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不同窖藏条件下马铃薯块茎营养物质含量的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以克新1号为供试材料,研究了4种不同窖藏条件下马铃薯块茎中干物质、淀粉、还原糖、Vc、可溶性蛋白含量的变化。结果表明:在4种不同窖藏条件下,马铃薯块茎中干物质、淀粉、还原糖、Vc、可溶性蛋白含量变化趋势相同,但变化幅度不同。窖内平均温度越高,湿度越小,块茎干物质、Vc、可溶性蛋白含量降低幅度越大,而淀粉含量降低幅度与还原糖增加幅度越小;反之,窖内平均温度越低,湿度越大,块茎干物质、Vc、可溶性蛋白含量降低幅度越小,淀粉含量降低幅度与还原糖含量增加幅度越大。 相似文献
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本试验以高淀粉品种晋薯2号、中淀粉品种内薯3号和低淀粉品种紫花白为试验材料,设置了小区试验,在生育期间从还原糖和可溶性糖的代谢与块茎淀粉含量积累变化的相关关系进行了研究,其结果:(1)块茎淀粉含量的积累变化与叶片可溶性糖含量变化呈显著正相关关系.因此,叶片可溶性糖含量可做为马铃薯高淀粉育种早期选择和品质预测的重要生理指标;(2)块茎淀粉含量积累变化与叶片还原糖含量变化呈正相关,故叶片还原糖含量亦可做为马铃薯高淀粉育种早期选择和品质预测的生理指标;(3)块茎淀粉含量积累变化与茎秆、块茎可溶性糖、还原糖含量变化相关性不强,但生育后期与茎秆可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关. 相似文献
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马铃薯氮素营养状况的SPAD仪诊断 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
以马铃薯品种克新1号为材料,研究了叶片SPAD值、叶片全氮含量、叶绿素含量以及块茎产量随供氮水平的变化规律及相互关系,旨在为使用叶绿素仪进行马铃薯无损伤氮素诊断和推荐施肥奠定基础。研究结果表明,从马铃薯苗期到块茎淀粉积累各个生育阶段叶片的SPAD测定值均与马铃薯叶片含氮量呈显著正相关关系。除苗期外,块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期的马铃薯叶片含氮量和叶片SPAD值随土壤施氮量的变化均表现为线形加平台的模式。因此马铃薯块茎形成期后叶片的SPAD读数可揭示马铃薯的氮素营养状况。统计分析结果还表明,叶片SPAD值与块茎相对产量呈线形加平台的数量关系模式,据此确定了应用叶绿素仪SPAD-502进行马铃薯推荐施肥的SPAD临界值为块茎形成期47.3、块茎膨大期45.1、淀粉积累期40.2。 相似文献
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不同氮钾比例对马铃薯产量和品质的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为探寻马铃薯高效栽培技术,提高肥料利用率,研究了不同氮钾水平对马铃薯产量因子和质量因子的影响。当N:K2O比增加时,马铃薯的生长发育进程推迟,健康态势降低,块茎蛋白质含量升高。而N:K2O比降低时,块茎的干物质、淀粉、还原糖、总糖和Vc等含量趋向增加,但钾肥的百分比过高时,又会阻碍马铃薯生长发育,降低产量和品质。 相似文献
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贮藏期间马铃薯几个主要加工品质指标的变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以宁夏南部山区近几年几个主栽品种为试验材料,测定了不同贮藏时期几个主要加工品质指标。结果表明:其加工所要求的主要的品质指标干物质、淀粉含量在收获时最高,随着贮藏时间的延长,不同品种马铃薯块茎干物质、淀粉含量均有不同程度的下降趋势。贮藏中期下降最多,贮藏末期各品种干物质、淀粉含量有所回升。还原糖等含量的变化与淀粉磷酸化酶、蔗糖转化酶的活性息息相关。随着低温贮藏天数的延长,不同品种马铃薯还原糖含量呈上升趋势。因此,在马铃薯加工利用时,对于低温长时间存贮的马铃薯根据加工利用目的如淀粉加工、食品加工必须进行升温贮藏,以降低淀粉磷酸化酶的活性,增加淀粉合成酶的活性,使糖转化为淀粉,提高块茎的淀粉含量,降低还原糖含量。 相似文献
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种植模式和氮肥形态对威芋3号马铃薯产量及品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验选用马铃薯品种威芋3号,采用田间试验方法,研究了薯玉传统间作模式、薯豆间作新模式下氮素形态对马铃薯产量、品质、营养吸收的影响。结果表明:薯豆间作显著提高马铃薯产量,比单作和薯玉间作分别增产17.2%、5.8%,并显著提高薯块粗蛋白含量和单株氮、钾含量,但使淀粉含量降低。与硝态氮肥相比较,铵态氮肥、酰胺态氮肥显著提高马铃薯产量,分别增产15.73%、13.49%;与其他两种形态氮肥相比,铵态氮肥显著提高了薯块的粗蛋白、Vc含量、植株氮、磷、钾含量,但显著降低了还原糖、淀粉含量。氮肥形态与间作对马铃薯粗蛋白、淀粉、还原糖、产量、单株氮、钾含量有显著的交互效应。 相似文献
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钾肥对鲜食型马铃薯产量及品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过使用不同用量的钾肥,研究不同用量K肥对鲜食型马铃薯植株性状、块茎品质和产量的影响。试验于2007～2008年,在张掖绿洲灌溉农业区灌漠土上进行。试验结果表明:随着K肥用量的增加,马铃薯株高、茎粗、地上部干重和块茎粗淀粉、蛋白质、干物质、维生素C含量增加,K肥用量增加到一定程度则下降;增施K肥可以显著提高马铃薯的产量,马铃薯的产量随K肥用量的增加而增加,当K肥用量增加到一定程度则递减;马铃薯在K肥适宜用量为180kg·hm-2时,其产量最高,块茎还原糖含量最低,综合品质最佳。 相似文献
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马铃薯贮藏过程中其还原据含量受温度、体积、时间以及通风量和光照条件的影响。用夏·薛·哈(Somogyi—Shaffer—Hartmarin)三氏法测定了8541至8545、东北白和紫花白7品种(系)的马铃薯还原糖在贮藏期随温度、体积、品种以及不同时期的含量;并对正交试验数据进行了处理,得到了贮藏期还原糖含量受诸多因素影响的变化关系,结果表明,正交试验法是一种行之有效的研究方法。 相似文献
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The nitrogen supply plays an important role in achieving quality characteristics in organic potato farming. Different defoliation systems of ryegrass–clover may influence the amount of fixed nitrogen available to the tubers. In a field experiment, the effect of different defoliation systems (cutting, mulching and a combination of them) of the pre-crop ryegrass–clover on selected quality attributes of organically grown potatoes, destined for processing into French fries (cv. Agria) or crisps (cv. Marlen), were conducted in two consecutive years (2003 and 2004). Parameters studied included compounds related to the sensory properties of potato food (tuber dry matter, starch, reducing sugars) as well as nutritional quality (nitrogen, minerals). Selected agronomic parameters such as total tuber yields and tuber size distribution were also compared. Furthermore, the influence of additional slurry fertilisation and 4 months of storage on these parameters were investigated. Total yields and portion of tuber yield 50–60 mm were significantly affected