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1.
[目的]探索发酵床对奶牛健康状况和生产性能的影响。[方法]试验设发酵床组与水泥地面组,各选健康奶牛21头,通过对奶牛牛体和乳房卫生情况、生产性能、牛舍环境、血常规和血液生化指标、躺卧情况及健康状况等指标进行评估。[结果]发酵床组牛体和乳房卫生情况明显优于水泥地面组;体细胞数显著低于水泥地面组（P<0.05）;发酵床组牛舍相对湿度显著高于水泥地面组（P<0.05）;发酵床组牛舍氨气浓度显著低于水泥地面组（P<0.05）;发酵床组血液葡萄糖含量显著高于水泥地面组（P<0.05）;发酵床组奶牛躺卧率明显高于水泥地面组（P<0.05）;发酵床组乳房炎和肢蹄病发病率显著低于水泥地面组（P<0.05）。[结论]发酵床不仅能提高奶牛牛体和乳房卫生,还能降低乳房炎和肢蹄病发生率,改善奶牛生产性能。 相似文献
2.
性控精液对奶牛情期受胎率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了性控精液对奶牛情期受胎率及母犊率的影响。结果表明:经产(青年牛/成母牛)对性控精液的受胎率有显著影响(P<0.05),输精部位、季节对性控精液的受胎率无显著影响(P>0.05)。青年牛试验组与对照组的情期受胎率分别为80.00%和60.00%。成母牛试验组与对照组的情期受胎率分别为33.33%和57.14%,没有显著差异(P>0.05)。性控精液的母犊率(95.45%)极显著高于常规精液的母犊率(47.37%)(P<0.01)。性控精液的流产率与犊牛成活率与常规精液差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
3.
木板与混凝土牛床对奶牛肢蹄的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究比较了木板地面和混凝土地面的牛床对奶牛肢蹄损伤性疾病的发病情况,结果显示:木板地面和混凝土地面牛床的发病率分别为53.18%,66.99%,木板地面的发病率显著低于混凝土地面(P<0.05),且在低气温季节,混凝土地面发病率极显著高于木板地面(P<0.01),而在高气温季节则相反(P<0.05)。腕(跗)部发病率,木板地面低于混凝土地面(P<0.05),分别为22.22%,34.06%。细菌感染率木板地面高于混凝土地面,差异显著(P<0.05)。指(趾)部和蹄部发病率、患病淘汰率,木板均高于混凝土地面,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果说明,不同气温(季节)条件下,木板与混凝土地面对奶牛肢蹄损伤差异较大,但总的来说,木板地面要优于混凝土地面。 相似文献
4.
在对当地黄牛采取人工杂交改良的过程中,根据不同杂交组合将母牛群分组,并统计各组母牛的受胎率、难产率、繁殖成活率和犊牛的初生体尺、体重。统计结果表明:各组间母牛的受胎率和繁殖成活率均无明显差异(P>0.05)。但各杂交组合的难产率均高于土种黄牛,其中西门塔尔×黄牛F1和荷斯坦×黄牛F1的值与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),皮埃蒙特牛×黄牛F1的值与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。犊牛额头宽度与难产率之间呈正相关(r=0.8304)。 相似文献
5.
《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2017,(5)
使用BRU(Bedding Recovery Unit)牛粪垫料再生系统制备再生固体牛粪垫料(Recycled Manure Solids,RMS),通过检测其发酵时间、发酵过程温度、成品RMS水分、细菌含量及细菌类型等评估其安全性;与木屑垫料组对比开展了临床应用性试验,通过测定牛舍内的氨气含量、牛群躺卧率、牛群疾病发病率等评估其应用效果。安全性评估结果表明:RMS经过发酵罐的总时间为16h,进入发酵罐后温度逐渐升高,最高可达68.5℃,发酵温度为60℃以上的时间为12h;成品RMS的水分为57.5%~60%;新鲜的成品RMS中的细菌类型为嗜热芽孢杆菌,细菌数为6×105 cfu/g。应用效果评估结果表明:RMS组在氨气含量、牛群疾病发病率等方面与木屑垫料组相比无明显差异,但RMS组的牛群躺卧率显著高于木屑垫料组(P0.05);RMS组垫料的水分比木屑高,在使用后细菌滋生速度极显著高于木屑垫料组(P0.01)。 相似文献
6.
