theCucurbitaceae. In the adult stage, plants were much more exclusively attacked by their corresponding formae speciales, but essential exceptions occurred. Isolates from cucumber were highly pathogenic to muskmelons, in the adulstage even causing more wilt of the latter than of cucumber.Comparing the results of these experiments with data from the literature, it is argued that the proposed f.sp.cucurbitacearum, embracing all formae speciales which specialize on plants within the family of theCucurbitaceae, would best fit in with the present state of knowledge. A proposition is given for equivalence of old and new classifications of isolates.Samenvatting Isolaten vanFusarium oxysporum uit verwelkte meloenen, watermeloenen, komkommers en uit de meloene-onderstamBenincasa hispida werden getoetst op pathogeniteit voor zaailingen en volwassen planten van deze gewassen en verwante soorten. In zaailingtoetsen waren de isolaten weinig soort-specifiek, in tegenstelling tot wat mocht worden afgeleid uit hun karakterisering als forma specialis. Zij tastten vaak soorten uit verschillende geslachten aan, maar niet buiten de grenzen van de familie derCucurbitaceae. in het volwassen stadium waren de interacties veel specifieker en werden planten slechts aangetast door de bijbehorende formae speciales. Enkele essentiële uitzonderingen kwamen echter voor. Isolaten van komkommer waren zeer pathogeen voor meloen. In het volwassen stadium veroorzaakten zij zelfs sterkere verwelking van meloen dan van komkommer.Vergelijking van de resultaten van deze proeven met gegevens uit de literatuur leidt tot de conclusie dat de voorgestelde f.sp.cucurbitacearum, die alle formae speciales met specialisatie opCucurbitaceae omvat, het best overeenkomt met de huidige stand van kennis. Een voorstet wordt gedaan ter vervanging van de oude classificatie van isolaten door corresponderende nieuwe aanduidingen. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT A natural epidemic of Fusarium wilt on coca (Erythroxylum coca) in Peru prompted the suggestion of possibly using the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli as a mycoherbicide against this narcotic plant. During field trials conducted in Kauai, HI, to test the pathogenicity of the coca wilt pathogen, ants were observed removing formulations from test plots. While removal of formulations by ants was considered detrimental with respect to conducting field tests, ant removal was considered potentially beneficial in disseminating the mycoherbicide. Thus, research was initiated to assess the ability of formulation additives to alter the preference of ants for the formulated mycoherbicide. In Hawaii, preference of indigenous ants for removing formulations was tested using three different food bases (rice, rice plus canola oil, and wheat flour [gluten]). Similar tests were conducted at Beltsville, MD, using F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis, in which the formulation based on wheat flour was replaced by a formulation based on canola meal. Formulations based on wheat were preferred by ants in both locations; up to 90% of the wheat plus rice flour granules (C-6) and the wheat gluten plus kaolin granules (pesta) were removed within 24 h, while only 20% of those containing rice without oils were taken. However, when either canola, sunflower (Maryland only), or olive oil was added to the rice formulation, up to 90% of the granules were taken. The formulation based on canola meal was less attractive to ants, as only 65% of the granules were removed within a period of 24 h. Ants showed no preference with respect to presence or absence of fungal biomass. To alter the attractiveness of the C-6 formulation to ants, C-6 was amended with three natural products. Canna and tansy leaves were added to C-6 at a ratio of 1:5 (wt/wt), while chili powder was added at 1:25 or 1:2.5 (wt/wt). Canna, tansy, and the higher rate of chili powder significantly reduced the number of C-6 granules removed by ants. Canna and tansy leaves affected neither germination nor sporulation of the mycoherbicide, while the high concentration of chili powder reduced viability of propagules in the formulation. More F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli-type colonies were recovered from inside ant nests (9 cm depth) than from nest surfaces, indicating that ants may distribute the mycoherbicide in the soil profile. Ants passively carried propagules of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli outside their bodies, as well as either very closely adhering to the outside or within their bodies. 相似文献