by the pure mulching variant in 2003. In 2003, the starch concentration at harvest, as well as after storage, was above the required minimum of 22% (cv. Marlen) and 19% (cv. Agria), while in 2004, this was slightly beneath these values. In 2004, a significant increase of starch concentration by the pure cutting variant was observed. In both years, mulched ryegrass–clover caused a decrease in tuber DM contents of 2.10 and 3.54%, respectively, compared to the cutting systems. Fertilisation significantly decreased DM and starch concentration. In 2004, the reducing sugar concentration of tubers of cv. Marlen from the pure cutting system was with 2.1 g kg?1 FM above the required maximum of 1.5 g kg?1 for crisps. In addition, storage led to a three to fivefold increase of reducing sugars concentrations in the tubers in this year. After slurry fertilisation, 8.8% higher N contents and up to 36% higher K concentrations were measured. Mulching of the pre-crop combined with slurry application led to an up to 61% higher tuber K concentration compared to the cutting system. The results indicate that different defoliation systems of the pre-crop ryegrass–clover and slurry fertilisation had only minor effects on internal tuber quality attributes. Quality parameters were more affected by the prevailing weather conditions in combination with the genotype of different potato cultivars. 相似文献
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James M. Pisarczyk 《American Journal of Potato Research》1982,59(5):205-211
Field and laboratory experiments demonstrate that damage to potato tubers increased tuber respiration, which declined with time. Measurement of tuber respiration with an infra-red gas analyzer can be a sensitive indicator of amount of tuber damage in actual field harvests. Damage of tubers had no effect on total sugar content but decreased sucrose content when measured ten days after harvest. 相似文献
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Starch Characteristics of Modern and Heirloom Potato Cultivars 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Diego Fajardo Kathleen G. Haynes Shelley Jansky 《American Journal of Potato Research》2013,90(5):460-469
In a number of ways, modern potato breeding efforts differ from those that created heirloom cultivars. As a result of the rapid expansion of the potato processing industry in the mid twentieth century, potato breeders shifted their focus from fresh market varieties to those intended for the fry and chip markets. Selection for higher dry matter content and lower reducing sugar levels in tubers was successful. This study sought to determine whether modern processing cultivars differ from heirloom cultivars for two major characteristics of tuber starch, amylose content and starch granule morphology. Since breeding efforts for processing potatoes have focused on the maintenance of tuber quality during storage, these parameters were measured in both fresh and stored tubers. Twenty cultivars selected to span the range of cultivar release dates in the U.S. were grown at Hancock, WI in 2009 and 2010 and evaluated for tuber amylose content and measurements of starch granule surface area, length, width, length to width ratio, and smoothness. These traits were found to be stable across years and during storage. Significant differences in the amylose content and starch granule morphology exist among cultivars, but there is no clear distinction between modern and heirloom cultivars. Genetic variation for amylose content and starch granule morphology was found within the set of clones sampled for this study. However, germplasm with higher amylose content will need to be identified and utilized in breeding if the nutritional benefits associated with high fiber and low glycemic index are to be realized. 相似文献
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Summary Pot and field experiments were carried out to test fertilizer treatments on the behaviour of potato tubers stores at 4°C and
≥90% relative humidity for 6 months. Weight losses (separated into water and dry matter) were enhanced after N and K fertilization