本试验旨在研究母牛舔舐对新生犊牛行为及血清应激和免疫指标的影响。选取30头初生重相近的健康荷斯坦母犊牛,依据其出生后被母牛舔舐的时长分为2组,每组15头。对照组(Con组)犊牛出生后仅被舔舐几下或没被舔舐,舔舐组(Lick组)犊牛出生后被舔舐15~20 min。录像记录犊牛被舔舐之后24 h的行为,检测犊牛被舔舐之后0和24 h血清应激激素和免疫相关细胞因子含量。结果表明:1)Lick组犊牛进入犊牛舍后初次成功站立用时有低于Con组的趋势(P=0.056),Lick组犊牛进入犊牛舍后在初次尝试站立至成功站立期间的尝试站立次数有低于Con组犊牛的趋势(P=0.094),Lick组犊牛初次尝试站立至成功站立用时显著短于Con组(P<0.05)。2)Lick组犊牛采食初乳时站立时长占总采食时长的比例有高于Con组的趋势(P=0.068),Lick组犊牛躺卧时长占总采食时长的比例有低于Con组的趋势(P=0.068)。3)采食初乳前后,Lick组犊牛站立时长和次数显著高于Con组(P<0.05),躺卧时长显著低于Con组(P<0.05),行走时长和次数显著高于Con组(P<0.05),探索时长有高于Con组的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),探索次数显著高于Con组(P<0.05)。4)被舔舐之后0 h,Lick组犊牛血清皮质醇含量显著低于Con组(P<0.05)。在被舔舐后24 h,Lick组犊牛血清白细胞介素-2含量有低于Con组的趋势(P=0.097),白细胞介素-6含量显著低于Con组(P<0.05)。综上所述,母牛分娩后对新生犊牛进行15~20 min的舔舐可以降低犊牛的应激水平,增强新生犊牛的活力,同时使犊牛更为活跃。 相似文献
7.
《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2017,(7)
在对黑龙江省本地杂交黑白花牛采取人工授精进行改良的过程中,根据不同杂交组合将母牛群分组,分别统计分析各组母牛的受胎率、难产率、繁殖成活率以及所产犊牛的出生体尺、体重。结果表明母牛的受胎率各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。母牛的难产率、犊牛成活率A、B组间差异显著(P0.05)。犊牛额头宽度与难产率之间呈正相关。 相似文献
8.
采用不同犊牛培育方法,分别考察对传统饲养条件和高效繁育技术条件下对后代公犊牛及育成母牛生长发育的影响。研究结果表明:与传统对照组相比,犊牛培育组犊牛成活率达到97.23%,犊牛培育组的成活率、初选合格率、复选合格率和定选合格率分别为91.67%、80.56%和77.78%,分别比传统对照组提高12.90%、13.79%、11.54%和27.26%,差异显著(P<0.05)。犊牛体高、体斜长、胸围、管围及体重显著提高,差异显著(P<0.05)。采用犊牛培育技术,后代犊牛及育成牛生长发育各项指标较对照组明显增加,有效提高牦牛种母牛培育合格率,从而为建立优良种母牛核心群提供一条切实有效的生产途径。 相似文献
9.
10.
[目的]比较娟姗牛和荷斯坦牛在养殖过程中的发病情况。[方法]收集、整理鹤庆县欧亚牧场2021年成年母牛发病率较高的8 种疾病和犊牛发病率较高的3 种疾病的月报表数据,用SPSS软件对试验数据进行统计分析。[结果]娟姗牛酮病、产后瘫痪和前胃弛缓的年平均发病率与荷斯坦牛无显著差异（P>0.05）,真胃移位、子宫炎、胎衣不下、乳房炎和肢蹄病的年平均发病率极显著低于荷斯坦牛（P<0.01）。娟姗牛犊牛肺炎、感冒年平均发病率与荷斯坦牛无显著差异（P>0.05）,而犊牛肺炎年平均发病率显著低于荷斯坦牛（P<0.05）。[结论]同等饲养管理条件下,娟姗牛抗病力较荷斯坦牛强。 相似文献
11.