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Experiments were conducted to determine the temporal and spatial effects of Meloidogyne jav anica and host cultivar on pathogenesis by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp tracheiphilum in cowpea. In the wilt-susceptible cowpea cultivar California Blackeye No. 5 (CB5). F. o. tracheiphilum proliferated rapidly in both the hypocotyl and first internode 6 weeks after inoculation. The fungus spread quickly upward as plants grew, colonized most tissues within 6 weeks, and caused severe wilt. In wilt-resistant cultivar CB3. there was little proliferation of F. oxysporum in any tissue, whether or not plants were infected by St. javanica. The fungus was found above the primary internode in 15"., of all CB3 plants, but did not continue to spread upward after 4 weeks Vascular discoloration was greatest when St. javanica was added 4 weeks before F. o. tracheiphilum, but simultaneous inoculation also increased wilt symptoms Root wounding did not increase wilt. Split-root experiments provided no evidence that infection by, M. javanica results in a translocatable factor that reduces wilt resistance. When hypocoivls were inoculated with F. o. tracheiphilum at different intervals after roots infected by St. jav anica were removed, there was no evidence that the effect of the nematode on wilt susceptibility was translocated or persistent. 相似文献
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Dr. W. J. Maan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1947,53(1):11-13
Summary Several field-trials in the Netherlands during the season of 1946 proved the effectiveness of a seed-treatment with D.D.T. to control the onion maggotChortophila antiqua
Meig. in onions and leeks.The results obtained with D.D.T. were as good as or perhaps even a little better than those with calomel.After coating the seed with glue, the seed has to be stirred with the insecticide.The dose was 20 g D.D.T. on 100g onionseed, applied as 40 g of a D.D.T.-talc powder containing 50% D.D.T. on 100 g onionseed. 相似文献
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A series of laboratory experiments was made to find a reliable and quick method of terminating the dormancy of bulbs of Oxalis lalifolia H.B.K. and Oxalis pes-caprae L. It was found that the dormant period of the bulbs of O. latifoliti could be terminated by chilling al 5°C for 3 weeks followed by dry heating at 45°C for 4 h and then moist storage at 23°C. The dormancy of bulbs of O. pes-caprae was overcome by chilling them for 6 weeks in polyethylene bags at temperatures between 2and 10°C and then storing without added moisture in polyethylene bags at 20°C. Some physiological and ecological aspects of the work arc discussed. Dormance et germination des bulbes d'Oxalis latifolia H.B.K. et d'O. pes-caprae L. Une série d'expériences de laboratoire a été réealisée pour rechercher une méthode süre et rapide pour rompre la dormance des bulbes d'OxaHs latifolia K.B.K. et d'Oxalis pes-caprae L. II a été constaté que Ton pouvait mellre fin à la période de dormance des bulbes d'O. latifolia par un refroid-issement à 5° C pendant 3 semaines, suivi d'un chauffage à sec à 45°C pendant 4 heures. puis d'une conservation en atmosphere humide à 23°C. La dormance des bulbes d'O. pes-caprae a été rompue par exposition au froid pendant 6 semaines dans des sacs de polyethylene à des températures comprises entre 2° et 10°C et en les conservant sans les humidifier en sacs de polyéthylene à 20°. Certains aspects physiologiques et écotogiques de cc travail sont discutés. Dormanz und Austrieb der Zwiebeln von Oxalis latifolia H.B.K. undo, pes-caprae L. Es wurde eine Reihe von Laboruntersuchungen durchgeführt, um ein zuverlässiges und schnelles Verfahren zur Brechung der Dormanz der Zwiebeln von Oxalis latifolia H.B.K. und Oxalis pes-caprae L. zu linden. Dabei wurde herausgefunden. dass die Dormanz der Zwiebein von O. latifolia durch dreiwöchige Lagerung bei 5°C, gefolgt von einem vierstündigen Trocknen bei 45°C und anschliessender feuchter Lagerung bei 23°C, gebrochen werden kann. Bei O.pes-caprae wurde die Dormanz der Zwiebein wie folgt gebrochen: Sechs Wochen Lagerung in Polyäthylenbeuteln bei 2 10°C und Aufbewahrung ohne Zusatz von Feuchtlgkeit bei 20°C in Polyäthylenbeuteln. Einige physiologische und ökologische Gesichtspunkte der Arbeit werden besprochen. 相似文献
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