and decreased by increasing P supply. Glucose and fructose contents were reduced at harvest by high N-fertilizer rates compared
to no or low fertilization, but throughout storage reducing sugar accumulation was increased, sucrose reduction was decreased
and ascorbic acid was increased. K fertilization affected the chemical composition of the tubers somewhat similar to that
of nitrogen fertilization. High initial nitrate content of the tubers seemed to be increased and low nitrate values were decreased
during storage. The tubers from pot experiments showed similar changes but of greater magnitude. 相似文献
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W. M. Iritani 《American Journal of Potato Research》1981,58(1):71-80
The quality factors influenced by stress conditions are: total dry matter or starch content and distribution of starch, sugar content, types of sugars and distribution, texture, mealiness, flesh color, tuber size and shape, and tuber defects such as growth cracks, and hollow heart. Early stress during growth can cause tubers to become pointed on the stem-end with low starch content and high reducing sugars. Uneven growth due to stress results in growth cracks, or hollow heart and malformed tubers. Varieties differ considerably as to susceptibility. Stress generally causes lower starch content in tubers which results in greater sugar accumulation in storage. Relative maturity is also influenced by stress during growth. Immature and over-mature tubers (from prematurely dead plants) accumulate greater amounts of sugar in storage than tubers properly matured. Stress can also cause poor texture of processed products, such as tough texture of French fries as well as lack of mealiness. Flavor and color of processed products can also be detrimentally influenced by stress. 相似文献
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J. G. Silva M. G. C. França F. T. F. Gomide J. R. Magalhaes 《American Journal of Potato Research》2013,90(2):179-185
Crop production systems should reduce nitrogen application costs and assure that the appropriate form of nitrogen is used. Thus, three potato cultivars in a hydroponic system were supplied with two different nitrogen sources to determine the effect on biomass accumulation and partitioning, and total plant nitrogen content. Cultivars Agata, Atlantic and Bintje received, on alternate days, nutritive solutions differing only in either calcium nitrate or urea. Urea stimulated biomass accumulation and total nitrogen in shoots. Moreover, urea reduced the ratios tuber:shoot and tuber:root, and increased the ratio shoot:root, indicating competition for biomass partitioning between shoots and tubers. Urea stimulated greater tuber volume in the Atlantic cultivar, and increased tuber protein content, which is undesirable for industry. These results suggested that salts containing nitrate could be more appropriate for hydroponic potato cultivation, since urea compromised tuber quality and biomass partitioning in all cultivars studied. 相似文献
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Summary The effect of high tuber temperature (30 °C) on the growth rate and carbohydrate metabolism of tubers was studied with 3 cultivars
differing in heat tolerance. Subjecting individual tubers to 30°C for 6 days caused cessation of tuber growth. During this
period, non-treated tubers (20°C) on the same plant increased in volume. At 30°C, incorporation of14C-labelled assimilates into the ethanol-insoluble fraction (mainly starch) as well as the starch content was significantly
reduced. In contrast, the incorporation of14C-labelled assimilates into the sugar fraction was not affected by high tuber temperature. At 30°C the activity of some of
the enzymes involved in starch metabolism was depressed. Varietal differences in responses of tuber growth rate and carbohydrate
metabolism to high tuber temperature were insignificant. From these preliminary results it is concluded that high soil temperatures
may decrease starch content of potato tubers directly by inhibition of the conversion of sugars into starch. 相似文献