不同饲喂次数对荷斯坦泌乳牛日常行为的影响 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(4):84-92
目的 研究不同饲喂次数对经产和初产荷斯坦泌乳牛日常行为的影响。方法 随机选取28头泌乳天数在100 d左右的健康荷斯坦奶牛,包括14头经产牛和14头初产牛,分为日饲3次处理组和日饲2次处理组,每组包含经产牛和初产牛各7头。对泌乳牛的采食、卧床躺卧、运动场躺卧、卧床站立、运动场站立、过道站立、饮水、使用体刷、舔舐盐砖等行为进行连续5 d的观察,并对2个处理组上述行为的每日发生频率和花费时间进行比较。结果 当日饲3次变为日饲2次时,经产牛和初产牛每日采食频率和时间显著（P<0.05）降低,每日总躺卧时间显著（P<0.05）增加。日饲3次和日饲2次条件下,经产牛每日卧床躺卧、卧床上躺卧和站立、舔舐盐砖时间均显著（P<0.05）大于初产牛,经产牛每日采食、总躺卧、总站立、饮水频率和时间与初产牛差异不显著（P>0.05）。结论 当饲喂次数减少时,会对经产牛和初产牛的每日采食频率和时间以及每日总躺卧时间产生显著影响。 相似文献
12.
A study was conducted at five locations to determine the survival rate of calves and to estimate the performance level of improved dairy cows under commercialized farming systems in Ethiopia. Seven hundred and one calves born from 1997 to 1999, and 797 cows were included in the study. Cumulative calf/heifer survival at 360, 540 and 720 days was 80%, 76% and 70%, respectively. Number of services per conception averaged 2 while mean age at first service and days open were 850+/-18 and 192+/-11 days, respectively. Calf survival, days open and age at first service were significantly affected by breed and management factors (p <0.05), whereas parity significantly affected the number of services per conception and days open. There was a tendency towards improved performance over the years. This was especially so for calf survival and days open. Clearly, all the traits measured varied among study farms, indicating that substantial improvement can be achieved through better management. This paper describes these individual traits of improved dairy breeds under commercialized farming systems in Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
A study was conducted to assess the reproductive performance and factors that influence reproductive efficiency of cows in
smallholder dairy farms in Selalle, Central Ethiopia. Three hundred dairy farms (average herd size = 8) were visited and data
on reproductive, breeding and management histories were collected and analysed. The overall geometric means for calving to
conception interval (n = 382) and duration after last calving (n = 422) were 187 and 201 days in pregnant and non-pregnant cows, respectively. The least-squares mean calving to conception
interval was higher (p < 0.05) in mixed crop–livestock production (MCLP) than in small urban dairy production (SUDP) systems and was lower (p < 0.01) in non-suckling than in suckling cows. District significantly influenced (p < 0.01) the least-squares mean duration after last calving and, among the districts, non-pregnant cows in Wuchale-Jida had
the highest values, whereas cows in Sululta and Mulo had the lowest values. The overall average number of services per conception
(±SD) and the first service conception rate were 1.6 ± 1.0 (n = 382) and 56% (n = 456), respectively. The prevalences of abortion, dystocia (assisted parturition), retained fetal membrane, vulval discharge/endometritis
and pre-weaning calf mortality were 1.4%, 1.3%, 5.4%, 2.8% and 17.4%, respectively. The present estimates of extended calving
to conception interval and duration after last calving indicate poor reproductive performances of cows in Selalle smallholder
dairy farms. The pre-weaning calf mortality rate is highly significant. Accordingly, a further detailed investigation is necessary
to identify and quantify the specific reproductive disorders and associated interacting factors attributing to such poor performance
and to determine the causes and predisposing factors behind such high calf mortality. 相似文献
14.
Shigeru NINOMIYA Masato AOYAMA Yumiko UJIIE Ryo KUSUNOSE Atsutoshi KUWANO 《Journal of Equine Science》2008,19(3):53-56
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of straw, sawdust, coconut husk
(husk), and coconut fiber (fiber) on the welfare of stable horses by observing their
resting behavior. Twenty horses with ages ranging from 3 to 21 years were used at the
Equine Research Institute of the Japan Racing Association, Utsunomiya, Japan. Five horses
were allocated to each bedding condition. The behavior of each horse was recorded by video
camera for 3 days and was continuously sampled from 17:00 to 05:00. The total duration,
the number of bouts, and the mean and the maximum duration of bouts in standing rest,
sternal lying, and lateral lying were calculated and analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test
and post hoc Steel-Dwass test. There was no difference in the standing rest and the
sternal lying among beddings. Significant differences were observed in these values in the
lateral lying among the different beddings (P<0.05). The values of the means of the
total duration, the number of bouts, and the mean and the maximum duration of bout in the
lateral lying were greater when husk was used as the bedding material than when sawdust
were used (P<0.05). The results of the observations show that the new bedding materials
would be as usable as straw. However, lateral lying was observed less frequently when
sawdust were used as bedding; this indicates that use of sawdust as bedding material will
decrease the welfare of stabled horses. 相似文献
15.
Dayane L. Teixeira Genaro C. Miranda-de la Lama Maria Pascual-Alonso Lorena Aguayo-Ulloa Morris Villarroel Gustavo A. María 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2013,8(3):175-179
The aim of this study was to analyze the lamb's choice of bedding material when 4 different types of bedding materials and cement floor (CT) area were available during the fattening period. A total of 16 lambs were selected and distributed in 2 groups of 8 lambs each and fattened for 18 days. The animals were housed randomly in 1 of 2 pens that were subdivided into 5 areas. Four of these areas had 1 of the 4 types of flooring: sawdust (SU), waste of paper (WP), straw (ST), and rice husk (RH), whereas the fifth had a CT, opposite the feeding and drinking troughs. A video-recording device was set up in a room close to the pens to record maintenance behavior. Two kinds of recording were carried out: scan sampling every 10 minutes (7 am-9 pm) throughout the entire experiment, and continuous behavior sampling recorded continuously for 12 h/d (8 am-8 pm) on days 1, 7, and 14 (a total of 36 h/pen). The behavior patterns recorded during the experiment included lying down, standing, walking, feeding, and drinking. The occupancy rates for the different bedding areas were significantly different (P ≤ 0.001), and the lambs demonstrated a clear preference for SU bed, with a 47% occupancy rate, followed by WP (17%), ST, and RH, with occupancy rates of nearly 6% and 7%, respectively. The occupancy rate in the area with no bedding material (CT) was 21%. Significant differences were also found in behavior patterns between the bedding zones. When the lambs on the SU bedding were observed, 80% of the time they were lying down and 20% of the time standing. When they occupied the WP area, they spent 63% of the time lying down and 37% standing; for the ST bedding, the rates were 23% lying down and 77% standing; and when the lambs were observed in the area with RH flooring, they spent 40% of the time lying down and 60% standing. The clear preference shown by the lambs for SU may be associated to the SU's physical and thermal properties compared with ST. If all factors are taken into account (cost, animal preferences, and technical performance), WP bedding becomes a interesting material as an alternative to the ST bedding traditionally used by sheep farmers. 相似文献
16.
Gaseous emissions,growth performance and pork quality of pigs housed in deep‐litter system compared to concrete‐floor system 
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下载免费PDF全文 This study measured gaseous emissions, growth performance and pork quality in a deep‐litter system and concrete‐floor system. Three hundred and twenty weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.0 ± 0.3 kg were assigned randomly into three treatments. Treatments 1 and 2 included four pens with 20 pigs for each pen respectively in the deep‐litter system, and the ratio of sawdust to chaff was 5:5 and 3:7 for treatments 1 and 2 respectively, the probiotics inoculated into the fermentation bedding for both treatments were composed of Saccharomycetes, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomycetes; treatment 3 was the conventional concrete‐floor system including eight pens with 20 pigs for each pen. The concentration of NH3 and CO2 in the deep‐litter system was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than that in the concrete‐floor system. The ratio of feed to gain for pigs raised in the deep‐litter system was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that for pigs housed in the concrete‐floor system. The carcass weight and length, color score and rate of cooking meat for pork from the deep‐litter system were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those from the concrete‐floor system. Results indicate that pigs raised in the deep‐litter system had some animal welfare improvements and an odor nuisance reduction; in the meantime, pork quality also improved from the deep‐litter system compared to the pigs housed in the concrete‐floor system. 相似文献
17.
Breed susceptibility to nematode infection was evaluated in Angus (Bos taurus) and Brangus (B. indicus crossbreed) cattle. A cow-calf herd and a yearling replacement heifer herd were monitored during one grazing season. Calves were born in March and were weaned in October. Individual rectal fecal samples were collected monthly from the two herds and processed for fecal egg counts (FEC) and coprocultures. Cow and calf FEC increased from April, reaching maximum values during the summer. Angus cows and calves had significantly (p<0.05) greater FEC than Brangus cows and calves, and Haemonchus and Cooperia were the predominant genera. Replacement heifer FEC showed a similar pattern with maximum levels during late summer/fall, and Haemonchus was the predominant genus. No significant differences were seen between breeds, however, infection levels were consistently lower in Brangus heifers. Ostertagia was present in cows and heifers only in fall/winter, which is consistent with summer inhibition. The data suggested that cows were an important source of pasture contamination for their susceptible calves and that the Brangus breed was relatively more resistant to infection. The use of B. indicus crossbreeds may help in alleviating reliance on chemical control by reducing the rate of pasture contamination and subsequent infection losses. 相似文献
18.
OBJECTIVE: To determine a method for comparing counts of Streptococcus uberis in sand and sawdust and account for the influence of weight or volume of the bedding material. SAMPLE POPULATION: 2 sources of kiln-dried sawdust and 2 sources of washed sand. PROCEDURES: Sterilized bedding material (100 ml) was weighed and uniformly distributed in an aluminum pan. Each sterilized bedding material was inoculated with a mean of 3.6 X 10(6) (experiment 1) or 2.4 X 10(7) (experiment 2) colony-forming units (CFU) of S uberis/ml of bedding material. Without allowing time for replication of S uberis, inoculated bedding materials were washed with sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. A 200-ml aliquot of wash solution was serially diluted up to 2,500 times with additional saline solution and inoculated on plates containing tryptose agar with 5% sheep blood. After incubation for 48 hours, number of CFU of S uberis was counted. This procedure was replicated 19 and 16 times for each bedding material in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. RESULTS: Evaluation of Bonferroni 95% confidence intervals revealed significant differences for counts of S uberis calculated on a weight basis between sand and sawdust. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Comparison of counts of S uberis determined on a volume basis for sand and sawdust accentuates to a lesser degree the weight difference of the bedding materials and ensures a more appropriate comparison of number of S uberis. 相似文献
19.
根据西宁某奶牛场1984-1995年荷斯坦奶牛的配种产犊记录,按不同配种年龄、胎次与配种月份所产犊的性别进行统计分析。结果表明:配种年龄对奶牛产犊性别无显著影响(p>0.05);胎次与奶牛产犊性别的关系表现为第三胎所产公犊显著多于母犊(p<0.05),其它各胎次差异均不显著(p>0.05);配种月份对奶牛产犊性别的影响表现为3-5月配种所产犊牛有母犊多于公犊趋势,但差异不显著(p>0.05),6月-9月配种所产犊牛公犊显著多于母犊(p<0.05),其余各月份差异均不显著(p>0.05)。 相似文献
20.
The study was conducted to estimate the proportion of reproductive disorders and to determine factors affecting reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows under four different production systems in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The principal postpartum reproductive disorders were retained fetal membranes (14.7%) and uterine infection (15.5%). Anoestrus was the major postpartum reproductive problem in the mixed crop–livestock production system (38.6%) and was significantly associated with this production system. Apart from anoestrus, the occurrence of reproductive disorders was not significantly associated with a production system. Most of the reproductive disorders occurred as a complex rather than as a single abnormality. Two or more abnormal conditions were seen in 11.4% of the cases. Each reproductive trait measured was affected adversely by reproductive disorders. Cows with reproductive disorders in each production system, lactation group and suckling and non-suckling group had longer intervals from calving to first service and to conception (p < 0.001) and required more services per conception (p < 0.001). Pregnancy rate and conception to first service were 84.7% and 51.7%, respectively, for cows without reproductive health problems; and 64.2% and 15.1%, respectively, for cows with reproductive disorders (p < 0.001). Overall, intervals from calving to first service were shorter (p < 0.05) than in younger cows. Intervals from calving to first service and to conception were longer in suckling than in non-suckling cows (p > 0.05). Cows with a good body condition score (>3.5) at calving had shorter calving to first service and conception intervals than cows in poor condition (p < 0.001). The results showed that reproductive abnormalities, coupled with poor body condition, are important factors that contributed to reproductive inefficiency. An appropriate reproductive health management, a reliable artificial insemination service and supplementary feeding could be the management options to reduce or alleviate some of the problems. 相似文献